The Condition Of The Working Class In England In 1844 With A Preface Written In 1892
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The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 with a Preface written in 1892 by Friedrich Engels Pdf
The Condition of the Working Class in England is a book by philosopher Friedrich Engels. Essentially a study of the industrial working class in England, the author argues that the Industrial Revolution made workers worse off.
The Condition of the Working-Class in England In 1844 by Friedrich Engels Pdf
From 1842 to 1844, German philosopher FRIEDRICH ENGELS (1820-1895) lived in Manchester, England, and witnessed firsthand the impact of the nation's burgeoning Industrial Revolution on the poor. In this classic treatise, Engels documents, in what is today his best-known work, the terrible working conditions, rampant disease, overcrowded housing, child labor, and other horrors of the time. Originally intended for a German audience and translated for American readers in 1885 by American socialist, suffragette, and civil rights activist FLORENCE KELLEY WISCHNEWETZKY (1859-1932), this work has never been out of print. It remains a startling record of the era, and is must-reading for anyone wishing a deeper understanding of Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto, which Engels collaborated on with his friend only a few years later.
The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 with a Preface Written In 1892 by Frederick Engels Pdf
This collection of literature attempts to compile many of the classic works that have stood the test of time and offer them at a reduced, affordable price, in an attractive volume so that everyone can enjoy them.
The Condition of the Working Class in England In 1844 by Frederick Engels Pdf
Excerpt from The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844: With Appendix Written 1886, and Preface 1887 In European countries, it took the working class years and years before they fully realized the fact that they formed a distinct' and, unde1 the existing social conditions, a permanent class of modern society; and it took years again until this class-consciousness led them to form themselves into a distinct political party, independent of, and opposed to, all the old political parties formed by the vari ous sections of the ruling classes. On the more favored soil of America, where no mediaeval ruins bar the way, where history begins with the elements of modern bourgeois society as evolved in the seventeenth century, the working class passed through these two stages of its development within ten months. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
The Condition of the Working Class in England by Friedrich Engels Pdf
The Condition of the Working Class in England By Friedrich Engels The Condition of the Working Class is the best-known work of Engels, and in many ways still the best study of the working class in Victorian England. It was also Engels's first book, written during his stay in Manchester from 1842 to 1844. Manchester was then at the very heart of the Industrial Revolution and Engels compiled his study from his own observations and detailed contemporary reports. The fluency of his writing, the personal nature of his insights, and his talent for mordant satire combine to make this account of the life of the victims of early industrial change into a classic - a historical study that parallels and complements the fictional works of the time by such writers as Gaskell and Dickens. What Cobbett had done for agricultural poverty in his Rural Rides, Engels did - and more - in this work on the plight of the industrial workers in the England of the early 1840s. This edition includes the prefaces to the English and American editions, and a map of Manchester c.1845. We are delighted to publish this classic book as part of our extensive Classic Library collection. Many of the books in our collection have been out of print for decades, and therefore have not been accessible to the general public. The aim of our publishing program is to facilitate rapid access to this vast reservoir of literature, and our view is that this is a significant literary work, which deserves to be brought back into print after many decades. The contents of the vast majority of titles in the Classic Library have been scanned from the original works. To ensure a high quality product, each title has been meticulously hand curated by our staff. Our philosophy has been guided by a desire to provide the reader with a book that is as close as possible to ownership of the original work. We hope that you will enjoy this wonderful classic work, and that for you it becomes an enriching experience.
