The Costs Of Inequality In Latin America

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The Costs of Inequality in Latin America

Diego Sánchez-Ancochea
The Costs of Inequality in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Diego Sánchez-Ancochea
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Equality
ISBN : 1838606270

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The Costs of Inequality in Latin America by Diego Sánchez-Ancochea Pdf

"From the United States to the United Kingdom and from China to India, growing inequality has led to social discontent and the emergence of populist parties, also contributing to economic crises. We urgently need a better understanding of the roots and costs of growing income gaps. The Costs of Inequality draws on the experience of Latin America, one of the most unequal regions of the world, using historical examples from different countries to demonstrate how inequality has hampered economic growth and contributed to a lack of good jobs. Across the region, the wealthy have faced limited incentives to move into new sectors and the poor have not had enough resources to invest in new projects. In fact, low growth, exclusionary politics, violence and social mistrust have reinforced inequality, generating various vicious circles. Latin America thus provides a disturbing image of what the future may hold in other countries"--

The Costs of Inequality in Latin America

Diego Sánchez-Ancochea
The Costs of Inequality in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Diego Sánchez-Ancochea
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2020-12-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781838606251

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The Costs of Inequality in Latin America by Diego Sánchez-Ancochea Pdf

From the United States to the United Kingdom and from China to India, growing inequality has led to social discontent and the emergence of populist parties, also contributing to economic crises. We urgently need a better understanding of the roots and costs of these income gaps. The Costs of Inequality draws on the experience of Latin America, one of the most unequal regions of the world, to demonstrate how inequality has hampered economic growth, contributed to a lack of good jobs, weakened democracy, and led to social divisions and mistrust. In turn, low growth, exclusionary politics, violence and social mistrust have reinforced inequality, generating various vicious circles. Latin America thus provides a disturbing image of what the future may hold in other countries if we do not act quickly. It also provides some useful lessons on how to fight income concentration and build more equitable societies.

Coping with Austerity

Nora Claudia Lustig
Coping with Austerity Book PDF

Author : Nora Claudia Lustig
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 492 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2010-12-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0815708025

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Coping with Austerity by Nora Claudia Lustig Pdf

Concern about the pervasiveness of poverty and income inequality in Latin America goes beyond the issue of social justice. The persistence of mass poverty and inequality pits different social groups against one another and leads to a polarization that makes consistent economic policy formation difficult. National productivity may also suffer in economies with poorly educated workforces lacking adequate health care. Statistics on poverty and inequality in Latin America are rudimentary and often conflicting. Yet it is known that poverty became more widespread in the region during the last decade as it experienced economic decline. About 180 million people, or two out of every five in the area, are now living in poverty—some 50 million more than in 1980. It is also known that income and wealth are far more unequally distributed in Latin America than in most other developing regions. This book provides a much-needed assessment of how poverty, inequality, and social indicators have fared in several Latin American countries over the past decade. Experts from Latin America and the U.S. focus attention on the extent of poverty and inequality and how they have been affected by the debt crisis and adjustment of the 1980s. They explain that issues of poverty and inequality were neglected as governments in Latin America struggled to restore stability and growth to their economies. Social sector spending declined sharply, affecting both the quality and quantity of services provided. The contributors examine how poverty and inequality are—or are not—being addressed in each country. They also explore the viability of alternative approaches to combating poverty and reducing inequality. They explain that virtually no one denies that governments must take a leading role in the provision of health, education, and other social services. Yet there are sharp debates--over the compatibility of social spending with economic adjustment and stabilization; the priority of social expenditures in relation to other governmental spending; the allocation of funds among different social programs; who should, and should not, benefit; and who should pay the costs. They show that the poor and middle sectors had to pay dearly because their governments, the international community, and the families themselves were not prepared to deal with austerity. The book contains eleven chapters by contributors from universities and research institutions in the U.S. and Latin America, as well as from international financial organizations. It is the result of a project cosponsored by Inter-American Dialogue.

