The Conquest Of The Last Maya Kingdom

Author : Grant D. Jones
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 602 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : History
ISBN : 0804735220

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The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom by Grant D. Jones Pdf

On March 13, 1697, Spanish troops from Yucatán attacked and occupied Nojpeten, the capital of the Maya people known as Itzas, the inhabitants of the last unconquered native New World kingdom. This political and ritual center--located on a small island in a lake in the tropical forests of northern Guatemala--was densely covered with temples, royal palaces, and thatched houses, and its capture represented a decisive moment in the final chapter of the Spanish conquest of the Mayas. The capture of Nojpeten climaxed more than two years of preparation by the Spaniards, after efforts by the military forces and Franciscan missionaries to negotiate a peaceful surrender with the Itzas had been rejected by the Itza ruling council and its ruler Ajaw Kan Ek’. The conquest, far from being final, initiated years of continued struggle between Yucatecan and Guatemalan Spaniards and native Maya groups for control over the surrounding forests. Despite protracted resistance from the native inhabitants, thousands of them were forced to move into mission towns, though in 1704 the Mayas staged an abortive and bloody rebellion that threatened to recapture Nojpeten from the Spaniards. The first complete account of the conquest of the Itzas to appear since 1701, this book details the layers of political intrigue and action that characterized every aspect of the conquest and its aftermath. The author critically reexamines the extensive documentation left by the Spaniards, presenting much new information on Maya political and social organization and Spanish military and diplomatic strategy. This is not only one of the most detailed studies of any Spanish conquest in the Americas but also one of the most comprehensive reconstructions of an independent Maya kingdom in the history of Maya studies. In presenting the story of the Itzas, the author also reveals much about neighboring lowland Maya groups with whom the Itzas interacted, often violently.

Author : Matthew Restall,Florine Gabriëlle Laurence Asselbergs
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : History
ISBN : 9780271027586

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Invading Guatemala by Matthew Restall,Florine Gabriëlle Laurence Asselbergs Pdf

The invasions of Guatemala -- Pedro de Alvarado's letters to Hernando Cortes, 1524 -- Other Spanish accounts -- Nahua accounts -- Maya accounts

Author : David Drew
Publisher : Weidenfeld & Nicolson
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2015-11-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781474603300

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The Lost Chronicles Of The Maya Kings by David Drew Pdf

A fascinating history of the Maya - drawing on a wealth of recent archaeological discoveries - whose civilisation in the jungles of Central America was for almost a thousand years hidden from the world. Over the last two centuries explorers have made the most remarkable discoveries in the tropical forests of Central America. Across much of present-day Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras dozens of cities - some with populations of well over 100,000 - have been unveiled, and every year fresh reports emerge of the findings of unknown Maya ruins - great temples, palaces, towering stone pyramids and the tombs of the Maya kings. What these spectacular discoveries indicate is the former presence of an exceptionally advanced, sophisticated and complex society. Recently, major developments made in the decipherment of Maya hieroglyphics have revealed that alongside the material achievements of the Maya ran intellectual accomplishments in astronomy, maths and calendrics, seemingly tied to the complexities of Maya religion, that were remarkable for a society technically in the Stone Age. From reliefs on temple walls, from magnificent hieroglyphic stairways and from stone stelae planted by Maya rulers in the plazas of their cities, has come written history: the Chronicles of the Maya Kings. David Drew looks at why they constructed their cities in the hostile setting of the jungle, the exact age of their ruins, the strange human images depicted in elaborate costume at so many Maya sites, and he asks why at the time of the Spanish conquest, all knowledge of the Mayas had been lost.

Author : Grant D. Jones
Publisher : Grant Jones
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Mayas
ISBN : UVA:X001650962

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Maya Resistance to Spanish Rule by Grant D. Jones Pdf

Author : Jill Rubalcaba
Publisher : Infobase Publishing
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Mayas
ISBN : 9781438129525

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Empires of the Maya by Jill Rubalcaba Pdf

Long before European boats reached the shores of the Americas, sophisticated civilizations had already developed throughout the continents. The empire of the Maya, located in modern Mexico and Central America, influenced civilization there for centuries. The ancient Maya had fully developed the idea of the calendar, detailed a writing system, pioneered new ideas in agriculture, and built towering palaces and temples that still stand today. Empire of the Ancient Maya gives a brief summary of the history of the empire, placing it within the context of its time period and geographical location, and then explores the evolution of Maya civilization from its origin through the classic period to the Spanish conquest. Delving into daily life, the book includes Maya achievements in mathematics, astronomy, technology, political organization, commerce, architecture, and the arts.

Author : Gene S. Stuart,George E. Stuart
Publisher : American Society of Civil Engineers
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Central America
ISBN : IND:30000027974595

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Lost Kingdoms of the Maya by Gene S. Stuart,George E. Stuart Pdf

Splendid color photos overshadow the text. No references. No index. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : Arthur Demarest
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2004-12-09
Category : History
ISBN : 0521592240

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Ancient Maya by Arthur Demarest Pdf

In this new archaeological study, Arthur Demarest brings the lost pre-Columbian civilization of the Maya to life. In applying a holistic perspective to the most recent evidence from archaeology, paleoecology, and epigraphy, this theoretical interpretation emphasises both the brilliant rain forest adaptations of the ancient Maya and the Native American spirituality that permeated all aspects of their daily life. Demarest draws on his own discoveries and the findings of colleagues to reconstruct the complex lifeways and volatile political history of the Classic Maya states of the first to eighth centuries. He provides a new explanation of the long-standing mystery of the ninth-century abandonment of most of the great rain forest cities. Finally, he draws lessons from the history of the Classic Maya cities for contemporary society and for the ongoing struggles and resurgence of the modern Maya peoples, who are now re-emerging from six centuries of oppression.

Author : Norah Romney
Publisher : DTTV PUBLICATIONS
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2021-02-12
Category : History
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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LOST KINGDOMS OF CENTRAL AMERICA by Norah Romney Pdf

Thousands of years ago, people settled in the part of the world called Mesoamerica. This region consists of southern Mexico and most of Central America as it stretches between what is now called the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. Although many different countries now exist within this space, it was the original home to just one civilisation: the Olmec. As time advanced, other well-known groups became dominant in the area. These were primarily the Aztecs and the Mayan. All these early civilizations that existed from approximately 1200 BCE to 900 CE were steeped with culture, tradition, commerce, and conflict. They also offer many mysteries and enigmas to modern understanding. These are the things that make people wonder about how the civilisations arose, gained such power, and why they disappeared. Travel back in time to the first days to discover the questions that still exist in the minds of archaeologists, historians, and others who strive to understand the ancient mysteries of Mesoamerica.

Author : Emmanuel Kreike
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 544 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2022-10-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691200125

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Scorched Earth by Emmanuel Kreike Pdf

A global history of environmental warfare and the case for why it should be a crime The environmental infrastructure that sustains human societies has been a target and instrument of war for centuries, resulting in famine and disease, displaced populations, and the devastation of people’s livelihoods and ways of life. Scorched Earth traces the history of scorched earth, military inundations, and armies living off the land from the sixteenth to the twentieth century, arguing that the resulting deliberate destruction of the environment—"environcide"—constitutes total war and is a crime against humanity and nature. In this sweeping global history, Emmanuel Kreike shows how religious war in Europe transformed Holland into a desolate swamp where hunger and the black death ruled. He describes how Spanish conquistadores exploited the irrigation works and expansive agricultural terraces of the Aztecs and Incas, triggering a humanitarian crisis of catastrophic proportions. Kreike demonstrates how environmental warfare has continued unabated into the modern era. His panoramic narrative takes readers from the Thirty Years' War to the wars of France's Sun King, and from the Dutch colonial wars in North America and Indonesia to the early twentieth century colonial conquest of southwestern Africa. Shedding light on the premodern origins and the lasting consequences of total war, Scorched Earth explains why ecocide and genocide are not separate phenomena, and why international law must recognize environmental warfare as a violation of human rights.

Author : James D. Nations
Publisher : University of Texas Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2010-01-01
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780292778771

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The Maya Tropical Forest by James D. Nations Pdf

The Maya Tropical Forest, which occupies the lowlands of southern Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize, is the closest rainforest to the United States and one of the most popular tourist destinations in the Western Hemisphere. It has been home to the Maya peoples for nearly four millennia, starting around 1800 BC. Ancient cities in the rainforest such as Palenque, Yaxchilan, Tikal, and Caracol draw thousands of tourists and scholars seeking to learn more about the prehistoric Maya. Their contemporary descendants, the modern Maya, utilize the forest's natural resources in village life and international trade, while striving to protect their homeland from deforestation and environmental degradation. Writing for both visitors and conservationists, James Nations tells the fascinating story of how ancient and modern Maya peoples have used and guarded the rich natural resources of the Maya Tropical Forest. He opens with a natural history that profiles the forest's significant animals and plants. Nations then describes the Maya peoples, biological preserves, and major archaeological sites in Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize. Drawing on more than twenty-five years of conservation work in the Maya Tropical Forest, Nations tells first-hand stories of the creation of national parks and other protected areas to safeguard the region's natural resources and archaeological heritage. He concludes with an expert assessment of the forest's future in which he calls for expanded archaeological tourism to create an ecologically sustainable economic base for the region.

