The Development Of Social Essentialism

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The Development of Social Essentialism

Anonim
The Development of Social Essentialism Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780128200872

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The Development of Social Essentialism by Anonim Pdf

Expecting a gentle baby tiger to inevitably grow up to be ferocious, a young girl growing up in a household of boys to prefer princesses to toy trucks, or that liberals and conservatives are fundamentally different kinds of people, all reflect a conceptual commitment to psychological essentialism. Psychological essentialism is a pervasive conceptual bias to think that some everyday categories reflect the real, underlying, natural structure of the world. Whereas essentialist thought can sometimes be useful, it is often problematic, particularly when people rely on essentialist thinking to understand groups of people, including those based on gender, race, ethnicity, or religion. This Volume will bring together diverse theoretical and methodological perspectives on how essentialist thinking about the social world develops in childhood and on the implications of these beliefs for children’s social behavior and intergroup relations more generally. This volume draws on diverse theoretical perspectives from psychology, philosophy, and linguistics, and empirical work from experiments with children and cross-cultural studies to provide a comprehensive view of how social essentialism develops. This volume addresses the link between cognition (essentialist beliefs) and social behavior, with implications for prejudice, morality, the justice system, and inter-group relations. By drawing on a diverse evidence base, this volume addresses how beliefs emerge from the interplay among children’s conceptual biases and their social experiences.

The Essential Child

Susan A. Gelman
The Essential Child Book PDF

Author : Susan A. Gelman
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0195154061

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The Essential Child by Susan A. Gelman Pdf

This text synthesizes 15 years of empirical research on essentialism into a coherent framework, examining children's thinking and ways in which language influences thought. It shows that children do not come into the world as passive recipients of data.

Folkbiology

Douglas L. Medin,Scott Atran
Folkbiology Book PDF

Author : Douglas L. Medin,Scott Atran
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 524 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1999-06-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 026263192X

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Folkbiology by Douglas L. Medin,Scott Atran Pdf

The term "folkbiology" refers to people's everyday understanding of the biological world—how they perceive, categorize, and reason about living kinds. The study of folkbiology not only sheds light on human nature, it may ultimately help us make the transition to a global economy without irreparably damaging the environment or destroying local cultures. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach, bringing together the work of researchers in anthropology, cognitive and developmental psychology, biology, and philosophy of science. The issues covered include: Are folk taxonomies a first-order approximation to classical scientific taxonomies, or are they driven more directly by utilitarian concerns? How are these category schemes linked to reasoning about natural kinds? Is there any nontrivial sense in which folk-taxonomic structures are universal? What impact does science have on folk taxonomy? Together, the chapters present the current foundations of folkbiology and indicate new directions in research. Contributors Scott Atran, Terry Kit-fong Au, Brent Berlin, K. David Bishop, John D. Coley, Jared Diamond, John Dupré, Roy Ellen, Susan A. Gelman, Michael T. Ghiselin, Grant Gutheil, Giyoo Hatano, Lawrence A. Hirschfeld, David L. Hull, Eugene Hunn, Kayoko Inagaki, Frank C. Keil, Daniel T. Levin, Elizabeth Lynch, Douglas L. Medin, Julia Beth Proffitt, Bethany A. Richman, Laura F. Romo, Sandra R. Waxman

The Wiley Handbook of Group Processes in Children and Adolescents

Adam Rutland,Drew Nesdale,Christia Spears Brown
The Wiley Handbook of Group Processes in Children and Adolescents Book PDF

Author : Adam Rutland,Drew Nesdale,Christia Spears Brown
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2017-04-17
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781118773161

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The Wiley Handbook of Group Processes in Children and Adolescents by Adam Rutland,Drew Nesdale,Christia Spears Brown Pdf

A definitive reference on intra- and inter-group processes across a range of age and cultural contexts Children from infancy develop attachments to significant others in their immediate social environment, and over time become aware of other groups (e.g. gender, ethnicity, age, classroom, sports) that they do or do not belong to and why. Recent research shows that children’s attitudes, beliefs and behaviours are significantly influenced by these memberships and that the influence increases through childhood. This Handbook delivers the first comprehensive, international reference on this critical topic.

