The Discovery Of Isotopes

Author : Michael Thoennessen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319317632

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The Discovery of Isotopes by Michael Thoennessen Pdf

This book describes the exciting discovery of every isotope observed on earth to date, which currently numbers some 3000. The discoveries are arranged in chapters according to the observation techniques or production methods. Each chapter contains tables listing the first authors of the first publication as well as details about the production and detection methods used. At the end, a comprehensive table lists all isotopes sorted by elements. The book is based on individual paragraphs for each isotope, which were published over the last few years as separate articles in the journal “Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables”. The work re-evaluates all prior assignments judging them with a uniform set of criteria. In addition, the author includes over 100 new isotopes which have been discovered since the articles published. This book is a source of information for researchers as well as enthusiastic laymen alike. From the prepublication review: “The explanations focus on the essentials, which makes the various chapters pleasingly compact. The phrasing is well understandable also for non-experts. This makes the book easy to read, even thrilling. I have to confess that parts of the manuscript I was even reading as an evening lecture in the bed, so exciting was the history of isotope discoveries.” Sigurd Hofmann, Helmholtz Professor at GSI Darmstadt, Germany, and a leading expert in superheavy nuclei

Author : Alfred Romer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Science
ISBN : 0883076284

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Radiochemistry and the Discovery of Isotopes by Alfred Romer Pdf

Author : Lykknes Annette,Van Tiggelen Brigitte
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2019-08-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811206306

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Women In Their Element: Selected Women's Contributions To The Periodic System by Lykknes Annette,Van Tiggelen Brigitte Pdf

This year we celebrate the 150th anniversary of Mendeleev's first publication of the Periodic Table of Elements. This book offers an original viewpoint on the history of the Periodic Table: a collective volume with short illustrated papers on women and their contribution to the building and the understanding of the Periodic Table and of the elements themselves.Few existing texts deal with women's contributions to the Periodic Table. A book on women's work will help make historical women chemists more visible, as well as shed light on the multifaceted character of the work on the chemical elements and their periodic relationships. Stories of female input, the editors believe, will contribute to the understanding of the nature of science, of collaboration as opposed to the traditional depiction of the lone genius.While the discovery of elements will be a natural part of this collective work, the editors aim to go beyond discovery histories. Stories of women contributors to the chemistry of the elements will also include understanding the concept of element, identifying properties, developing analytical methods, mapping the radioactive series, finding applications of elements, and the participation of women as audiences when new elements were presented at lectures.As for the selection of women, the chapters include pre-periodic table contributions as well as recent discoveries, unknown stories as well as more famous ones. The main emphasis will be on work conducted in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Furthermore, the book includes elements from different groups in the periodic table, so as to represent a variety of chemical contexts.'As with the discoveries themselves, bringing these tales of female scientists to light has taken much teamwork, including by contributors Gisela Boeck, John Hudson, Claire Murray, Jessica Wade, Mary Mark Ockerbloom, Marelene Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey Rayner-Canham, Xavier Roqué, Matt Shindell and Ignacio Suay-Matallana.Tracing women in the history of chemistry unveils a fuller picture of all the people working on scientific discoveries, from unpaid assistants and technicians to leaders of great labs. In this celebratory year of the periodic table, it is crucial to recognize how it has been built — and continues to be shaped — by these individual efforts and broad collaborations.'Nature 565, 559-561 (2019)

Author : Philip Ball
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2004-04-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780192840998

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The Elements: A Very Short Introduction by Philip Ball Pdf

This Very Short Introduction traces the history and cultural impact of the elements on humankind, and examines why people have long sought to identify the substances around them. Looking beyond the Periodic Table, the author takes the reader on an engaging and entertaining tour: from the Greek philosophers who propounded a system with four elements - earth, air, fire, and water - to the modern-day scientists who are able to create their own.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Biomedical Isotopes
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1995-01-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309176699

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Isotopes for Medicine and the Life Sciences by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Biomedical Isotopes Pdf

Radioactive isotopes and enriched stable isotopes are used widely in medicine, agriculture, industry, and science, where their application allows us to perform many tasks more accurately, more simply, less expensively, and more quickly than would otherwise be possible. Indeed, in many casesâ€"for example, biological tracersâ€"there is no alternative. In a stellar example of "technology transfer" that began before the term was popular, the Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessors has supported the development and application of isotopes and their transfer to the private sector. The DOE is now at an important crossroads: Isotope production has suffered as support for DOE's laboratories has declined. In response to a DOE request, this book is an intensive examination of isotope production and availability, including the education and training of those who will be needed to sustain the flow of radioactive and stable materials from their sources to the laboratories and medical care facilities in which they are used. Chapters include an examination of enriched stable isotopes; reactor and accelerator-produced radionuclides; partnerships among industries, national laboratories, and universities; and national isotope policy.