The Condition of the Working-Class in England In 1844 by Anonim Pdf
The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 with a Preface written in 1892 by Frederick Engels. Translated by Florence Kelley Wischnewetzky. The Condition of the Working Class in England is an 1845 book by the German philosopher Friedrich Engels, a study of the industrial working class in Victorian England. Engels' first book, it was originally written in German as Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse in England; an English translation was published in 1885. The state of things described in this book belongs to-day, in many respects, to the past, as far as England is concerned. Though not expressly stated in our recognised treatises, it is still a law of modern Political Economy that the larger the scale on which Capitalistic Production is carried on, the less can it support the petty devices of swindling and pilfering which characterise its early stages. The pettifogging business tricks of the Polish Jew, the representative in Europe of commerce in its lowest stage, those tricks that serve him so well in his own country, and are generally practised there, he finds to be out of date and out of place when he comes to Hamburg or Berlin; and, again, the commission p. viagent, who hails from Berlin or Hamburg, Jew or Christian, after frequenting the Manchester Exchange for a few months, finds out that, in order to buy cotton yarn or cloth cheap, he, too, had better drop those slightly more refined but still miserable wiles and subterfuges which are considered the acme of cleverness in his native country. The fact is, those tricks do not pay any longer in a large market, where time is money, and where a certain standard of commercial morality is unavoidably developed, purely as a means of saving time and trouble. And it is the same with the relation between the manufacturer and his "hands."
영어고전949 프리드리히 엥겔스의 1844년 영국 노동계급의 상황 1845(English Classics949 The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 by Friedrich Engels) by 프리드리히 엥겔스(Friedrich Engels) Pdf
▶ 프리드리히 엥겔스의 1844년 영국 노동계급의 상황 1845(The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 by Friedrich Engels)는 프리드리히 엥겔스(Friedrich Engels, 1820~1895)의 첫 번째 단행본이자 연구서입니다. 독어 원제 Die Lage der arbeitenden Klasse로, 본디 독일의 독자를 대상으로 집필한 연구서입니다만, 독어판이 출간된 후 2년 후인 1887년 플로렌스 켈리 위슈네츠키(Florence Kelley Wischnewetzky, 1859~1932)가 번역한 영문판이 출간되면서 엥겔스의 이름을 유럽 전역에 알렸습니다. 머리말(Preface)과 소개(Introduction)를 제외하고, 산업 프롤레타리아(The Industrial Proletariat)부터 프롤레타리아트에 대한 부르주아지의 태도(The Attitude Of The Bourgeoisie Towards The Proletariat)까지 포함해 총 11편의 원고를 담고 있으며, 이 책을 읽고 깊은 감명을 받은 칼 마르크스는 저자와 평생의 우정을 유지하였습니다. ▷ 엥겔스는 산업혁명의 중심지(the heart of the Industrial Revolution)인 영국 맨체스터에서 1842년부터 1844년까지 체류하면서 빅토리아 시대(Victorian England) 영국의 산업 노동자 계급(a study of the industrial working class)에 대한 상세한 현지조사와 연구를 바탕으로 집필하였습니다. 이 때문에 독자들은 산업혁명이 노동자의 처우를 악화시켰다는 증거를 다양한 측면에서 이해할 수 있습니다. 맨체스터, 리버풀, 칼라일(Carlisle) 등 산업도시(industrial town)의 사망률이 시골보다 높다는 것, 특히 질병 사망률 – 천연두(smallpox), 홍역(measles), 성홍열(scarlet fever), 백일해(whooping cough) 등이 높다는 것은 자본이 노동자의 인권과 거주환경 등을 얼마나 착취하고 있는지 여실히 보여줍니다. 자본가에 대한 엥겔스의 통렬한 비판은 이후 20세기 산업혁명 이후의 역사가들에게 지대한 영향을 미쳤으며, 이른바 마르크스주의 역사가(the Marxist historians)가 주류세력으로 부상하게 되었습니다. 19세기 중반에 쓰인 엥겔스의 통찰은 19세기 초반 코로나와 전쟁으로 고통 받는 현대의 독자들에게도 시사하는 바가 적지 않습니다. 