Inequality in Latin America

David M. De Ferranti
Inequality in Latin America Book PDF

Author : David M. De Ferranti
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821356654

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Inequality in Latin America by David M. De Ferranti Pdf

Latin America and the Caribbean has been one of the regions of the world with the greatest inequality. This book explores why the region suffers from such persistent inequality, identifies how it hampers development, and suggests ways to achieve greater equity in the distribution of wealth, incomes and opportunities. The study draws on data from 20 countries based on household surveys covering 3.6 million people, and reviews extensive economic, sociological and political science studies on inequality in Latin America. Four broad areas for action by governments and civil society groups to break the destructive pattern are outlined: (1) build more open political and social institutions, that allow the poor and historically subordinate groups to gain a greater share of agency, voice and power in society; (2) ensure that economic institutions and policies seek greater equity, through sound macroeconomic management and equitable, efficient crisis resolution institutions, that avoid the large regressive redistributions that occur during crises, and that allow for saving in good times to enhance access by the poor to social safety nets in bad times; (3) increase access by the poor to high-quality public services, especially education, health, water and electricity, as well as access to farmland and the rural services, and protect and enforce the property rights of the urban poor; (4) reform income transfer programmes so that they reach the poorest families.

Wage Inequality in Latin America

Julián Messina,Joana Silva
Wage Inequality in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Julián Messina,Joana Silva
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464810404

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Wage Inequality in Latin America by Julián Messina,Joana Silva Pdf

What caused the decline in wage inequality of the 2000s in Latin America? Looking to the future, will the current economic slowdown be regressive? Wage Inequality in Latin America: Understanding the Past to Prepare for the Future addresses these two questions by reviewing relevant literature and providing new evidence on what we know from the conceptual, empirical, and policy perspectives. The answer to the fi rst question can be broken down into several parts, although the bottom line is that the changes in wage inequality resulted from a combination of three forces: (a) education expansion and its eff ect on falling returns to skill (the supply-side story); (b) shifts in aggregate domestic demand; and (c) exchange rate appreciation from the commodity boom and the associated shift to the nontradable sector that changed interfi rm wage diff erences. Other forces had a non-negligible but secondary role in some countries, while they were not present in others. These include the rapid increase of the minimum wage and a rapid trend toward formalization of employment, which played a supporting role but only during the boom. Understanding the forces behind recent trends also helps to shed light on the second question. The analysis in this volume suggests that the economic slowdown is putting the brakes on the reduction of inequality in Latin America and will likely continue to do so—but it might not actually reverse the region’s movement toward less wage inequality.

Capital, Power, And Inequality In Latin America

Sandor Halebsky
Capital Power And Inequality In Latin America Book PDF

Author : Sandor Halebsky
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429970412

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Capital, Power, And Inequality In Latin America by Sandor Halebsky Pdf

Over the last two decades, economic, political, and social life in Latin America has been transformed by the region’s accelerated integration into the global economy. Although this transformation has tended to exacerbate various inequities, new forms of popular expression and action challenging the contemporary structures of capital and power have also developed. This volume is a comprehensive, genuinely comparative text on contemporary Latin America. In it, an international group of contributors offer multidimensional analyses of the historical context, contemporary character, and future direction of rural transformation, urbanization, economic restructuring, and the transition to political democracy. In addition, individual essays address the changing role of women, the influence of religion, the growth of new social movements, the struggles of indigenous peoples, and ecological issues. Finally, the book examines the influence of U.S. policy and of regionalization and globalization on the Latin American states. Sandor Halebsky is professor of sociology at Saint Mary’s University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He coedited Cuba in Transition: Crisis and Transformation (Westview, 1992). Richard L. Harris is chair of the faculty at Golden Gate University in Monterey, California. He is one of the coordinating editors of the journal Latin American Perspectives and the author of Marxism, Socialism, and Democracy in Latin America (Westview, 1992).

Falling Inequality in Latin America

Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Falling Inequality in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Giovanni Andrea Cornia
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780198701804

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Falling Inequality in Latin America by Giovanni Andrea Cornia Pdf

"A study prepared by the United Nations University, World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER)

Commodity Cycles, Inequality, and Poverty in Latin America

Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan,Sandra Lizarazo,Marika Santoro,Mr. Frederik G Toscani,Mr. Mauricio Vargas
Commodity Cycles Inequality and Poverty in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan,Sandra Lizarazo,Marika Santoro,Mr. Frederik G Toscani,Mr. Mauricio Vargas
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 123 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484326091