Author : E. Jäger,J.C. Hunziker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642671616

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Lectures in Isotope Geology by E. Jäger,J.C. Hunziker Pdf

Our colleagues from the French-speaking parts of Switzerland - the Suisses romands - and above all the committee of the 3rd Cycle, e Earth Sciences (3 Cycle, Sciences de la Terre) honored us by asking us to give a course on Isotope Geology for the year 1977. The course, entitled Evaluation et Interpretation des Donnees Isotopiques (eval uation and Interpretation of Isotopic Data), was intended to inform earth scientists, graduate and postgraduate, from the western Swiss Universities on the subject of Isotope Geology. Such courses usually consist of two parts: lectures and excursions. Thus, in March 1977, we gave such a two-week course at the Miner alogical Institute of the University of Berne. The first week was devoted essentially to the methods of dating, the second week to the behavior of stable isotopes. In July 1977, on the occasion of an excursion to the Central and Western Alps, we were able to demonstrate our results. Guest professors were invited to make contributions to the course.

Author : Jaemoon Yang
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2016-05-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128110416

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Deuterium by Jaemoon Yang Pdf

Deuterium: Discovery and Applications in Organic Chemistry provides a well-illustrated overview of the discovery of 2H or heavy hydrogen, the stable hydrogen isotope with both a proton and a neutron in its nucleus. The work introduces the isotope, its discovery, physical properties, nomenclature, and common compounds, also exploring its application in organic chemistry through classic and recent examples from literature. Finally, the book devotes one chapter to Deuterium in medicinal chemistry and the biological effects of Deuterium Oxide, better known as D2O. Provides unique coverage not found elsewhere that is presented in an accessible, dedicated short work Contains practical information and examples on the use of Deuterium (D or 2H, Heavy Hydrogen) in organic synthesis Presents a detailed description of Deuterium’s discovery and applications in the pharmaceutical industry

Author : James R Hanson
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
Page : 201 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019-04-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781788018180

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The Organic Chemistry of Isotopic Labelling by James R Hanson Pdf

The chemical synthesis of isotopically labelled compounds is a pre-requisite for many chemical, biochemical and medicinal investigations. The constraints imposed by the requirements for regiospecific labelling and, in some instances, the time-scale of the synthesis often lead to quite different synthetic strategies to those that are used for the unlabelled material. Whilst there are many specialist papers, reviews and long books devoted to particular isotopes, there is no currently available short introductory book devoted to the organic chemistry of isotopic labelling. The aim of this book is to introduce research workers to a variety of methods that have been used to achieve these synthetic labelling objectives before exploring a particular method in detail. It covers a number of different isotopes and the methods that have been used to introduce them into organic compounds. Labelling methods also provide useful undergraduate teaching examples of modern synthetic reactions and their stereochemical consequences using relatively simple substrates. The book will therefore have a wider appeal than just those involved in using isotopes in research such as environmental and pharmaceutical chemists as well as organic chemists.

Author : Huiming Bao
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2019-08-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781108682213

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Triple Oxygen Isotopes by Huiming Bao Pdf

The 'detective' power of stable isotopes for processes that occurred in the past, and for elucidating mechanisms at the molecular level, has impressed researchers over the past 100 years, since the time when isotopes of elements were first discovered. While most are interested in the normalized abundance ratios of two isotopes of an element, further power was unleashed when researchers investigated the relationship of three or more isotopes of the same element, e.g. 16O, 17O, and 18O for oxygen. This Element focuses on the history of discovery of triple isotope effects, the conceptual framework behind these effects, and major lines of development in the past few years of triple oxygen isotope research.

Author : C.P. Marshall,Rhodes W. Fairbridge
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 677 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1999-07-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780412755002

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Encyclopedia of Geochemistry by C.P. Marshall,Rhodes W. Fairbridge Pdf

This is a complete and authoritative reference text on an evolving field. Over 200 international scientists have written over 340 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including organics, trace elements, isotopes, high and low temperature geochemistry, and ore deposits, to name just a few.

Author : C. Marjorie Aelion,Patrick Höhener,Daniel Hunkeler,Ramon Aravena
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2009-11-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781420012613

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Environmental Isotopes in Biodegradation and Bioremediation by C. Marjorie Aelion,Patrick Höhener,Daniel Hunkeler,Ramon Aravena Pdf

Enhanced analytical capabilities and separation techniques, improved detection limits, and accessibility of instrumentation have led to massive strides in the use of isotopes to assess microbial processes in surface and subsurface sediments. Considering the rapid growth of research and commercial interest in stable isotope and radioisotope applicat

Author : Sabine Becker
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2008-02-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 0470517204

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Inorganic Mass Spectrometry by Sabine Becker Pdf

Providing an exhaustive review of this topic, Inorganic Mass Spectrometry: Principles and Applications provides details on all aspects of inorganic mass spectrometry, from a historical overview of the topic to the principles and functions of mass separation and ion detection systems. Offering a comprehensive treatment of inorganic mass spectrometry, topics covered include: Recent developments in instrumentation Developing analytical techniques for measurements of trace and ultratrace impurities in different materials This broad textbook in inorganic mass spectrometry, presents the most important mass spectrometric techniques used in all fields of analytical chemistry. By covering recent developments and advances in all fields of inorganic mass spectrometry, this text provides researchers and students with information to answer any questions on this topic as well as providing the basic fundamentals for understanding this potentially complex, but increasingly relevant subject.

Author : Fang-Zhen Teng,James Watkins,Nicolas Dauphas
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 901 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783110545630

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Non-Traditional Stable Isotopes by Fang-Zhen Teng,James Watkins,Nicolas Dauphas Pdf

The development of multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) makes it possible to precisely measure non-traditional stable isotopes. This volume reviews the current status of non-traditional isotope geochemistry from analytical, theoretical, and experimental approaches to analysis of natural samples. In particular, important applications to cosmochemistry, high-temperature geochemistry, low-temperature geochemistry, and geobiology are discussed. This volume provides the most comprehensive review on non-traditional isotope geochemistry for students and researchers who are interested in both the theory and applications of non-traditional stable isotope geochemistry.

Author : V.I. Ferronsky,V.A. Polyakov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 626 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400728561

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Isotopes of the Earth's Hydrosphere by V.I. Ferronsky,V.A. Polyakov Pdf

This book covers the distribution, hydrochemistry and geophysics of the naturally occurring stable isotopes namely: hydrogen, oxygen and radioactive tritium, carbon and other cosmogenic and radiogenic isotopes of the uranium-thorium series, in the oceans and in atmosphere, the earth's surface and ground water. The use of environmental isotopes in the three main areas of natural waters is discussed: origin, dynamics and residence time in natural reservoirs. The origin of the hydrosphere is examined in the light of isotopic, new cosmochemical and recent theoretical results. The book will be of interest to scientists and researchers who use environmental isotopes in solving scientific and practical problems in hydrology, hydrogeology, oceanography, meteorology, hydrogeochemistry and cosmochemistry. Lecturers, students and postgraduates in these fields will also find it useful.

Author : R. E. Criss
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1999-06-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780195117752

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Principles of Stable Isotope Distribution by R. E. Criss Pdf

1. Abundance and Measurement of Stable Isotopes. 1.1. Discovery of Isotopes. 1.2. Nuclide Types, Abundances, and Atomic Weights. 1.3. Properties and Fractionation of Isotopic Molecules. 1.4. Material Balance Relationships. 1.5. Mass Spectrometers. 1.6. Notation and Standards. 1.7. Summary. 1.8. Problems. References. 2. Isotopic Exchange and Equilibrium Fractionation. 2.1. Isotopic Exchange Reactions. 2.2. Basic Equations. 2.3. Molecular Models. 2.4. Theory of Isotopic Fractionation. 2.5. Temperature Dependence of Isotopic Fractionation Factors. 2.6. Rule of the Mean. 2.7. Isotopic Thermometers.