The Dangers Of Automation In Airliners

Author : Jack J. Hersch
Publisher : Air World
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2020-11-24
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9781526773159

Get Book

The Dangers of Automation in Airliners by Jack J. Hersch Pdf

The award-winning journalist delves “into the confluence of modern airplane technology and pilot behavior to probe how and why flight disasters happen” (BookTrib). Aviation automation has been pushed to its limits, with pilots increasingly relying on it. Autopilot, autothrottle, autoland, flight management systems, air data systems, inertial guidance systems. All these systems are only as good as their inputs which, incredibly, can go rogue. Even the automation itself is subject to unpredictable failure. And what of the pilots? They began flight training with their hands on the throttle and yoke, and feet on the rudder pedals. Then they reached the pinnacle of their careers—airline pilot—and suddenly they were going hours without touching the controls other than for a few minutes on takeoff and landing. Are their skills eroding? Is their training sufficient to meet the demands of today’s planes? The Dangers of Automation in Airliners delves deeply into these questions. You’ll be in the cockpits of the two doomed Boeing 737 MAXs, the Airbus A330 lost over the South Atlantic, and the Bombardier Q400 that stalled over Buffalo. You’ll discover exactly why a Boeing 777 smacked into a seawall, missing the runway on a beautiful summer morning. And you’ll watch pilots battling—sometimes winning and sometimes not—against automation run amok. This book also investigates the human factors at work. You’ll learn why pilots might overlook warnings or ignore cockpit alarms. You’ll observe automation failing to alert aircrews of what they crucially need to know while fighting to save their planes and their passengers. The future of safe air travel depends on automation. This book tells its story.

Author : Charles E. Billings
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-01-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351464925

Get Book

Aviation Automation by Charles E. Billings Pdf

The advent of very compact, very powerful digital computers has made it possible to automate a great many processes that formerly required large, complex machinery. Digital computers have made possible revolutionary changes in industry, commerce, and transportation. This book, an expansion and revision of the author's earlier technical papers on this subject, describes the development of automation in aircraft and in the aviation system, its likely evolution in the future, and the effects that these technologies have had -- and will have -- on the human operators and managers of the system. It suggests concepts that may be able to enhance human-machine relationships in future systems. The author focuses on the ability of human operators to work cooperatively with the constellation of machines they command and control, because it is the interactions among these system elements that result in the system's success or failure, whether in aviation or elsewhere. Aviation automation has provided great social and technological benefits, but these benefits have not come without cost. In recent years, new problems in aircraft have emerged due to failures in the human-machine relationship. These incidents and accidents have motivated this inquiry into aviation automation. Similar problems in the air traffic management system are predicted as it becomes more fully automated. In particular, incidents and accidents have occurred which suggest that the principle problems with today's aviation automation are associated with its complexity, coupling, autonomy, and opacity. These problems are not unique to aviation; they exist in other highly dynamic domains as well. The author suggests that a different approach to automation -- called "human-centered automation" -- offers potential benefits for system performance by enabling a more cooperative human-machine relationship in the control and management of aircraft and air traffic.

Author : Charles E. Billings
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Aeronautical instruments
ISBN : NASA:31769000594195

Get Book

Human-centered Aircraft Automation: A Concept and Guidelines by Charles E. Billings Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2024-07-03
Category : Aeronautics
ISBN : 0071420479

Get Book

Controlling Pilot Error: Automation by Anonim Pdf

Author : Bart Elias
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1701317818

Get Book

Cockpit Automation, Flight Systems Complexity, and Aircraft Certification by Bart Elias Pdf

