The Creation Of Scientific Effects

Author : Jed Z. Buchwald
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 497 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2011-01-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226078915

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The Creation of Scientific Effects by Jed Z. Buchwald Pdf

This book is an attempt to reconstitute the tacit knowledge—the shared, unwritten assumptions, values, and understandings—that shapes the work of science. Jed Z. Buchwald uses as his focus the social and intellectual world of nineteenth-century German physics. Drawing on the lab notes, published papers, and unpublished manuscripts of Heinrich Hertz, Buchwald recreates Hertz's 1887 invention of a device that produced electromagnetic waves in wires. The invention itself was serendipitous and the device was quickly transformed, but Hertz's early experiments led to major innovations in electrodynamics. Buchwald explores the difficulty Hertz had in reconciling the theories of other physicists, including Hermann von Helmholtz and James Clerk Maxwell, and he considers the complex and often problematic connections between theory and experiment. In this first detailed scientific biography of Hertz and his scientific community, Buchwald demonstrates that tacit knowledge can be recovered so that we can begin to identify the unspoken rules that govern scientific practice.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Capital productivity
ISBN : UCSD:31822016158842

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The Impact of Research and Development on Productivity Growth by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1963
Category : Research
ISBN : MINN:30000011025016

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Current Projects on Economic and Social Implications of Scientific Research and Development by Anonim Pdf

Author : John L. Heilbron
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 994 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2003-02-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 0195112296

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The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science by John L. Heilbron Pdf

Containing 609 encyclopedic articles written by more than 200 prominent scholars, The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science presents an unparalleled history of the field invaluable to anyone with an interest in the technology, ideas, discoveries, and learned institutions that have shaped our world over the past five centuries. Focusing on the period from the Renaissance to the early twenty-first century, the articles cover all disciplines (Biology, Alchemy, Behaviorism), historical periods (the Scientific Revolution, World War II, the Cold War), concepts (Hypothesis, Space and Time, Ether), and methodologies and philosophies (Observation and Experiment, Darwinism). Coverage is international, tracing the spread of science from its traditional centers and explaining how the prevailing knowledge of non-Western societies has modified or contributed to the dominant global science as it is currently understood. Revealing the interplay between science and the wider culture, the Companion includes entries on topics such as minority groups, art, religion, and science's practical applications. One hundred biographies of the most iconic historic figures, chosen for their contributions to science and the interest of their lives, are also included. Above all The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science is a companion to world history: modern in coverage, generous in breadth, and cosmopolitan in scope. The volume's utility is enhanced by a thematic outline of the entire contents, a thorough system of cross-referencing, and a detailed index that enables the reader to follow a specific line of inquiry along various threads from multiple starting points. Each essay has numerous suggestions for further reading, all of which favor literature that is accessible to the general reader, and a bibliographical essay provides a general overview of the scholarship in the field. Lastly, as a contribution to the visual appeal of the Companion, over 100 black-and-white illustrations and an eight-page color section capture the eye and spark the imagination.

Author : Lydia Patton
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781136626890

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Philosophy, Science, and History by Lydia Patton Pdf

Philosophy, Science, and History: A Guide and Reader is a compact overview of the history and philosophy of science that aims to introduce students to the groundwork of the field, and to stimulate innovative research. The general introduction focuses on scientific theory change, assessment, discovery, and pursuit. Part I of the Reader begins with classic texts in the history of logical empiricism, including Reichenbach’s discovery-justification distinction. With careful reference to Kuhn’s analysis of scientific revolutions, the section provides key texts analyzing the relationship of HOPOS to the history of science, including texts by Santayana, Rudwick, and Shapin and Schaffer. Part II provides texts illuminating central debates in the history of science and its philosophy. These include the history of natural philosophy (Descartes, Newton, Leibniz, Kant, Hume, and du Châtelet in a new translation); induction and the logic of discovery (including the Mill-Whewell debate, Duhem, and Hanson); and catastrophism versus uniformitarianism in natural history (Playfair on Hutton and Lyell; de Buffon, Cuvier, and Darwin). The editor’s introductions to each section provide a broader perspective informed by contemporary research in each area, including related topics. Each introduction furnishes proposals, including thematic bibliographies, for innovative research questions and projects in the classroom and in the field.

