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Author : Simon T. Bate,Robin A. Clark
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2014-03-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781107030787
This book will provide scientists with a better understanding of statistics, improving their decision-making and reducing animal use.
Author : Michael Festing,Philip Overend,Mario Cortina Borja,Manuel Berdoy
Publisher : SAGE Publications Limited
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 1473974631
Where there is no alternative to the use of animals in biomedical research, it is important that experiments are well designed and correctly analysed in order to minimise pain and maximize the chance of getting scientifically valid results. Experiments that use too few animals may fail to pick up biologically important effects, while those who use them incorrectly or wastefully may get invalid results while subjecting the animals to unnecessary pain, distress or lasting harm. The Design of Animal Experiments is intended for all research scientists who use laboratory animals, with the aim of helping them to design their own experiments more effectively and/or to improve their ability to communicate with professional statisticians when necessary. It covers all randomised controlled experimental designs likely to be needed in laboratory animal research, with worked examples showing how they can be statistically analysed. It suggests the more widespread use of randomised block designs and shows how both males and females can be included in an experiment without the need to increase the total number of animals by using factorial designs. It also includes guidance on the choice of experimental animals. The book covers the learning outcomes of Module 10 and part (ii) of Module 11 of education and training under Directive 2010/63/EU.
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 113 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1988-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309038393
Scientific experiments using animals have contributed significantly to the improvement of human health. Animal experiments were crucial to the conquest of polio, for example, and they will undoubtedly be one of the keystones in AIDS research. However, some persons believe that the cost to the animals is often high. Authored by a committee of experts from various fields, this book discusses the benefits that have resulted from animal research, the scope of animal research today, the concerns of advocates of animal welfare, and the prospects for finding alternatives to animal use. The authors conclude with specific recommendations for more consistent government action.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2011-09-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309219549
The publication of research articles involving animal studies is central to many disciplines in science and biomedicine. Effective descriptions in such publications enable researchers to interpret the data, evaluate and replicate findings, and move the science forward. Analyses of published studies with research animals have demonstrated numerous deficiencies in the reporting of details in research methods for animal studies. Considerable variation in the amount of information required by scientific publications and reported by authors undermines this basic scientific principle and results in the unnecessary use of animals and other resources in failed efforts to reproduce study results. Guidance for the Description of Animal Research in Scientific Publications outlines the information that should be included in scientific papers regarding the animal studies to ensure that the study can be replicated. The report urges journal editors to actively promote effective and ethical research by encouraging the provision of sufficient information. Examples of this information include: conditions of housing and husbandry, genetic nomenclature, microbial status, detailed experimental manipulations, and handling and use of pharmaceuticals. Inclusion of this information will enable assessment and interpretation of research findings and advancement of knowledge based on reproducible results.
Author : Stanley E. Lazic
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2016-12-08
Category : Family & Relationships
ISBN : 9781107074293
A guide to designing lab-based biological experiments that have low bias, high precision and widely applicable results.
Author : B.F. Manly,L. McDonald,D.L. Thomas,Trent L. McDonald,Wallace P. Erickson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780306481512
We have written this book as a guide to the design and analysis of field studies of resource selection, concentrating primarily on statistical aspects of the comparison of the use and availability of resources of different types. Our intended audience is field ecologists in general and, in particular, wildlife and fisheries biologists who are attempting to measure the extent to which real animal populations are selective in their choice of food and habitat. As such, we have made no attempt to address those aspects of theoretical ecology that are concerned with how animals might choose their resources if they acted in an optimal manner. The book is based on the concept of a resource selection function (RSF), where this is a function of characteristics measured on resourceunits such that its value for a unit is proportional to the probability of that unit being used. We argue that this concept leads to a unified theory for the analysis and interpretation of data on resource selection and can replace many ad hoc statistical methods that have been used in the past.
Author : Hans-Michael Kaltenbach
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-15
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783030696412
This richly illustrated book provides an overview of the design and analysis of experiments with a focus on non-clinical experiments in the life sciences, including animal research. It covers the most common aspects of experimental design such as handling multiple treatment factors and improving precision. In addition, it addresses experiments with large numbers of treatment factors and response surface methods for optimizing experimental conditions or biotechnological yields. The book emphasizes the estimation of effect sizes and the principled use of statistical arguments in the broader scientific context. It gradually transitions from classical analysis of variance to modern linear mixed models, and provides detailed information on power analysis and sample size determination, including ‘portable power’ formulas for making quick approximate calculations. In turn, detailed discussions of several real-life examples illustrate the complexities and aberrations that can arise in practice. Chiefly intended for students, teachers and researchers in the fields of experimental biology and biomedicine, the book is largely self-contained and starts with the necessary background on basic statistical concepts. The underlying ideas and necessary mathematics are gradually introduced in increasingly complex variants of a single example. Hasse diagrams serve as a powerful method for visualizing and comparing experimental designs and deriving appropriate models for their analysis. Manual calculations are provided for early examples, allowing the reader to follow the analyses in detail. More complex calculations rely on the statistical software R, but are easily transferable to other software. Though there are few prerequisites for effectively using the book, previous exposure to basic statistical ideas and the software R would be advisable.