The increasing complexity and automation of flight control systems pose a challenge to federal policy regarding aircraft certification and pilot training. Despite significant commercial aviation safety improvements over the past two decades, flight control automation and aircraft complexity have been cited as contributing factors in a number of major airline accidents, including two high-profile crashes overseas involving the recently introduced Boeing 737 Max variant in 2018 and 2019. These crashes have directed attention to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) oversight of aircraft type certification and pilot training practices for transport category aircraft, particularly as they pertain to complex automated flight control systems. As aircraft systems have evolved over the past three decades to incorporate new technologies, Congress has mandated FAA to streamline certification processes, with the primary motivation being to facilitate the development of new safety-enhancing technologies. Modern commercial aircraft rely on "fly-by-wire" flight control technologies, under which pilots' flight control inputs are sent to computers rather than through direct mechanical linkages to flight control systems. The fly-by-wire software contains flight control laws and logic that, in addition to optimizing performance efficiency, protect the aircraft from commanded actions that could put the airplane in an unsafe state. Automated flight control systems have largely been viewed as having a positive effect on safety, and accident rates have improved considerably over the past two decades. However, the increasing complexity of automated flight systems has sometimes caused confusion and uncertainty, contributing to improper pilot actions during critical phases of flight and in some cases leading pilots to unintentionally place an aircraft in an unsafe condition. Besides designing these systems in a manner that minimizes pilot errors and the consequences of those errors, aircraft designers and operators face challenges regarding maintaining piloting skills for flight crews to be able to take over and manually fly the aircraft safely if critical systems fail. They also face challenges regarding documentation and pilot training effectiveness in building accurate mental models of how these complex systems operate. The primary goals of ongoing efforts to address these challenges are to enhance pilot situation awareness when using automation and reduce the likelihood of mode errors and confusion, while at the same time not overburdening pilots with intricate systems knowledge beyond what is necessary. In the ongoing investigations of two Boeing 737 Max crashes, Lion Air flight 610 and Ethiopian Airlines flight 302, concerns have been raised about the design of an automated feature called the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) and its reliance on a single angle-of-attack sensor even though the aircraft is equipped with two such sensors. These concerns led to the worldwide grounding of all Boeing 737 Max aircraft until the MCAS safety concerns can be resolved, significantly impacting both U.S. and foreign airlines that operate the aircraft. These recent aviation accidents have prompted reviews of the manner in which modern transport category aircraft are certified by FAA and its foreign counterparts, and in particular, the roles of regulators and manufacturers in the certification process. The challenges of certifying increasingly complex aircraft are largely being met by delegating more of FAA's certification functions to aircraft designers and manufacturers. This raises potential conflicts between safety and quality assurance on the one hand and competitive pressures to market and deliver aircraft on the other. Under Organization Designation Authorization (ODA), FAA can designate companies to carry out delegated certification functions on its behalf.

Author : Christopher Lutat,S. Ryan Swah
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Professional
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780071815864

Get Book

Automation Airmanship: Nine Principles for Operating Glass Cockpit Aircraft by Christopher Lutat,S. Ryan Swah Pdf

"One of the first cohesive works on glass cockpit equipment (digital instrumentation being implemented in more aircraft), this book focuses on limiting in-flight issues and advancing the safe operation of highly automated aircraft"-Provided by publisher.

Author : Hans M. Soekkha
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 827 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2020-03-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000083149

Get Book

Aviation Safety, Human Factors - System Engineering - Flight Operations - Economics - Strategies - Management by Hans M. Soekkha Pdf

Questions concerning safety in aviation attract a great deal of attention, due to the growth in this industry and the number of fatal accidents in recent years. The aerospace industry has always been deeply concerned with the permanent prevention of accidents and the conscientious safeguarding of all imaginable critical factors surrounding the organization of processes in aeronautical technology. However, the developments in aircraft technology and control systems require further improvements to meet future safety demands. This book embodies the proceedings of the 1997 International Aviation Safety Conference, and contains 60 talks by internationally recognized experts on various aspects of aviation safety. Subjects covered include: Human interfaces and man-machine interactions; Flight safety engineering and operational control systems; Aircraft development and integrated safety designs; Safety strategies relating to risk insurance and economics; Corporate aspects and safety management factors --- including airlines services and airport security environment.