Author : Dierk Walter
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190911522

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Colonial Violence by Dierk Walter Pdf

Western interventions today have much in common with the countless violent conflicts that have occurred on Europe's periphery since the conquest of the Americas in the sixteenth century. Like their predecessors, modern imperial wars are shaped especially by spatial features and by pronounced asymmetries of military organisation, resources, modes of warfare and cultures of violence between the respective parties. Today's imperial wars are essentially civil wars, in which Western powers are only one player among many. As ever, the Western military machine is proving incapable of resolving political strife through force, or of engaging opponents with no reason to offer conventional combat, who instead rely on guerrilla warfare and terrorism. And, as they always have, local populations pay the price for these shortcomings. Colonial Violence aims to offer, for the first time, a coherent explanation of the logic of violent hostilities within the context of European expansion. Walter's analysis reveals parallels between different empires and continuities spanning historical epochs. He concludes that recent Western military interventions, from Afghanistan to Mali, are not new wars, but stand in the 500-year-old tradition of transcultural violent conflict, under the specific conditions of colonialism.

Author : Matthew Restall,Amara Solari
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190645038

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The Maya: A Very Short Introduction by Matthew Restall,Amara Solari Pdf

The Maya forged one of the greatest societies in the history of the ancient Americas and in all of human history. Long before contact with Europeans, Maya communities built spectacular cities with large, well-fed large populations. They mastered the visual arts, and developed a sophisticated writing system that recorded extraordinary knowledge in calendrics, mathematics, and astronomy. The Maya achieved all this without area-wide centralized control. There was never a single, unified Maya state or empire, but always numerous, evolving ethnic groups speaking dozens of distinct Mayan languages. The people we call "Maya" never thought of themselves as such; yet something definable, unique, and endlessly fascinating - what we call Maya culture - has clearly existed for millennia. So what was their self-identity and how did Maya civilization come to be "invented?" With the Maya historically subdivided and misunderstood in so many ways, the pursuit of what made them "the Maya" is all the more important. In this Very Short Introduction, Restall and Solari explore the themes of Maya identity, city-state political culture, art and architecture, the Maya concept of the cosmos, and the Maya experience of contact with including invasion by outsiders. Despite its brevity, this book is unique for its treatment of all periods of Maya civilization, from its origins to the present.

Author : Dana Velasco Murillo,Robert C. Schwaller
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9781040029664

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Overlooked Places and Peoples by Dana Velasco Murillo,Robert C. Schwaller Pdf

This book examines the hemispheric histories of overlooked peoples and places that shaped colonial Spanish America. This volume focuses on the experiences of Native peoples, Africans and Afro-descended peoples, and castas (individuals of mixed ancestry) living in regions perceived as fringe, marginal, or peripheral. It covers a comprehensive geographic range including northern Mexico, Central America, the Circum-Caribbean, and South America, as well as a sweeping chronological period, from the earliest colonization episodes of the sixteenth century to the twilight of Spanish rule in the late eighteenth century. The chapters highlight the diverse peoples, from semisedentary and nonsedentary Native groups and Mosquito captains to free African governors—who lived, labored, fought, ruled, and formed communities across Spanish America. The volume examines how these overlooked peoples navigated colonial processes of conquest, displacement, and relocation, while drawing attention to local factors that influenced these experiences including ecological change, rivalries, diplomacy, contraband, time and distance, and geography. Through their analysis of the local and temporal contexts, the studies in this volume offer new insight into why the protagonists of these places responded contentiously—through resistance or flight—or cooperatively—by accepting treaties or alliances. Non-specialists-undergraduate students, booksellers, and librarians will be drawn to the individuals case studies, while scholars will find this collection to be an indispensable research tool.

Author : A.J. Kingston
Publisher : A.J. Kingston
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 101-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781839384523

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Mayan Kingdom by A.J. Kingston Pdf

Introducing the "MAYAN KINGDOM" Book Bundle: Unveil the Enigma of Ancient Maya Civilization Unlock the captivating secrets of the Mayan civilization with our exclusive "MAYAN KINGDOM" book bundle. Delve into the intricate tapestry of Mayan mythology, astronomy, cosmology, and religion that shaped the destiny of an extraordinary civilization. This meticulously crafted collection is your passport to a journey through time, offering a comprehensive exploration of the Mayan legacy across four remarkable books: Book 1 - Dawning of the Jaguar Empire: Rise of the Mayan Kingdom (300 BCE - 250 CE) Step into the ancient past and witness the birth of a majestic empire. Explore the grandeur of the Mayan Kingdom as it emerges from the shadows of history. Unearth the foundations of their civilization, the birth of urban centers, and the rise of powerful dynasties that shaped their destiny. Book 2 - Glyphs of Eternal Wisdom: Exploring Mayan Cosmology and Knowledge (600 - 900 CE) Embark on a mesmerizing journey through the heart of Mayan cosmology. Decode the enigmatic glyphs and unravel the intricate web of their astronomical knowledge. Immerse yourself in their sacred calendar systems, celestial alignments, and cosmic perspectives that guided their lives and rituals. Book 3 - Scepters and Sacrifices: Collapse and Transformation of the Mayan Civilization (900 - 1200 CE) Witness the dramatic transformations and challenges faced by the Mayan civilization during its twilight years. Discover the factors that led to their decline and the resilience of their cultural spirit amidst adversity. Explore the remnants of abandoned cities and unravel the mysteries of their fading glyphs. Book 4 - Resurgence of the Resplendent Quetzal: Rediscovering the Ancient Mayan Legacy (20th Century - Present) Experience the reawakening of the Mayan legacy in the modern era. From archaeological awakenings to cultural revivals, trace the steps of explorers, scholars, and indigenous communities as they breathe new life into ancient traditions. Delve into the impact of the Mayan civilization on contemporary culture, art, and spirituality. Why Choose the "MAYAN KINGDOM" Book Bundle? 🌟 Comprehensive Exploration: Dive deep into the multifaceted aspects of Mayan civilization, from its rise to its enduring legacy. 🌟 Expert Insights: Benefit from the expertise of renowned scholars and researchers who bring the Mayan world to life. 🌟 Stunning Visuals: Immerse yourself in vivid illustrations, photographs, and maps that transport you to the heart of Mayan cities and rituals. 🌟 Engaging Narrative: Experience the captivating story of the Mayan civilization through well-crafted prose that bridges the ancient and the modern. 🌟 Thought-Provoking Reflections: Discover the profound impact of the Mayan legacy on our understanding of history, culture, and human spirituality. Unveil the captivating mysteries of the Mayan Kingdom with the "MAYAN KINGDOM" book bundle. Whether you're an enthusiast of ancient civilizations, a history aficionado, or a seeker of cosmic wisdom, this collection promises an unforgettable journey into the heart of one of the world's most remarkable civilizations. Order now and embark on a voyage through time, myth, and culture that will leave you enriched and inspired.

Author : David Freidel,Linda Schele
Publisher : William Morrow Paperbacks
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1992-01-24
Category : History
ISBN : 0688112048

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A Forest of Kings by David Freidel,Linda Schele Pdf

The recent interpretation of Maya hieroglyphs has given us the first written history of the New World as it existed before the European invasion. In this book, two of the first central figures in the massive effort to decode the glyphs, Linda Schele and David Freidel, make this history available in all its detail. A Forest of Kings is the story of Maya kingship, from the beginning of its institution and the first great pyramid builders two thousand years ago to the decline of Maya civilization and its destruction by the Spanish. Here the great historic rulers of pre-Columbian civilization come to life again with the decipherment of their writing. At its height, Maya civilization flourished under great kings like Shield-Jaguar, who ruled for more than sixty years, expanding his kingdom and building some of the most impressive works of architecture in the ancient world. Long placed on a mist-shrouded pedestal as austere, peaceful stargazers, the Maya elites are now known to have been the rulers of populous, aggressive city-states. Hailed as "a Rosetta stone of Maya civilization" (Brian M. Fagan, author of People of the Earth), A Forest of Kings is "a must for interested readers," says Evon Vogt, professor of anthropology at Harvard University.