The Effects Of Air Pollution On The Built Environment

Author : Peter Brimblecombe
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2003-04-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781783261369

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The Effects of Air Pollution on the Built Environment by Peter Brimblecombe Pdf

Air pollution damages materials, but it has changed dramatically in the past century, with a reduction in the concentration of corrosive primary pollutants in urban atmospheres. At the same time, architectural styles and types of materials have changed, as we have moved to more organically rich, photochemically active atmospheres. Contemporary air pollutants have the potential to degrade organic coatings and polymers, which are of great importance to modern structures, while increasing amounts of fine diesel soot spoil the simple lines and smooth areas characteristic of many modern buildings. This book examines a range of materials, discussing the ways in which they are likely to be damaged by air pollutants. It should be of interest to scientists and policymakers dealing with the effects of urban air pollution. Contents: Long Term Damage to the Built Environment (P Brimblecombe & D Camuffo)Background Controls on Urban Stone Decay: Lessons from Natural Rock Weathering (B J Smith)Mechanisms of Air Pollution Damage to Stone (C Sabbioni)Mechanisms of Air Pollution Damage to Brick, Concrete and Mortar (T Yates)Salts and Crusts (M Steiger)Organic Pollutants in the Built Environment and Their Effect on the Microorganisms (C Saiz-Jimenez)Air Pollution Damage to Metals (J Tidblad & V Kucera)The Effect of Air Pollution on Glass (J Leissner)The Effects of Ozone on Materials — Experimental Evaluation of the Susceptibility of Polymeric Materials to Ozone (D S Lee et al.)The Soiling of Buildings by Air Pollution (J Watt & R Hamilton)Changes in Soiling Patterns Over Time on the Cathedral of Learning (W Tang et al.)Exposure of Buildings to Pollutants in Urban Areas: A Review of the Contributions from Different Sources (D J Hall et al.)The Whole Building and Patterns of Degradation (R Inkpen) Readership: Air pollution policymakers, environmental scientists, architects and conservators. Keywords:Weathering;Biodeterioration;Soiling;Air Pollution Damage to: Stone, Brick, Salts, Crusts, Metal, Glass, PolymersReviews:“Overall, this volume succeeds well in its aim to examine a range of materials and discuss the ways in which they are likely to be damaged by air pollutants. There is a wealth of useful information, and the wide scope means that it is of broad interest … the book is amazingly good value for a hardback specialized volume.”Environmental Conservation

Author : Tingzhen Ming,Chong Peng,Tingrui Gong,Zhengtong Li
Publisher : Springer
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2017-02-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789811038211

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Pollutant Dispersion in Built Environment by Tingzhen Ming,Chong Peng,Tingrui Gong,Zhengtong Li Pdf

This book discusses energy transfer, fluid flow and pollution in built environments. It provides a comprehensive overview of the highly detailed fundamental theories as well as the technologies used and the application of heat and mass transfer and fluid flow in built environments, with a focus on the mathematical models and computational and experimental methods. It is a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of buildings and environment, heat transfer and global warming.

Author : Vicenzo Bentivegna,P.S. Brandon,Patrizia Lombardi
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 636 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2003-09-02
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781135814397

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Evaluation of the Built Environment for Sustainability by Vicenzo Bentivegna,P.S. Brandon,Patrizia Lombardi Pdf

Sustainability in the built environment is a major issue facing policy-makers, planners, developers and designers in the UK, Europe and worldwide. The measuring of buildings and cities for sustainability becomes increasingly important as pressure for green, sustainable development translates into policy and legislation. The problems of such measurement and evaluation are presented by the authors in contributions which move from the general to the particular, e.g. from a general framework for an environmentally sustainable form of urban development to a specific input-output model application to environmental problems. The book is divided into three parts: the first covers city models and sustainable systems - research programmes, environmental policies, green corporations and collaborative strategies to make urban development more sustainable; part two discusses the problems of evaluating the built environment in planning and construction, covering economic and environmental methods and construction, development and regeneration processes; part three illustrates a number of applications using different approaches and techniques and referring to a range of environmental aspects of the natural and built environment, from maintaining historic buildings to transport management and air pollution monitoring.