테마여행신문 TTN Korea 영어고전(English Classics)과 함께 어제도, 오늘도, 내일도 멋진 문학여행을! B ▶ PREFACE. The book, an English translation of which is here republished, was first issued in Germany in 1845. The author, at that time, was young, twenty-four years of age, and his production bears the stamp of his youth with its good and its faulty features, of neither of which he feels ashamed. It was translated into English, in 1885, by an American lady, Mrs. F. Kelley Wischnewetzky, and published in the following year in New York. The American edition being as good as exhausted, and having never been extensively circulated on this side of the Atlantic, the present English copyright edition is brought out with the full consent of all parties interested. ▷ 머리말. 여기에 다시 출판된 영어 번역본인 이 책은 1845년 독일에서 처음 발행되었습니다. 그 당시 작가는 24세의 젊은 나이였고, 그의 작품은 그의 젊음의 흔적을 선과 결점으로 담고 있으며, 둘 다 부끄러움을 느끼지 않습니다. 이 책은 1885년 미국 여성 켈리 비슈네츠키에 의해 영어로 번역되었고, 다음 해에 뉴욕에서 출판되었습니다. 미국 판본은 소진된 것이나 다름없으며 대서양 이쪽에서 광범위하게 유통된 적이 없는 현재의 영어 판권 판본은 모든 이해관계자의 완전한 동의를 얻어 발행됩니다. ▶ INTRODUCTION. The history of the proletariat in England begins with the second half of the last century, with the invention of the steam-engine and of machinery for working cotton. These inventions gave rise, as is well known, to an industrial revolution, a revolution which altered the whole civil society; one, the historical importance of which is only now beginning to be recognised. England is the classic soil of this transformation, which was all the mightier, the more silently it proceeded; and England is, therefore, the classic land of its chief product also, the proletariat. Only in England can the proletariat be studied in all its relations and from all sides. ▷ 소개. 영국 프롤레타리아트의 역사는 지난 세기 후반에 증기 기관과 목화 가공 기계가 발명되면서 시작됩니다. 이러한 발명은 잘 알려진 바와 같이 전체 시민 사회를 변화시킨 산업 혁명을 일으켰습니다. 하나는 역사적 중요성이 이제야 인식되기 시작한 것입니다. 영국은 이러한 변화의 고전적인 토양이며, 더욱 강력할수록 더 조용하게 진행되었습니다. 그러므로 영국은 그 주요 생산물인 프롤레타리아트의 전형적인 땅입니다. 오직 영국에서만 프롤레타리아트가 모든 관계와 모든 측면에서 연구될 수 있습니다. ▶ We have not, here and now, to deal with the history of this revolution, nor with its vast importance for the present and the future. Such a delineation must be reserved for a future, more comprehensive work. For the moment, we must limit ourselves to the little that is necessary for understanding the facts that follow, for comprehending the present state of the English proletariat. ▷ 우리는 지금 여기에서 이 혁명의 역사나 현재와 미래에 대한 그 엄청난 중요성을 다룰 필요가 없습니다. 이러한 묘사는 미래의 보다 포괄적인 작업을 위해 남겨 두어야 합니다. 잠시 동안 우리는 영국 프롤레타리아트의 현재 상태를 이해하기 위해 뒤따르는 사실을 이해하는 데 필요한 약간으로 제한해야 합니다. ▶ COMPETITION. We have seen in the introduction how competition created the proletariat at the very beginning of the industrial movement, by increasing the wages of weavers in consequence of the increased demand for woven goods, so inducing the weaving peasants to abandon their farms and earn more money by devoting themselves to their looms. We have seen how it crowded out the small farmers by means of the large farm system, reduced them to the rank of proletarians, and attracted them in part into the towns; ▷ 경쟁. 서론에서 우리는 산업 운동 초기에 직조 제품에 대한 수요 증가의 결과로 직조공의 임금을 인상함으로써 경쟁이 어떻게 프롤레타리아트를 창출했는지 살펴보았습니다. 베틀에 자신을 바칩니다. 우리는 그것이 대농장 체계를 통해 소농들을 몰아내고, 그들을 프롤레타리아 계급으로 격하시키고, 부분적으로는 도시로 끌어들이는 것을 보았습니다. -목차(Index)- ▶ 프롤로그(Prologue). 테마여행신문 TTN Korea 영어고전(English Classics) 999선을 읽어야 하는 7가지 이유 ▶ 13가지 키워드로 읽는 칼 마르크스(Karl Marx, 1818~1883)와 프리드리히 엥겔스(Friedrich Engels, 1820~1895) 01. 