Author : Iwan Rhys Morus
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2017-06-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191640315

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The Oxford Illustrated History of Science by Iwan Rhys Morus Pdf

The Oxford Illustrated History of Science is the first ever fully illustrated global history of science, from Aristotle to the atom bomb - and beyond. The first part of the book tells the story of science in both East and West from antiquity to the Enlightenment: from the ancient Mediterranean world to ancient China; from the exchanges between Islamic and Christian scholars in the Middle Ages to the Chinese invention of gunpowder, paper, and the printing press; from the Scientific Revolution of sixteenth and seventeenth century Europe to the intellectual ferment of the eighteenth century. The chapters that follow focus on the increasingly specialized story of science since end of the eighteenth century, covering experimental science in the laboratory from Michael Faraday to CERN; the exploration of nature, from intrepid Victorian explorers to twentieth century primatologists; the mapping of the universe, from the discovery of Uranus to Big Bang theory; the impact of evolutionary ideas, from Lamarck, Darwin, and Wallace to DNA; and the story of theoretical physics, from James Clark Maxwell to Quantum Theory and beyond. A concluding chapter reflects on how scientists have communicated their work to a wider public, from the Great Exhibition of 1851 to the internet in the early twenty-first century.

Author : Jed Z. Buchwald
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1995-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 0226078906

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Scientific Practice by Jed Z. Buchwald Pdf

Most recent work on the nature of experiment in physics has focused on "big science"—the large-scale research addressed in Andrew Pickering's Constructing Quarks and Peter Galison's How Experiments End. This book examines small-scale experiment in physics, in particular the relation between theory and practice. The contributors focus on interactions among the people, materials, and ideas involved in experiments—factors that have been relatively neglected in science studies. The first half of the book is primarily philosophical, with contributions from Andrew Pickering, Peter Galison, Hans Radder, Brian Baigrie, and Yves Gingras. Among the issues they address are the resources deployed by theoreticians and experimenters, the boundaries that constrain theory and practice, the limits of objectivity, the reproducibility of results, and the intentions of researchers. The second half is devoted to historical case studies in the practice of physics from the early nineteenth to the early twentieth century. These chapters address failed as well as successful experimental work ranging from Victorian astronomy through Hertz's investigation of cathode rays to Trouton's attempt to harness the ether. Contributors to this section are Jed Z. Buchwald, Giora Hon, Margaret Morrison, Simon Schaffer, and Andrew Warwick. With a lucid introduction by Ian Hacking, and original articles by noted scholars in the history and philosophy of science, this book is poised to become a significant source on the nature of small-scale experiment in physics.

Author : Thomas S. Kuhn
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Historia de la fisica
ISBN : 0226458032

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The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn Pdf

Author : Ivor Grattan-Guinness
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 1040 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2005-02-11
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0080457444

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Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940 by Ivor Grattan-Guinness Pdf

This book contains around 80 articles on major writings in mathematics published between 1640 and 1940. All aspects of mathematics are covered: pure and applied, probability and statistics, foundations and philosophy. Sometimes two writings from the same period and the same subject are taken together. The biography of the author(s) is recorded, and the circumstances of the preparation of the writing are given. When the writing is of some lengths an analytical table of its contents is supplied. The contents of the writing is reviewed, and its impact described, at least for the immediate decades. Each article ends with a bibliography of primary and secondary items. First book of its kind Covers the period 1640-1940 of massive development in mathematics Describes many of the main writings of mathematics Articles written by specialists in their field

Author : James Clerk Maxwell
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 996 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 0521256275

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The Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell: Volume 3, 1874-1879 by James Clerk Maxwell Pdf

This is a comprehensive edition of Maxwell's manuscript papers published virtually complete and largely for the first time.

Author : Peter Graf (PhD.),Nobuo Ohta
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Medical
ISBN : 026207236X

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Lifespan Development of Human Memory by Peter Graf (PhD.),Nobuo Ohta Pdf

An original approach to memory development that views memory as a continuous process of growth and loss over the human lifespan rather than as a series of separate periods. Until recently, the vast majority of memory research used only university students and other young adults as subjects. Although such research successfully introduced new methodologies and theoretical concepts, it created a bias in our understanding of the lifespan development of memory. This book signals a departure from young-adult-centered research. It views the lifespan development of memory as a continuous process of growth and loss, where each phase of development raises unique questions favoring distinct research methods and theoretical approaches. Drawing on a broad range of investigative strategies, the book lays the foundation for a comprehensive understanding of the lifespan development of human memory. Topics include the childhood and adulthood development of working memory, episodic and autobiographical memory, and prospective memory, as well as the breakdown of memory functions in Alzheimer's disease. Of particular interest is the rich diversity of approaches, methods, and theories. The book takes an interdisciplinary perspective, drawing on work from psychology, psychiatry, gerontology, and biochemistry.

Author : Rodrigues, Susana,Mourato, Joaquim
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2023-06-21
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781668467039

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The Impact of HEIs on Regional Development: Facts and Practices of Collaborative Work With SMEs by Rodrigues, Susana,Mourato, Joaquim Pdf

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are providers of knowledge and competencies. HEIs are very important to the development of society and the regions they impact geographically. The current uncertainty and challenges require new ways of educating. They require the use of new pedagogical tools that prepare students to deal with real and future problems, train them to deliver solutions, help them to analyze challenges and create future scenarios, and engage them in collaborative work toward the creation of innovation. Collaborative work between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and HEIs broadens networking, stimulates research, accelerates innovation, and nurtures regional development. The Impact of HEIs on Regional Development: Facts and Practices of Collaborative Work With SMEs shares the best practices of implemented co-creation innovation processes by HEIs. It describes the pedagogical processes and tools used to respond to SME challenges. Covering topics such as innovation co-creation networks, sustainable development, and teaching entrepreneurship, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for policymakers, administrators, educators and students of higher education, practitioners, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

Author : Marc Rothenberg
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 637 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : History
ISBN : 9780815307624

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The History of Science in the United States by Marc Rothenberg Pdf

Annotation This Encyclopedia examines all aspects of the history of science in the United States with a special emphasis placed on the historiography of science in America. Contains more than 500 entries written by experts in the field.

Author : National Science Foundation (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 160 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Research
ISBN : MINN:30000011054057

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Annual Report for Fiscal Year ... by National Science Foundation (U.S.) Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Sustainable Water and Environmental Management in the California Bay-Delta
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2010-08-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309128025

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A Scientific Assessment of Alternatives for Reducing Water Management Effects on Threatened and Endangered Fishes in California's Bay-Delta by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,Water Science and Technology Board,Committee on Sustainable Water and Environmental Management in the California Bay-Delta Pdf

California's Bay-Delta estuary is a biologically diverse estuarine ecosystem that plays a central role in the distribution of California's water from the state's wetter northern regions to its southern, arid, and populous cities and agricultural areas. Recently, the Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service required changes (reasonable and prudent alternatives, or RPAs) in water operations and related actions to avoid jeopardizing the continued existence and potential for recovery of threatened species of fish. Those changes have reduced the amount of water available for other uses, and the tensions that resulted have been exacerbated by recent dry years. The complexity of the problem of the decline of the listed species and the difficulty of identifying viable solutions have led to disagreements, including concerns that some of the actions in the RPAs might be ineffective and might cause harm and economic disruptions to water users, and that some of the actions specified in the RPAs to help one or more of the listed species might harm others. In addition, some have suggested that the agencies might be able to meet their legal obligation to protect species with less economic disruptions to other water users. The National Research Council examines the issue in the present volume to conclude that most of the actions proposed by two federal agencies to protect endangered and threatened fish species through water diversions in the California Bay-Delta are "scientifically justified." But less well-supported by scientific analyses is the basis for the specific environmental triggers that would indicate when to reduce the water diversions required by the actions.