Author : Shmelova, Tetiana,Sikirda, Yuliya,Rizun, Nina,Kucherov, Dmytro,Dergachov, Konstantin
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781522577102

Get Book

Automated Systems in the Aviation and Aerospace Industries by Shmelova, Tetiana,Sikirda, Yuliya,Rizun, Nina,Kucherov, Dmytro,Dergachov, Konstantin Pdf

Air traffic controllers need advanced information and automated systems to provide a safe environment for everyone traveling by plane. One of the primary challenges in developing training for automated systems is to determine how much a trainee will need to know about the underlying technologies to use automation safely and efficiently. To ensure safety and success, task analysis techniques should be used as the basis of the design for training in automated systems in the aviation and aerospace industries. Automated Systems in the Aviation and Aerospace Industries is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of underlying technologies used to enforce automation safety and efficiency. While highlighting topics such as expert systems, text mining, and human-machine interface, this publication explores the concept of constructing navigation algorithms, based on the use of video information and the methods of the estimation of the availability and accuracy parameters of satellite navigation. This book is ideal for aviation professionals, researchers, and managers seeking current research on information technology used to reduce the risk involved in aviation.

Author : Kuo Kuang Liu
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 110 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1997-06-01
Category : Air pilots
ISBN : 1423570979

Get Book

The Highly-Automated Airplane by Kuo Kuang Liu Pdf

Two Airbus accidents at Nagoya, Japan and Toulouse, France in April and June 1994 highlighted the problem of the highly-automated airplane and its interface with pilots. As technologies in the engineering design progress so quickly in airplane automation, training philosophies toward the 'glass cockpit' may need to be re-evaluated. Many pilots, young and old, praise the advantages brought by the new technology. On the other hand, many have complained about the increasing workload and the danger of automation features which are not in their control. In this thesis, I evaluate the accidents of the highly-automated airplane and the probable solutions which can be applied in the training phase to reduce the accident rates. The training philosophies given to the crewmembers remaining in the cockpit of highly-automated airplanes should guarantee flying safety with limited time and resources in the absence of rigorous regulations. Air transportation surely is the most popular business today and in the future. The machine has been updated to include more automatic controls. Now our concern is to upgrade the human capability to stay abreast of technology and keep flying safe. That is the reason for this thesis, whose contribution to aviation safety is to recommend adequate training philosophies for highly-automated airplane users.

Author : Sidney Dekker,Erik Hollnagel
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780429864209

Get Book

Coping with Computers in the Cockpit by Sidney Dekker,Erik Hollnagel Pdf

First published in 1999, this volume examined how increasing cockpit automation in commercial fleets across the world has had a profound impact on the cognitive work that is carried out on the flight deck. Pilots have largely been transformed into supervisory controllers, managing a suite of human and automated resources. Operational and training requirements have changed, and the potential for human error and system breakdown has shifted. This compelling book critically examines how airlines, regulators, educators and manufacturers cope with these and other consequences of advanced aircraft automation.

Author : Alain Gras
Publisher : Publications de la Sorbonne
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 285944260X

Get Book

Faced with Automation by Alain Gras Pdf

Author : Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 1998-02-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309517560

Get Book

The Future of Air Traffic Control by Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,National Research Council Pdf

Automation in air traffic control may increase efficiency, but it also raises questions about adequate human control over automated systems. Following on the panel's first volume on air traffic control automation, Flight to the Future (NRC, 1997), this book focuses on the interaction of pilots and air traffic controllers, with a growing network of automated functions in the airspace system. The panel offers recommendations for development of human-centered automation, addressing key areas such as providing levels of automation that are appropriate to levels of risk, examining procedures for recovery from emergencies, free flight versus ground-based authority, and more. The book explores ways in which technology can build on human strengths and compensate for human vulnerabilities, minimizing both mistrust of automation and complacency about its abilities. The panel presents an overview of emerging technologies and trends toward automation within the national airspace system--in areas such as global positioning and other aspects of surveillance, flight information provided to pilots an controllers, collision avoidance, strategic long-term planning, and systems for training and maintenance. The book examines how to achieve better integration of research and development, including the importance of user involvement in air traffic control. It also discusses how to harmonize the wide range of functions in the national airspace system, with a detailed review of the free flight initiative.

Author : Jack J. Hersch
Publisher : Pen and Sword
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781526740236

Get Book

Death March Escape by Jack J. Hersch Pdf

“Blending elements of memoir, history, and biography,” the son of a Holocaust survivor “portrays the horrifying reality of the . . . concentration camps” (Midwest Book Review). In June 1944, the Nazis locked eighteen-year-old Dave Hersch into a railroad boxcar and shipped him from his hometown of Dej, Hungary, to Mauthausen Concentration Camp, the harshest, cruelest camp in the Reich. After ten months in the granite mines of Mauthausen’s nearby sub-camp, Gusen, he weighed less than 80lbs, nothing but skin and bones. Somehow surviving the relentless horrors of these two brutal camps, as Allied forces drew near Dave was forced to join a death march to Gunskirchen Concentration Camp, over thirty miles away. Soon after the start of the march, and more dead than alive, Dave summoned a burst of energy he did not know he had and escaped. Quickly recaptured, he managed to avoid being killed by the guards. Put on another death march a few days later, he achieved the impossible: he escaped again. Using only his father’s words for guidance, Jack Hersch takes us along as he flies to Europe to learn the secrets his father never told of his time in the camps. Beginning in the verdant hills of his father’s Hungarian hometown, we accompany Jack’s every step as he describes the unimaginable: what his father must have seen and felt while struggling to survive in the most abominable places on earth. “This deeply personal and extremely informative portrait of a man of indomitable will to live, as Hersch emphasizes, reminds us of why we must never forget nor trivialize the full, shocking truth about the Holocaust.”—Booklist

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1997-02-28
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9780309056373

Get Book

Flight to the Future by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Human-Systems Integration,Panel on Human Factors in Air Traffic Control Automation Pdf

Despite the strong safety record of the national airspace system, serious disruptions occasionally occur, often as a result of outdated or failed equipment. Under these circumstances, safety relies on the skills of the controllers and pilots and on reducing the number of aircraft in the air. The current and growing pressures to increase the capacity to handle a greater number of flights has led to a call for faster and more powerful equipment and for equipment that can take over some of the tasks now being performed by humans. Increasing the role of automation in air traffic control may provide a more efficient system, but will human controllers be able to effectively take over when problems occur? This comprehensive volume provides a baseline of knowledge about the capabilities and limitations of humans relative to the variety of functions performed in air traffic control. It focuses on balancing safety with the expeditious flow of air traffic, identifying lessons from past air accidents. The book discusses: The function of the national airspace system and the procedures for hiring, training, and evaluating controllers. Decisionmaking, memory, alertness, vigilance, sleep patterns during shift work, communication, and other factors in controllers' performance. Research on automation and human factors in air traffic control and incorporation of findings into the system. The Federal Aviation Administration's management of the air traffic control system and its dual mandate to promote safety and the development of air commerce. This book also offers recommendations for evaluation the human role in automated air traffic control systems and for managing the introduction of automation into current facilities and operations. It will be of interest to anyone concerned about air safetyâ€"policymakers, regulators, air traffic managers and controllers, airline officials, and passenger advocates.

Author : Steven James Landry
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2017-11-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781351653145

Get Book

Handbook of Human Factors in Air Transportation Systems by Steven James Landry Pdf

One of the primary applications of human factors engineering is in the aviation domain, and the importance of human factors has never been greater as U.S. and European authorities seek to modernize the air transportation system through the introduction of advanced automation. This handbook provides regulators, practitioners, researchers, and educators a comprehensive resource for understanding and applying human factors to air transportation.