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Commodity Cycles, Inequality, and Poverty in Latin America by Mr. Ravi Balakrishnan,Sandra Lizarazo,Marika Santoro,Mr. Frederik G Toscani,Mr. Mauricio Vargas Pdf

Over the past decades, inequality has risen not just in advanced economies but also in many emerging market and developing economies, becoming one of the key global policy challenges. And throughout the 20th century, Latin America was associated with some of the world’s highest levels of inequality. Yet something interesting happened in the first decade and a half of the 21st century. Latin America was the only region in the World to have experienced significant declines in inequality in that period. Poverty also fell in Latin America, although this was replicated in other regions, and Latin America started from a relatively low base. Starting around 2014, however, and even before the COVID-19 pandemic hit, poverty and inequality gains had already slowed in Latin America and, in some cases, gone into reverse. And the COVID-19 shock, which is still playing out, is likely to dramatically worsen short-term poverty and inequality dynamics. Against this background, this departmental paper investigates the link between commodity prices, and poverty and inequality developments in Latin America.

A Moment of Equality for Latin America?

Barbara Fritz,Lena Lavinas
A Moment of Equality for Latin America Book PDF

Author : Barbara Fritz,Lena Lavinas
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317187578

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A Moment of Equality for Latin America? by Barbara Fritz,Lena Lavinas Pdf

Unlike other regions around the world, several Latin American countries have managed to reduce income inequality over the last decade. Higher growth rates and growing employment, but also innovative wage policies and social programs, have contributed to reducing poverty and narrow income disparities. Yet, despite this progress, nation-states in the region demonstrate little capacity to substantially change their patterns of deeply rooted inequalities. Focusing on the limits and challenges of redistributive policies in Latin America, this volume synthesizes and updates the discussion of inequality in the region, introducing the perspective of global and transnational interdependencies. The book explores the extent to which redistributive policies have been interlinked with the provision and quality of public goods as well as with structural changes of the productive sector. Inspired by structuralist and neostructuralist thinking of Latin American economists, such as Raúl Prebisch and Celso Furtado, authors question the redistributive impact of the interplay of recent macroeconomic, fiscal and social policies, particularly under left and center-left administrations committed to greater equality. Bringing together experts in social, fiscal and macroeconomic policies to investigate the interdependent and global character of inequalities, this book will appeal to scholars of sociology, economics, development and politics with interests in Latin America, inequality and public policy.

Has Latin American Inequality Changed Direction?

Luis Bértola,Jeffrey Williamson
Has Latin American Inequality Changed Direction Book PDF

Author : Luis Bértola,Jeffrey Williamson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 419 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2017-01-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783319446219

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Has Latin American Inequality Changed Direction? by Luis Bértola,Jeffrey Williamson Pdf

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book brings together a range of ideas and theories to arrive at a deeper understanding of inequality in Latin America and its complex realities. To so, it addresses questions such as: What are the origins of inequality in Latin America? How can we create societies that are more equal in terms of income distribution, gender equality and opportunities? How can we remedy the social divide that is making Latin America one of the most unequal regions on earth? What are the roles played by market forces, institutions and ideology in terms of inequality? In this book, a group of global experts gathered by the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), part of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), show readers how various types of inequality, such as economical, educational, racial and gender inequality have been practiced in countries like Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico and many others through the centuries. Presenting new ideas, new evidence, and new methods, the book subsequently analyzes how to move forward with second-generation reforms that lay the foundations for more egalitarian societies. As such, it offers a valuable and insightful guide for development economists, historians and Latin American specialists alike, as well as students, educators, policymakers and all citizens with an interest in development, inequality and the Latin American region.

Overcoming Inequality in Latin America

Ricardo Gottschalk,Patricia Justino
Overcoming Inequality in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Ricardo Gottschalk,Patricia Justino
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2007-04-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134230136

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Overcoming Inequality in Latin America by Ricardo Gottschalk,Patricia Justino Pdf

Latin America is faced with the challenge of achieving the Millennium Developmental Goal to halve poverty in the region by 2015. Historically, this region has experienced persistently high levels of inequality and poverty, the causes and consequences of which are analytically examined here. Adopting a multidimensional approach, this informative book focuses on the mechanisms that lead to higher inequality and emphasizes the role of macroeconomics, trade rules, capital flows and the political electoral process. It analyzes how inequality has hindered development, how it interacts with a nation’s economic, social and political processes, and how inequality constrains these processes in ways that weakens the prospect of establishing and sustaining a dynamic, wealthy and creative society. An international team of specialist contributors investigate and explain these crucial issues. Examining the key economic policies and reforms which have exacerbated the region’s extremely high inequality levels, throughout this book they prescribe an alternative range of policy suggestions to help alleviate inequality and provide the foundations for more equitable development.