마르크스주의(Marxism)의 원류, 카를 하인리히 마르크스(Karl Heinrich Marx, 1818~1883) 02. Marx는 마르크스일까, 맑스일까? 03. 마르크스의 영혼의 동반자, 프리드리히 엥겔스(Friedrich Engels, 1820~1895) 04. 인류 역사상 가장 유명한 공저작(共著作), 칼 마르크스와 엥겔스의 공산당 선언(The Communist Manifesto, 1848) 05. 루이 나폴레옹의 브뤼메르 18일(The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, 1852) 06. 독일의 혁명과 반혁명(Revolution and Counter-Revolution; Or, Germany in 1848, 1852) 07. 18세기의 비밀 외교사(Secret Diplomatic History of The Eighteenth Century, 1856) 08. 정치경제학 비판을 위하여(A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, 1859) 09. 자본론(資本論, Capital, 1867) 10. 애니메이션 원피스(ONE PIECE, ワンピース, 1977~) & 영풍자(领风者, The Leader, 2019) 11. 칼 마르크스(Karl Marx)를 만나는 36곳 12. 오디오북(Audio Books)으로 듣는 칼 마르크스(Karl Marx)와 프리드리히 엥겔스(Friedrich Engels) 13. 칼 마르크스(Karl Marx)와 프리드리히 엥겔스(Friedrich Engels) 어록(Quotes)(166) ▶ 프리드리히 엥겔스의 1844년 영국 노동계급의 상황 1845(The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 by Friedrich Engels) Preface Introduction The Industrial Proletariat. The Great Towns. Competition. Irish Immigration. Results. Single Branches Of Industry. Factory Hands. The Remaining Branches Of Industry. Labour Movements. The Mining Proletariat. The Agricultural Proletariat. The Attitude Of The Bourgeoisie Towards The Proletariat. Translators Note. Index Footnotes. ▶ 부록(Appendix). 세계의 고전을 여행하는 히치하이커를 위한 안내서(The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Worlds’s Classics) A01. 하버드 서점(Harvard Book Store) 직원 추천 도서 100선(Staff’s Favorite 100 Books) & 판매도서 100위(top 100 Books) A02. 서울대(Seoul University) 권장도서 100 A03. 연세대(Yonsei University) 필독도서 고전 200선 A04. 고려대(Korea University) 세종캠퍼스 권장도서 100선 A05. 서울대·연세대·고려대(SKY University) 공통 권장도서 60권 A06. 성균관대(Sungkyunkwan University) 오거서(五車書) 성균 고전 100선 A07. 경희대(Kyung Hee University) 후마니타스 칼리지(Humanitas College) 교양필독서 100선 A08. 포스텍(포항공대, POSTECH) 권장도서 100선 A09. 카이스트(KAIST) 독서마일리지제 추천도서 100권 A10. 문학상(Literary Awards) 수상작 및 추천도서(44) A11. 영어고전(English Classics) 오디오북을 무료로 듣는 5가지 방법(How to listen to FREE audio Books legally?) A12. 영화·드라마로 만나는 영어고전(Movies and TV Shows Based on English Classic Books) ▶ 테마여행신문 TTN Korea 영어고전(English Classics) 999선 ▶ 테마여행신문 TTN Korea 도서목록(1,772) ▶ 테마여행신문 TTN Korea 영어고전(English Classics) 999선 테마여행신문 TTN Korea 영어고전(English Classics) 999선은 수백 년의 세월에도 변치 않는 명저 중 대중성을 겸비한 베스트셀러를 엄선해 선정하였습니다. 조명화 편집장의 ‘키워드로 읽는 작가 & 작품’ 해설과 세계 최대의 무료 도메인 오디오북(free public domain audioBooks) 플랫폼 리브리복스(LibrIVox) 오디오북 링크를 첨부하였습니다. 수백 년의 세월에도 변치 않는 명저의 감동을 다시 한 번 확인해 보시기 바랍니다. 테마여행신문 TTN Korea 영어고전(English Classics) 999선과 함께 어제도, 오늘도, 내일도 멋진 문학여행을! ▶ 칼 마르크스 & 프리드리히 엥겔스 컬렉션(Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels Collection, 11부작) 영어고전096 칼 마르크스와 엥겔스의 공산당 선언 1848 English Classics096 The Communist Manifesto by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx 영어고전944 칼 마르크스와 엥겔스의 공산주의 선언 1848 English Classics944 Manifesto of the Communist Party by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx 영어고전945 칼 마르크스와 엥겔스의 독일의 혁명과 반혁명 1852 English Classics945 Revolution and Counter-Revolution; Or, Germany in 1848 by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx 영어고전946 칼 마르크스의 루이 보나파르트의 브뤼메르 18일 1852 English Classics946 The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte by Karl Marx 영어고전947 칼 마르크스의 18세기 비밀 외교사 1857 English Classics947 Secret