Author : Susanne M. Charlesworth,Colin A. Booth
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119260486

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Urban Pollution by Susanne M. Charlesworth,Colin A. Booth Pdf

Multidisciplinary treatment of the urgent issues surrounding urban pollution worldwide Written by some of the top experts on the subject in the world, this book presents the diverse, complex and current themes of the urban pollution debate across the built environment, urban development and management continuum. It uniquely combines the science of urban pollution with associated policy that seeks to control it, and includes a comprehensive collection of international case studies showing the status of the problem worldwide. Urban Pollution: Science and Management is a multifaceted collection of chapters that address the contemporary concomitant issues of increasing urban living and associated issues with contamination by offering solutions specifically for the built environment. It covers: the impacts of urban pollution; historical urban pollution; evolution of air quality policy and management in urban areas; ground gases in urban environments; bioaccessibility of trace elements in urban environments; urban wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal; living green roofs; light pollution; river ecology; greywater recycling and reuse; containment of pollution from urban waste disposal sites; bioremediation in urban pollution mitigation; air quality monitoring; urban pollution in China and India; urban planning in sub–Saharan Africa and more. Deals with both the science and the relevant policy and management issues Examines the main sources of urban pollution Covers both first-world and developing world urban pollution issues Integrates the latest scientific research with practical case studies Deals with both legacy and emerging pollutants and their effects The integration of physical and environmental sciences, combined with social, economic and political sciences and the use of case studies makes Urban Pollution: Science and Management an incredibly useful resource for policy experts, scientists, engineers and those interested in the subject.

Author : Kathleen McCormick
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0874202825

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Intersections by Kathleen McCormick Pdf

Based on worldwide public health data, this report lays out the premise for building healthy places and illuminates the role of the real estate and development community in addressing public health issues. This is an essential resource for public officials, real estate developers, engineers, consultants, and students of urban planning.

Author : Linchuan Yang,Ruoyu Wang,Bao-Jie He,Yu Ye,Yibin Ao
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 612 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2023-02-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832513583

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The built environment and public health: New insights by Linchuan Yang,Ruoyu Wang,Bao-Jie He,Yu Ye,Yibin Ao Pdf

Author : Fariborz Haghighat,Jong-Jin Kim
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2009-11-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781848260603

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Sustainable Built Environment - Volume I by Fariborz Haghighat,Jong-Jin Kim Pdf

Sustainable Built Environment is a component of Encyclopedia of Technology, Information, and Systems Management Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Environmental conservation and technological innovation are two principal forces that drive the building industry toward the future. Technological innovation offers many opportunities to make buildings more dynamic and comfortable, and occupants more comfortable and productive. The necessity of environmental conservation, on the other hand, compels all types of developments and human activities to be environmentally responsive. The content of the Theme on Sustainable Built Environment is organized with state-of-the-art presentations covering several topics: Urban Design ; Emerging Issues in Building Design; Environment, Energy and Health in Housing Design; Culture, Management Strategies, and Policy Issues in the Sustainable Built Environment; Using Technology to Improve the Quality of City Life; Urban and Regional Transportation, which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. These two volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.

Author : John Watt,Johan Tidblad,Vladimir Kucera,Ron Hamilton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387848938

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The Effects of Air Pollution on Cultural Heritage by John Watt,Johan Tidblad,Vladimir Kucera,Ron Hamilton Pdf

This book reviews the sources of the air pollutants responsible for building damage and the mechanisms involved. Studies investigating the relationships between pollution concentration (dose) and the resulting damage (response) are described and the latest research findings for dose-response functions are presented. Trends in pollutant emissions, ambient concentrations and building damage over time are described and future predictions are presented. Methodologies for assessing the extent of the potential problem in a region – the stock at risk – are presented. Procedures for estimating the economic implications are described and the consequences are discussed in detail, because economic factors are important for reaching policy and management decisions at local, national and international scales. Damage to cultural heritage buildings is an important additional effect which needs to be considered as the standards are revised and the factors which will need to be brought into the assessment are presented.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Environmental policy
ISBN : 9781428901087

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Our built and natural environments by Anonim Pdf

Author : Andrew L. Dannenberg,Howard Frumkin,Richard J. Jackson
Publisher : Island Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-09-18
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781610910361

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Making Healthy Places by Andrew L. Dannenberg,Howard Frumkin,Richard J. Jackson Pdf

The environment that we construct affects both humans and our natural world in myriad ways. There is a pressing need to create healthy places and to reduce the health threats inherent in places already built. However, there has been little awareness of the adverse effects of what we have constructed-or the positive benefits of well designed built environments. This book provides a far-reaching follow-up to the pathbreaking Urban Sprawl and Public Health, published in 2004. That book sparked a range of inquiries into the connections between constructed environments, particularly cities and suburbs, and the health of residents, especially humans. Since then, numerous studies have extended and refined the book's research and reporting. Making Healthy Places offers a fresh and comprehensive look at this vital subject today. There is no other book with the depth, breadth, vision, and accessibility that this book offers. In addition to being of particular interest to undergraduate and graduate students in public health and urban planning, it will be essential reading for public health officials, planners, architects, landscape architects, environmentalists, and all those who care about the design of their communities. Like a well-trained doctor, Making Healthy Places presents a diagnosis of--and offers treatment for--problems related to the built environment. Drawing on the latest scientific evidence, with contributions from experts in a range of fields, it imparts a wealth of practical information, with an emphasis on demonstrated and promising solutions to commonly occurring problems.