Persistence and Emergencies of Inequalities in Latin America

Pablo Vommaro,Pablo Baisotti
Persistence and Emergencies of Inequalities in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Pablo Vommaro,Pablo Baisotti
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030904951

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Persistence and Emergencies of Inequalities in Latin America by Pablo Vommaro,Pablo Baisotti Pdf

This book adopts a multidimensional approach to analyze both the historical and emerging factors that contribute to make Latin America and the Caribbean the most unequal region in the world. Social inequality is a historical characteristic of the region, but at the beginning of the 21st century, a handful of progressive governments seemed to be adopting policies that could reduce this historical trend. Many of these efforts, however, were blocked or reversed by the COVID-19 pandemic, which both exposed the persistence of historical trends and contributed to the emergency of new forms of inequality in the region. The different chapters in this contributed volume adopt a multidimensional, intersectional, perspective to analyze both the persistence and the emergency of social devices of production and reproduction of inequalities in the diverse Latin American and Caribbean temporal spatialities. The issues analyzed in the different chapters revolve around four main axes: a) persistence of generational and intergenerational inequalities; b) structural gender inequality; c) intertwined social inequalities: race, class and social structure and; c) historical and economic dimension of inequality. Persistence and Emergencies of Inequalities in Latin America: A Multidimensional Approach will be of interest to researchers interested in the study of social inequality and social justice in different fields of the human and social sciences, such as sociology, political science, history, economics, anthropology and education. It will also be a valuable tool for policy makers and social activists engaged in the discussion, advocacy and implementation of public policies aimed at reducing social inequalities.

Poverty, Inequality, and Human Capital Development in Latin America, 1950-2025

Juan Luis Londoño de la Cuesta
Poverty Inequality and Human Capital Development in Latin America 1950 2025 Book PDF

Author : Juan Luis Londoño de la Cuesta
Publisher : Washington, D.C. : World Bank
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822023666910

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Poverty, Inequality, and Human Capital Development in Latin America, 1950-2025 by Juan Luis Londoño de la Cuesta Pdf

Presents and analyzes data on extent of and trends in poverty from 1950-94. Uses these trends to project poverty to 2025. Concludes that rapid decreases in poverty will occur only if region devotes significantly more resources to education--Handbook ofLatin American Studies, v. 57.

Economic Reforms, Growth and Inequality in Latin America

Gustavo Indart
Economic Reforms Growth and Inequality in Latin America Book PDF

Author : Gustavo Indart
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-04
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351159340

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Economic Reforms, Growth and Inequality in Latin America by Gustavo Indart Pdf

Originally published in 2004. Growth, income distribution, and labour markets are issues of pivotal importance in the Latin American context. Examining unique theoretical issues and the empirical evidence, this book provides a critical analysis of the key elements of income distribution determinants, labour market functions, trade policies, and their interrelations. As the advance of globalization becomes seemingly unstoppable, this book provides an important reappraisal of the impact of this new phenomenon, and in particular, the pernicious impact it may have on income growth and distribution. The key objective of the volume is to integrate more fully the analysis of trade and labour market economists, in order to better understand the labour market and income distribution implications of globalization and international integration. Forty years after the early calls to appropriately investigate the micro foundations of macroeconomics, the separation of the two at the policy level is more damaging than ever before - particularly for developing regions; this volume therefore makes an important contribution at the theoretical and policy levels by bringing together macroeconomic and microeconomic analyses.

Has Latin America Always Been Unequal?

Ewout Frankema
Has Latin America Always Been Unequal Book PDF

Author : Ewout Frankema
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789047429357

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Has Latin America Always Been Unequal? by Ewout Frankema Pdf

Employing comparative and quantitative historical methods Frankema explores long run trends of asset and income distribution in Latin America, arguing that there is little reason to regard the yawning gap between rich and poor as the persistent result of a colonial heritage.