Diplomatic History of The Eighteenth Century by Karl Marx 영어고전948 칼 마르크스의 정치경제학 비판을 위하여 1859 English Classics948 A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy by Karl Marx 영어고전949 프리드리히 엥겔스의 1844년 영국 노동계급의 상황 1845 English Classics949 The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 by Friedrich Engels 영어고전950 프리드리히 엥겔스의 공상적 사회주의와 과학적 사회주의 1880 English Classics950 Socialism, Utopian and Scientific by Friedrich Engels 영어고전951 프리드리히 엥겔스의 가족, 사유재산, 국가의 기원 1884 English Classics951 The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State by Friedrich Engels 영어고전952 프리드리히 엥겔스의 루트비히 포이어바흐: 사회주의 철학의 뿌리 1886 English Classics952 Feuerbach: The Roots of The Socialist Philosophy by Friedrich Engels 영어고전953 프리드리히 엥겔스의 과학적 사회주의의 랜드마크: “반뒤링론” 1877 English Classics953 Landmarks of Scientific Socialism: “Anti-Duehring” by Friedrich Engels ▶ 테마여행신문 TTN Theme Travel News Korea는 2012년부터 현재까지 1,000종 이상의 콘텐츠를 기획 및 출간한 여행 전문 디지털 콘텐츠 퍼블리셔(Digital Contents Publisher)입니다. 다양한 분야의 전문작가와 함께 신개념 여행 가이드북 원코스(1 Course), 포토에세이 원더풀(Onederful), 여행에세이 별 헤는 밤(Counting the Stars at Night) 등 전 세계를 아우르는 분야별 여행 콘텐츠를 지속적으로 발행하고 있습니다. 테마여행신문 TTN Korea(방송대 기네스상 2017 ‘최다 출간 및 최다 자격증’ 수상)와 함께 어제도, 오늘도, 내일도 멋진 여행을! ▶ Theme Travel News TTN Korea(테마여행신문 TTN Korea) is the digital content publisher that published more than 1,000 types of content since 2012. 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The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 by Frederick Engels Pdf
A town, such as London, where a man may wander for hours together without reaching the beginning of the end, without meeting the slightest hint which could lead to the inference that there is open country within reach, is a strange thing. This colossal centralisation, this heaping together of two and a half millions of human beings at one point, has multiplied the power of this two and a half millions a hundredfold; has raised London to the commercial capital of the world, created the giant docks and assembled the thousand vessels that continually cover the Thames.
The Condition of the Working-Class in England In 1844 by Frederick Engels Pdf
Friedrich Engels, sometimes anglicised as Frederick Engels, was a German philosopher, economist, historian, political theorist and revolutionary socialist. He was also a businessman, journalist and political activist, whose father was an owner of large textile factories in Salford and Barmen, Prussia. The Condition of the Working Class is the best-known work of Engels, and in many ways still the best study of the working class in Victorian England. It was also Engels's first book, written during his stay in Manchester from 1842 to 1844. Manchester was then at the very heart of the Industrial Revolution and Engels compiled his study from his own observations and detailed contemporary reports. The fluency of his writing, the personal nature of his insights, and his talent for mordant satire combine to make this account of the life of the victims of early industrial change into a classic - a historical study that parallels and complements the fictional works of the time by such writers as Gaskell and Dickens. What Cobbett had done for agricultural poverty in his Rural Rides, Engels did - and more - in this work on the plight of the industrial workers in the England of the early 1840s.