Author : M. Santamouris
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 627 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-17
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9781134257973

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Energy and Climate in the Urban Built Environment by M. Santamouris Pdf

Both the number and percentage of people living in urban areas is growing rapidly. Up to half of the world's population is expected to be living in a city by the end of the century and there are over 170 cities in the world with populations over a million. Cities have a huge impact on the local climate and require vast quantities of energy to keep them functioning. The urban environment in turn has a big impact on the performance and needs of buildings. The size, scale and mechanism of these interactions is poorly understood and strategies to mitigate them are rarely implemented. This is the first comprehensive book to address these questions. It arises out of a programme of work (POLISTUDIES) carried out for the Save programme of the European Commission. Chapters describe not only the main problems encountered such as the heat island and canyon effects, but also a range of design solutions that can be adopted both to improve the energy performance and indoor air quality of individual buildings and to look at aspects of urban design that can reduce these climatic effects. The book concludes with some examples of innovative urban bioclimatic buildings. The project was co-ordinated by Professor Mat Santamouris from the University of Athens who is also the editor of the book. Other contributions are from the University of Thessaloniki, Greece, ENTPE, Lyons, France and the University of Stuttgart, Germany.

Author : Haneen Khreis,Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,Josias Zietsman,Tara Ramani
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 650 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2020-08-20
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9780128181232

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Traffic-Related Air Pollution by Haneen Khreis,Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,Josias Zietsman,Tara Ramani Pdf

Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP’s public health impacts Examines TRAP’s health effects at the population level Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2011-01-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309145886

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Advancing the Science of Climate Change by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,America's Climate Choices: Panel on Advancing the Science of Climate Change Pdf

Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.

Author : Graziano Salvalai,Enrico Quagliarini,Juan Diego Blanco Cadena,Gabriele Bernardini
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2024
Category : Built environment
ISBN : 9783031520938

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Slow Onset Disasters by Graziano Salvalai,Enrico Quagliarini,Juan Diego Blanco Cadena,Gabriele Bernardini Pdf

Zusammenfassung: The book provides an overview of the Slow Onset Disasters (SLOD) in the urban built environment discussing potential strategies to assess and mitigate multiple climate change related risks. Climate change evidence has been reported in the last decades, suggesting that the anthropogenic activities are accelerating these changes towards a warmer and more polluted environment. In this context, SLODs have been linked to climate change related disasters and have been stated to have a higher impact risk within dense built environment (BE). Therefore, the book presents a description of the most relevant SLODs, their significance, and confluence, the way in which scientists and entities are monitoring their progression at different scales, a structured risk assessment strategy and the deconstruction of the BE characteristics that make it more prone to SLODs risk. In addition, it highlights the necessity of adapting the traditional risk assessment methods, to account for different vulnerability types, including the morphology and materiality of the BE, and the BE users' characteristics. In fact, individual features influence users' responses and tolerance to environmental stressors, because of age, health, gender, habits, and behaviour, thus impacting the users' vulnerability. Exposure can then amplify these issues, since it defines the number of users that can be effectively affected by the SLOD. Starting from this perspective, the book first traces literature-based correlations between individual features, use behaviour, and individual response to the SLOD-altered open spaces. Then, a novel methodology, to quantify the variations of users' vulnerability and exposure, is offered, to support designers in quickly defining input scenarios for risk assessment and mitigation. Lastly, it demonstrates, through a case study, the SLOD risk assessment framework proposed and the evaluation of the efficacy of risk mitigation strategies

Author : Bhola R. Gurjar,Luisa T. Molina,C.S. P. Ojha
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2010-06-22
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781439809631

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Air Pollution by Bhola R. Gurjar,Luisa T. Molina,C.S. P. Ojha Pdf

Air pollution is recognized as one of the leading contributors to the global environmental burden of disease, even in countries with relatively low concentrations of air pollution. Air Pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts examines the effect of this complex problem on human health and the environment in different settings around the world. I