The Psychology of Extremism

Arie W. Kruglanski,Catalina Kopetz,Ewa Szumowska
The Psychology of Extremism Book PDF

Author : Arie W. Kruglanski,Catalina Kopetz,Ewa Szumowska
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2021-09-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000454000

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The Psychology of Extremism by Arie W. Kruglanski,Catalina Kopetz,Ewa Szumowska Pdf

This ground-breaking book introduces a new model of extremism that emphasizes motivational imbalance among individual needs, offering a unique multidisciplinary exploration of extreme behaviors relating to terrorism, dieting, sports, love, addictions, and money. In popular discourse, the term ‘extremism’ has come to mean largely ‘violent extremism’, but this is just one of many different types: extreme sports, extreme diets, political and religious extremisms, extreme self-interest, extreme attitudes, extreme devotion to a cause, addiction to substances, or behavioral addiction (to videogames, shopping, pornography, sex, and work). But do these descriptions have a deeper meaning? Do they reveal a common psychological dynamic? Or are they merely a mode of things about phenomena that have little in common? Bringing together world-leading psychologists from a variety of disciplines, the book uses a brand-new model to examine different expressions of extremism, at different levels of analysis (brain, hormones, and behavior), in order not merely to describe such behaviors but also to explain their occurrence, and the conditions under which they may be likely to emerge. Also including suggestions for ways in which extremism could be counteracted, and to what extent it appears to be harmful to individuals and society, this is essential reading for students and academics in psychology and behavioral sciences.

Against Essentialism

Stephan Fuchs
Against Essentialism Book PDF

Author : Stephan Fuchs
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2009-07
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0674037413

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Against Essentialism by Stephan Fuchs Pdf

Against Essentialism presents a sociological theory of culture. This interdisciplinary and foundational work deals with basic issues common to current debates in social theory, including society, culture, meaning, truth, and communication. Stephan Fuchs argues that many mysteries about these concepts lose their mysteriousness when dynamic variations are introduced. Fuchs proposes a theory of culture and society that merges two core traditions--American network theory and European (Luhmannian) systems theory. His book distinguishes four major types of social observers--encounters, groups, organizations, and networks. Society takes place in these four modes of association. Each generates levels of observation linked with each other into a culture--the unity of these observations. Against Essentialism presents a groundbreaking new approach to the construction of society, culture, and personhood. The book invites both social scientists and philosophers to see what happens when essentialism is abandoned.

Mother-Child Conversations about Gender

Susan Gelman,Marianne Taylor,Simone Nguyen
Mother Child Conversations about Gender Book PDF

Author : Susan Gelman,Marianne Taylor,Simone Nguyen
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 152 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2004-05-21
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 1405131888

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Mother-Child Conversations about Gender by Susan Gelman,Marianne Taylor,Simone Nguyen Pdf

This monograph provides the first in-depth look at how mothers and young children talk about gender, to discover the potential role of language in fostering gender stereotypes. Mothers and their sons/daughters, who were 2-?, 4-?, or 6-? years of age, were videotaped discussing a picture book that focused on gender. A consistent contrast was found between mothers' explicit endorsement of gender stereotypes and implicit emphasis on gender. Although mothers rarely expressed gender stereotypes directly, they emphasized gender concepts indirectly, by referring to gender categories, providing gender labels, contrasting males and females, and giving approval to their children's stereotyped statements. With increasing age, children were more focused on gender categories and stereotypes, but also more gender-egalitarian. Gender-egalitarian items (e.g., a female firefighter) were associated with less overt stereotyping, but also with more implicit talk about gender. Altogether, mothers' language input conveys a wealth of subtle messages about gender from which children may construct their own beliefs.

Navigating the Social World

Mahzarin R. Banaji,Susan A. Gelman
Navigating the Social World Book PDF

Author : Mahzarin R. Banaji,Susan A. Gelman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199890712

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Navigating the Social World by Mahzarin R. Banaji,Susan A. Gelman Pdf

Navigating the Social World covers the development of social cognition from infancy into adolescence, with a focus on the first decade of human life. (dust cover).