Author : Michael F. W. Festing,Michael Francis Wogan Festing
Publisher : Royal Society of Medicine PressLtd
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1853155136
"Where there is no alternative to the use of experimental animals in biomedical research, it is important that experiments are well designed and correctly analysed in order to maximize the chance of getting scientifically valid results. Experiments that use too few animals may fail to pick up biologically important effects, while those that use too many or use them incorrectly may be subjecting them to unnecessary pain, distress or lasting harm. This book is aimed at all research scientists who use laboratory animals, with the aim of helping them to design their own experiments more effectively and/or to improve their ability to communicate with professional statisticians when designing more complex experiments. It covers many aspects of experimental design, such as choice of experimental animal, which are not considered by most statistics textbooks. Conversely, it does not cover the more advanced designs or statistical methods, so it should, ideally, be used in conjunction with more conventional statistics textbooks."--Page 4 of cover.
Author : Kathrin Herrmann,Kimberley Jayne
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Animal experimentation
ISBN : 9004356185
Animal Experimentation: Working Towards a Paradigm Change critically appraises current animal use in science and discusses ways in which we can contribute to a paradigm change towards human-biology based approaches.
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Institute for Laboratory Animal Research,Committee on Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2003-08-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309167857
Expanding on the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, this book deals specifically with mammals in neuroscience and behavioral research laboratories. It offers flexible guidelines for the care of these animals, and guidance on adapting these guidelines to various situations without hindering the research process. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research offers a more in-depth treatment of concerns specific to these disciplines than any previous guide on animal care and use. It treats on such important subjects as: The important role that the researcher and veterinarian play in developing animal protocols. Methods for assessing and ensuring an animal's well-being. General animal-care elements as they apply to neuroscience and behavioral research, and common animal welfare challenges this research can pose. The use of professional judgment and careful interpretation of regulations and guidelines to develop performance standards ensuring animal well-being and high-quality research. Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research treats the development and evaluation of animal-use protocols as a decision-making process, not just a decision. To this end, it presents the most current, in-depth information about the best practices for animal care and use, as they pertain to the intricacies of neuroscience and behavioral research.
Author : José M. Sánchez Morgado,Aurora Brønstad
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 277 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2021-08-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030661472
This highly-readable text provides grounds on how to plan and conduct animal experiments that can be reproduced by others. The book touches on factors that may impact the reproducibility of animal studies including: the animal genetic background, the animal microbial flora, environmental and physiological variables affecting the animal, animal welfare, statistics and experimental design, systematic reviews of animal studies, and the publishing process. The book addresses advanced undergraduates, graduate students and all scientists working with animals.
Author : Gerald Peter Quinn,Michael J. Keough
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2002-03-21
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0521009766
Regression, analysis of variance, correlation, graphical.
Author : William Moy Stratton Russell,Rex Leonard Burch
Publisher : Hyperion Books
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Nature
ISBN : CUB:U183070482379
Author : National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2001-04-13
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309073165
The United States Navy has been concerned for some time with protecting its military and civilian personnel from reproductive and developmental hazards in the workplace. As part of its efforts to reduce or eliminate exposure of Naval personnel and their families to reproductive and developmental toxicants, the Navy requested that the National Research Council (NRC) recommend an approach that can be used to evaluate chemicals and physical agents for their potential to cause reproductive and developmental toxicity. The NRC assigned this project to the Committee on Toxicology, which convened the Subcommittee on Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, to prepare this report. In this report, the subcommittee recommends an approach for evaluating agents for potential reproductive and developmental toxicity and demonstrates how that approach can be used by the Navy. This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report: James Chen (National Center for Toxicological Research), George Daston (Procter and Gamble Company), Jerry Heindel (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences), Grace Lemasters (University of Cincinnati), and John Young (National Center for Toxicological Research).
Author : R. A. Bailey
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2008-04-17
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781139469913
This book should be on the shelf of every practising statistician who designs experiments. Good design considers units and treatments first, and then allocates treatments to units. It does not choose from a menu of named designs. This approach requires a notation for units that does not depend on the treatments applied. Most structure on the set of observational units, or on the set of treatments, can be defined by factors. This book develops a coherent framework for thinking about factors and their relationships, including the use of Hasse diagrams. These are used to elucidate structure, calculate degrees of freedom and allocate treatment subspaces to appropriate strata. Based on a one-term course the author has taught since 1989, the book is ideal for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses. Examples, exercises and discussion questions are drawn from a wide range of real applications: from drug development, to agriculture, to manufacturing.