The Cultural Authority Of Science

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The Cultural Authority of Science

Martin W Bauer,Petra Pansegrau,Rajesh Shukla
The Cultural Authority of Science Book PDF

Author : Martin W Bauer,Petra Pansegrau,Rajesh Shukla
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2018-09-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351670715

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The Cultural Authority of Science by Martin W Bauer,Petra Pansegrau,Rajesh Shukla Pdf

The cultural authority of science is the authority that is granted to science in any particular context. This authority is as much a matter of image and perceived legitimacy as of statutory guarantee. However, while authority can be charismatic, based on tradition or based on competence, we would assume that science aims to be an authority of competence. To what extent does science have the last word, or stand above opinion on public issues? This Indo-European led collaboration aims to map the cultural authority of science, and to construct a system of indicators to observe this ‘science culture’ based on artefacts (science news analysis) and espoused beliefs and evaluations (public attitude data). Indeed, through a series of studies the authors examine the cultural authority of science in light of the challenges posed by European, Asian, African and American developments and debates. In particular, two main ideas are examined: the ‘Lighthouse’ model, whereby science is shining into a stormy sea of ignorance and mistrust; and the ‘Bungee Jump’ model, which demonstrates how science occasionally experiences a rough ride against a backdrop of goodwill. Presenting expertise in discourse analysis, computer-assisted text analysis and largescale survey analysis, The Cultural Authority of Science will be of interest to a global audience concerned with the standing of science in society. In particular, it may appeal to scholars and students of fields such as sociology of science, science communication, science studies, scientometrics, innovation studies and social psychology.

Cultural Boundaries of Science

Thomas F. Gieryn
Cultural Boundaries of Science Book PDF

Author : Thomas F. Gieryn
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2022-03-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226824420

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Cultural Boundaries of Science by Thomas F. Gieryn Pdf

Why is science so credible? Usual answers center on scientists' objective methods or their powerful instruments. In his new book, Thomas Gieryn argues that a better explanation for the cultural authority of science lies downstream, when scientific claims leave laboratories and enter courtrooms, boardrooms, and living rooms. On such occasions, we use "maps" to decide who to believe—cultural maps demarcating "science" from pseudoscience, ideology, faith, or nonsense. Gieryn looks at episodes of boundary-work: Was phrenology good science? How about cold fusion? Is social science really scientific? Is organic farming? After centuries of disputes like these, Gieryn finds no stable criteria that absolutely distinguish science from non-science. Science remains a pliable cultural space, flexibly reshaped to claim credibility for some beliefs while denying it to others. In a timely epilogue, Gieryn finds this same controversy at the heart of the raging "science wars."

Science under Fire

Andrew Jewett
Science under Fire Book PDF

Author : Andrew Jewett
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780674987913

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Science under Fire by Andrew Jewett Pdf

Americans have long been suspicious of experts and elites. This new history explains why so many have believed that science has the power to corrupt American culture. Americans today are often skeptical of scientific authority. Many conservatives dismiss climate change and Darwinism as liberal fictions, arguing that “tenured radicals” have coopted the sciences and other disciplines. Some progressives, especially in the universities, worry that science’s celebration of objectivity and neutrality masks its attachment to Eurocentric and patriarchal values. As we grapple with the implications of climate change and revolutions in fields from biotechnology to robotics to computing, it is crucial to understand how scientific authority functions—and where it has run up against political and cultural barriers. Science under Fire reconstructs a century of battles over the cultural implications of science in the United States. Andrew Jewett reveals a persistent current of criticism which maintains that scientists have injected faulty social philosophies into the nation’s bloodstream under the cover of neutrality. This charge of corruption has taken many forms and appeared among critics with a wide range of social, political, and theological views, but common to all is the argument that an ideologically compromised science has produced an array of social ills. Jewett shows that this suspicion of science has been a major force in American politics and culture by tracking its development, varied expressions, and potent consequences since the 1920s. Looking at today’s battles over science, Jewett argues that citizens and leaders must steer a course between, on the one hand, the naïve image of science as a pristine, value-neutral form of knowledge, and, on the other, the assumption that scientists’ claims are merely ideologies masquerading as truths.

Cultural Boundaries of Science

Thomas F. Gieryn
Cultural Boundaries of Science Book PDF

Author : Thomas F. Gieryn
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1999-01-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0226292614

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Cultural Boundaries of Science by Thomas F. Gieryn Pdf

This text argues that an explanation for the cultural authority of science lies where scientific claims leave laboratories and enter boardrooms and living rooms. Here, one uses "maps" to decide who to believe - cultural maps demarcating "science" from pseudoscience, ideology, faith, or nonsense.