Slavery and Essentialism in Highland Madagascar

DENIS. REGNIER
Slavery and Essentialism in Highland Madagascar Book PDF

Author : DENIS. REGNIER
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2022-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0367640449

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Slavery and Essentialism in Highland Madagascar by DENIS. REGNIER Pdf

This book explores the prejudice against slave descendants in highland Madagascar and its persistence more than a century after the official abolition of slavery. 'Unclean people' is a widespread expression in the southern highlands of Madagascar, and refers to people of alleged slave descent who are discriminated against on a daily basis and in a variety of ways. Denis Regnier shows that prejudice is rooted in a strong case of psychological essentialism: free descendants think that 'slaves' have a 'dirty' essence that is impossible to cleanse. Regnier's field experiments question the widely accepted idea that the social stigma against slavery is a legacy of pre-colonial society. He argues, to the contrary, that the essentialist construal of 'slaves' is the outcome of the historical process triggered by the colonial abolition of slavery: whereas in pre-abolition times slaves could be cleansed through ritual means, the abolition of slavery meant that slaves were transformed only superficially into free persons, while their inner essence remained unchanged and became progressively constructed as 'forever unchangeable'. Based on detailed fieldwork, this volume will be of interest to scholars of anthropology, African studies, development studies, cultural psychology, and those looking at the legacy of slavery.

Essentialism

Greg McKeown
Essentialism Book PDF

Author : Greg McKeown
Publisher : Crown Currency
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2014-04-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780804137393

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Essentialism by Greg McKeown Pdf

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • More than one million copies sold! Essentialism isn’t about getting more done in less time. It’s about getting only the right things done. “A timely, essential read for anyone who feels overcommitted, overloaded, or overworked.”—Adam Grant Have you ever: • found yourself stretched too thin? • simultaneously felt overworked and underutilized? • felt busy but not productive? • felt like your time is constantly being hijacked by other people’s agendas? If you answered yes to any of these, the way out is the Way of the Essentialist. Essentialism is more than a time-management strategy or a productivity technique. It is a systematic discipline for discerning what is absolutely essential, then eliminating everything that is not, so we can make the highest possible contribution toward the things that really matter. By forcing us to apply more selective criteria for what is Essential, the disciplined pursuit of less empowers us to reclaim control of our own choices about where to spend our precious time and energy—instead of giving others the implicit permission to choose for us. Essentialism is not one more thing—it’s a whole new way of doing everything. It’s about doing less, but better, in every area of our lives. Essentialism is a movement whose time has come.

The Cambridge Handbook of Social Representations

Gordon Sammut,Eleni Andreouli,George Gaskell,Jaan Valsiner
The Cambridge Handbook of Social Representations Book PDF

Author : Gordon Sammut,Eleni Andreouli,George Gaskell,Jaan Valsiner
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 499 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2015-05-25
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781107042001

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The Cambridge Handbook of Social Representations by Gordon Sammut,Eleni Andreouli,George Gaskell,Jaan Valsiner Pdf

This Handbook provides the requisite theoretical and methodological guidelines for undertaking social research addressing relevant contemporary social issues.

The Nature of Race

Ann Morning
The Nature of Race Book PDF

Author : Ann Morning
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780520270312

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The Nature of Race by Ann Morning Pdf

Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-303) and index.

Language, Interaction and Social Cognition

G. R. Semin,Klaus Fiedler
Language Interaction and Social Cognition Book PDF

Author : G. R. Semin,Klaus Fiedler
Publisher : Sage Publications (CA)
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : UOM:39015066015515

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Language, Interaction and Social Cognition by G. R. Semin,Klaus Fiedler Pdf

The importance of language is increasingly acknowledged within social psychology. In this seminal book, a group of distinguished authors goes beyond general theory to address, from a research base, key issues in the interrelationship between language, interaction and social cognition. Their starting point is that the ways in which we perceive and, therefore, interact with others are structured by the language available to us, as a socially constructed system above and beyond individual minds. The relationship between language and social cognition is not, however, a fixed or unicausal one: linguistic terms are also generated in response to social and cultural development. The interplay is dialectical - a dialectic of the social. The authors explore this dialectic through such themes as: the use and power of category labels; trait-behaviour relations in social information processing; and interpersonal verbs and attribution. They examine the significance of language use in the persistence of stereotypes, and the links between syntactical reasoning processes and social cognition, as well as the impact of perspectivity. They consider the ways in which communication roles and context shape, and are shaped by, language. Language, Interaction and Social Cognition will be essential reading for all those in social psychology, psycholinguistics, linguistics and communication studies concerned with the role of language in interaction and social cognition.