The Paradox of Scientific Authority

Wiebe E. Bijker,Roland Bal,Ruud Hendriks
The Paradox of Scientific Authority Book PDF

Author : Wiebe E. Bijker,Roland Bal,Ruud Hendriks
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262026581

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The Paradox of Scientific Authority by Wiebe E. Bijker,Roland Bal,Ruud Hendriks Pdf

Assessing the influence of scientific advice in societies that increasingly question scientific authority and expertise. Today, scientific advice is asked for (and given) on questions ranging from stem-cell research to genetically modified food. And yet it often seems that the more urgently scientific advice is solicited, the more vigorously scientific authority is questioned by policy makers, stakeholders, and citizens. This book examines a paradox: how scientific advice can be influential in society even when the status of science and scientists seems to be at a low ebb. The authors do this by means of an ethnographic study of the creation of scientific authority at one of the key sites for the interaction of science, policy, and society: the scientific advisory committee. The Paradox of Scientific Authority offers a detailed analysis of the inner workings of the influential Health Council of the Netherlands (the equivalent of the National Academy of Science in the United States), examining its societal role as well as its internal functioning, and using the findings to build a theory of scientific advising. The question of scientific authority has political as well as scholarly relevance. Democratic political institutions, largely developed in the nineteenth century, lack the institutional means to address the twenty-first century's pervasively scientific and technological culture; and science and technology studies (STS) grapples with the central question of how to understand the authority of science while recognizing its socially constructed nature.

Authority and Expertise in Ancient Scientific Culture

Jason König,Greg Woolf
Authority and Expertise in Ancient Scientific Culture Book PDF

Author : Jason König,Greg Woolf
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 871 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2017-01-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781316849064

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Authority and Expertise in Ancient Scientific Culture by Jason König,Greg Woolf Pdf

How did ancient scientific and knowledge-ordering writers make their work authoritative? This book answers that question for a wide range of ancient disciplines, from mathematics, medicine, architecture and agriculture, through to law, historiography and philosophy - focusing mainly, but not exclusively, on the literature of the Roman Empire. It draws attention to habits that these different fields had in common, while also showing how individual texts and authors manipulated standard techniques of self-authorisation in distinctive ways. It stresses the importance of competitive and assertive styles of self-presentation, and also examines some of the pressures that pulled in the opposite direction by looking at authors who chose to acknowledge the limitations of their own knowledge or resisted close identification with narrow versions of expert identity. A final chapter by Sir Geoffrey Lloyd offers a comparative account of scientific authority and expertise in ancient Chinese, Indian and Mesopotamian culture.

Handbook of Religion and the Authority of Science

James R. Lewis,Olav Hammer
Handbook of Religion and the Authority of Science Book PDF

Author : James R. Lewis,Olav Hammer
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 941 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2010-11-19
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9789004187917

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Handbook of Religion and the Authority of Science by James R. Lewis,Olav Hammer Pdf

The present collection examines the many different ways in which religions appeal to the authority of science. The result is a wide-ranging and uniquely compelling study of how religions adapt their message to the challenges of the contemporary world.

Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal

Heather Douglas
Science Policy and the Value Free Ideal Book PDF

Author : Heather Douglas
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2009-07-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780822973577

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Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal by Heather Douglas Pdf

The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be “value-free.” In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence. Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.

The Two Cultures

C. P. Snow,Charles Percy Snow
The Two Cultures Book PDF

Author : C. P. Snow,Charles Percy Snow
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-03-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781107606142

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The Two Cultures by C. P. Snow,Charles Percy Snow Pdf

The importance of science and technology and future of education and research are just some of the subjects discussed here.

Contesting Cultural Authority

Frank M. Turner
Contesting Cultural Authority Book PDF

Author : Frank M. Turner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1993-04-08
Category : History
ISBN : 0521372577

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Contesting Cultural Authority by Frank M. Turner Pdf

A volume of essays which constitutes a major overview of the Victorian intellectual enterprise.

Science under Fire

Andrew Jewett
Science under Fire Book PDF

Author : Andrew Jewett
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2020-12-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780674247086

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Science under Fire by Andrew Jewett Pdf

Americans have long been suspicious of experts and elites. This new history explains why so many have believed that science has the power to corrupt American culture. Americans today are often skeptical of scientific authority. Many conservatives dismiss climate change and Darwinism as liberal fictions, arguing that “tenured radicals” have coopted the sciences and other disciplines. Some progressives, especially in the universities, worry that science’s celebration of objectivity and neutrality masks its attachment to Eurocentric and patriarchal values. As we grapple with the implications of climate change and revolutions in fields from biotechnology to robotics to computing, it is crucial to understand how scientific authority functions—and where it has run up against political and cultural barriers. Science under Fire reconstructs a century of battles over the cultural implications of science in the United States. Andrew Jewett reveals a persistent current of criticism which maintains that scientists have injected faulty social philosophies into the nation’s bloodstream under the cover of neutrality. This charge of corruption has taken many forms and appeared among critics with a wide range of social, political, and theological views, but common to all is the argument that an ideologically compromised science has produced an array of social ills. Jewett shows that this suspicion of science has been a major force in American politics and culture by tracking its development, varied expressions, and potent consequences since the 1920s. Looking at today’s battles over science, Jewett argues that citizens and leaders must steer a course between, on the one hand, the naïve image of science as a pristine, value-neutral form of knowledge, and, on the other, the assumption that scientists’ claims are merely ideologies masquerading as truths.

Authority and Expertise in Ancient Scientific Culture

Jason König
Authority and Expertise in Ancient Scientific Culture Book PDF

Author : Jason König
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1316849783

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Authority and Expertise in Ancient Scientific Culture by Jason König Pdf

How did ancient scientific writers make their work authoritative? This volume answers that question for a wide range of disciplines

The Ends Of Science

Harry Redner
The Ends Of Science Book PDF

Author : Harry Redner
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000301014

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The Ends Of Science by Harry Redner Pdf

In this path-breaking and controversial book, Harry Redner provides a systematic study of how the epistemologically interesting features of contemporary science are to be understood. Taking “science†to include knowledge from the social sciences and humanities as well as the physical sciences, Redner shows how the history of science, philosophical theory, and current scientific research reveal connections between scientific developments and features of the social organization of science. Redner argues that the shift from Classical science to a more complex and less orderly World science after World War II has changed the way scientific research is done and how its knowledge is organized. His aim, however, “is not merely to interpret science, but to change it.†Thus, this examination is more than a survey and critique—it is a positive program for the development of future science. Remarkable for its breadth and insight, the book is especially valuable for its discussions of authority and social organization (with the accompanying themes of academic politics, competition, power, and corruption) and for its catalog of the various contemporary critiques of science. Some of these are European in origin and will be new to many U.S. readers. A tour de force on several levels, this book is essential reading for scientists, philosophers, sociologists of science, historians of ideas, critics of contemporary culture and, indeed, for anyone who takes a serious interest in scientific research and higher learning.

The X Club

Ruth Barton
The X Club Book PDF

Author : Ruth Barton
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 617 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2018-11-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226551753

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The X Club by Ruth Barton Pdf

In 1864, amid headline-grabbing heresy trials, members of the British Association for the Advancement of Science were asked to sign a declaration affirming that science and scripture were in agreement. Many criticized the new test of orthodoxy; nine decided that collaborative action was required. The X Club tells their story. These six ambitious professionals and three wealthy amateurs—J. D. Hooker, T. H. Huxley, John Tyndall, John Lubbock, William Spottiswoode, Edward Frankland, George Busk, T. A. Hirst, and Herbert Spencer—wanted to guide the development of science and public opinion on issues where science impinged on daily life, religious belief, and politics. They formed a private dining club, which they named the X Club, to discuss and further their plans. As Ruth Barton shows, they had a clear objective: they wanted to promote “scientific habits of mind,” which they sought to do through lectures, journalism, and science education. They devoted enormous effort to the expansion of science education, with real, but mixed, success. ​For twenty years, the X Club was the most powerful network in Victorian science—the men succeeded each other in the presidency of the Royal Society for a dozen years. Barton’s group biography traces the roots of their success and the lasting effects of their championing of science against those who attempted to limit or control it, along the way shedding light on the social organization of science, the interactions of science and the state, and the places of science and scientific men in elite culture in the Victorian era.

The One Culture?

Jay A. Labinger,Harry Collins
The One Culture Book PDF

Author : Jay A. Labinger,Harry Collins
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2010-08-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780226467245

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The One Culture? by Jay A. Labinger,Harry Collins Pdf

So far the "Science Wars" have generated far more heat than light. Combatants from one or the other of what C. P. Snow famously called "the two cultures" (science versus the arts and humanities) have launched bitter attacks but have seldom engaged in constructive dialogue about the central issues. In The One Culture?, Jay A. Labinger and Harry Collins have gathered together some of the world's foremost scientists and sociologists of science to exchange opinions and ideas rather than insults. The contributors find surprising areas of broad agreement in a genuine conversation about science, its legitimacy and authority as a means of understanding the world, and whether science studies undermines the practice and findings of science and scientists. The One Culture? is organized into three parts. The first consists of position papers written by scientists and sociologists of science, which were distributed to all the participants. The second presents commentaries on these papers, drawing out and discussing their central themes and arguments. In the third section, participants respond to these critiques, offering defenses, clarifications, and modifications of their positions. Who can legitimately speak about science? What is the proper role of scientific knowledge? How should scientists interact with the rest of society in decision making? Because science occupies such a central position in the world today, such questions are vitally important. Although there are no simple solutions, The One Culture? does show the reader exactly what is at stake in the Science Wars, and provides a valuable framework for how to go about seeking the answers we so urgently need. Contributors include: Constance K. Barsky, Jean Bricmont, Harry Collins, Peter Dear, Jane Gregory, Jay A. Labinger, Michael Lynch, N. David Mermin, Steve Miller, Trevor Pinch, Peter R. Saulson, Steven Shapin, Alan Sokal, Steven Weinberg, Kenneth G. Wilson