What's Left of Human Nature?

Maria Kronfeldner
What s Left of Human Nature Book PDF

Author : Maria Kronfeldner
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2023-10-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262549684

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What's Left of Human Nature? by Maria Kronfeldner Pdf

A philosophical account of human nature that defends the concept against dehumanization, Darwinian, and developmentalist challenges. Human nature has always been a foundational issue for philosophy. What does it mean to have a human nature? Is the concept the relic of a bygone age? What is the use of such a concept? What are the epistemic and ontological commitments people make when they use the concept? In What's Left of Human Nature? Maria Kronfeldner offers a philosophical account of human nature that defends the concept against contemporary criticism. In particular, she takes on challenges related to social misuse of the concept that dehumanizes those regarded as lacking human nature (the dehumanization challenge); the conflict between Darwinian thinking and essentialist concepts of human nature (the Darwinian challenge); and the consensus that evolution, heredity, and ontogenetic development result from nurture and nature. After answering each of these challenges, Kronfeldner presents a revisionist account of human nature that minimizes dehumanization and does not fall back on outdated biological ideas. Her account is post-essentialist because it eliminates the concept of an essence of being human; pluralist in that it argues that there are different things in the world that correspond to three different post-essentialist concepts of human nature; and interactive because it understands nature and nurture as interacting at the developmental, epigenetic, and evolutionary levels. On the basis of this, she introduces a dialectical concept of an ever-changing and “looping” human nature. Finally, noting the essentially contested character of the concept and the ambiguity and redundancy of the terminology, she wonders if we should simply eliminate the term “human nature” altogether.

The Science of Lay Theories

Claire M. Zedelius,Barbara C. N. Müller,Jonathan W. Schooler
The Science of Lay Theories Book PDF

Author : Claire M. Zedelius,Barbara C. N. Müller,Jonathan W. Schooler
Publisher : Springer
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783319573069

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The Science of Lay Theories by Claire M. Zedelius,Barbara C. N. Müller,Jonathan W. Schooler Pdf

This timely and important collection broadens our understanding of the ways in which lay theories (also known as folk psychologies, implicit theories, naïve theories, or mindsets) impact our lives and social relations. Moving well beyond lay theories as applied to intelligence and achievement, this volume considers lay theories in an admirably wide context, including perspectives on prejudice, creativity, self-regulation, health, free will, justice, magic, religion and more. Eminent and emerging scholars alike provide a comprehensive overview that presents and synthesizes cutting edge contemporary research on lay theories, spanning social, cognitive, developmental, cultural, and clinical psychology. Structurally, this volume is organized in three parts. Beginning with a preface by renowned scholar Carol Dweck, the first part looks at the origins and nature of lay theories, and how malleable they are. The second part explores lay theories about common psychological phenomena. The third section discusses lay theories about the metaphysical or supernatural. Finally, the last section explores the important question of how lay theories impact health and health behavior. Taken together, the chapters provide an integrative survey of the science of lay theories, bringing together many perspectives that previously have been studied largely in isolation. This volume is more than the sum of its parts—perspectives from different strands of research provide insights that cut across research disciplines, making novel connections and prompting new directions for this field of study. Shedding light on how our beliefs shape all facets of our lives, The Science of Lay Theories: How Beliefs Shape Our Cognition, Behavior, and Health will appeal to researchers and practitioners in psychology, as well as philosophers, cognitive and developmental neuroscientists, religious scholars, sociologists, and anthropologists. It is very rare to say of an edited volume of scholarly chapters “I couldn’t put it down!” Yet that was the case with this book. It’s not just that I have worked in this field for many years, but rather, with every chapter I felt I was gaining new insights into what, deep down, people really believe and how these beliefs influence their lives—Carol Dweck, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA