The Equidistance Tendency And Its Consequences

Author : Walter Charles Gogel
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1965
Category : Depth perception
ISBN : WISC:89059275354

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The Equidistance Tendency and Its Consequences by Walter Charles Gogel Pdf

The equidistance tendency is the tendency for objects or other inhomogeneities in the field-of-view to appear at the same distance as each other with the strength of this tendency being inversely related to directional separation. The evidence for the existence of the equidistance tendency and for its ability to modify the perceived depth resulting from size or stereoscopic cues is reviewed. The equidistance tendency is discussed as a disturbing factor in visual experimentation and as a necessary factor in the understanding of Emmert's law, the moon illusion, and similar phenomena. Several possible explanations for the equidistance tendency are evaluated in terms of the range of phenomena with which it is identified. (Author).

Author : United States. Office of Aviation Medicine
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 488 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2024-05-05
Category : Aviation medicine
ISBN : STANFORD:36105024393188

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Aviation Medical Reports by United States. Office of Aviation Medicine Pdf

Author : Walter C. Cogel
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Electronic
ISBN : WISC:89059281725

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Cue-enhancement as a function of task-set by Walter C. Cogel Pdf

Under flight conditions, as well as in other situations, judgments of the distances between objects may depend upon a variety of possible cues. In this study, the hypothesis was tested that the intention to use a particular cue relation would enhance the effectiveness of that particular cue in determining the resulting perception. For this purpose, a situation was presented in which the apparent depth position of an object in a configuration of objects would differ depending upon which of two possible cue relations (size cues) were used. The results support the conclusion that the perceived depth position of the object differed in the expected directions as a function of the task-set. The data of the study are discussed with respect to the 'adjacency principle' which states that cue efficiency is determined by the relative adjacency of objects between which the cues occur. Although the effect of cue-set upon the perception seems to be small compared with that of adjacency, it cannot completely be ignored. (Author).

Author : Maurice Hershenson
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134737383

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The Moon Illusion by Maurice Hershenson Pdf

This unique volume attempts to answer one of mankind's oldest puzzles -- why the moon appears to be larger and closer on the horizon than when it is high in the sky. Over the centuries, many viable solutions have been proposed for this psychological phenomenon. The Moon Illusion presents papers by major theorists striving to explain the illusion and providing commentaries on the works of others. Research on the moon illusion has been scattered throughout journals in many disciplines including philosophy, physiology, physics, and psychology. As the first publication to present a comprehensive treatment of the problem, this book is of vital interest to professionals whose major concern is visual perception, experimental psychology, or the neurosciences. Of additional interest to those whose focus is physics or astronomy.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1966
Category : Aeronautics
ISBN : MINN:30000006076925

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Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by Anonim Pdf

Author : Irvin Rock
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1997-03-12
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780262525565

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Indirect Perception by Irvin Rock Pdf

This posthumous volume, the culmination of a long and distinguished career, brings together an original essay by the author together with a careful selection of previously published articles (most by Rock) on the theory that perception is an indirect process in which visual experience is derived by inference, rather than being directly and independently determined by retinal stimulation. Irvin Rock was a global perceptual theorist in the grand tradition of von Helmoltz, Wertheimer, and Gibson. This posthumous volume, the culmination of a long and distinguished career, brings together an original essay by the author together with a careful selection of previously published articles (most by Rock) on the theory that perception is an indirect process in which visual experience is derived by inference, rather than being directly and independently determined by retinal stimulation. Rock's reasons for holding that perception is indirect were mainly empirical. Unlike many theorists, he paid close attention to a broad range of experimental evidence in evaluating theoretical claims. His approach, in which theory and experiment go hand in hand, is well represented in this book. In the first chapter, which is new, Rock lays out the theoretical issues underlying indirect perception. The remaining twenty-two chapters present detailed evidence in support of the indirect view. They are divided into sections covering indirect perception, organization, shape, motion, illusions, lightness, and final considerations. Each section is introduced by the author. Stephen Palmer's introduction to the book places Rock's work within the context of the history of perceptual theory—approaches formulated by Helmholtz (inferential), by the Gestaltist psychologists (organizational), and by Gibson (ecological). Cognitive Psychology series

Author : United States. National Transportation Safety Board
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Aircraft accidents
ISBN : 9781428962071

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In-flight breakup over the Atlantic Ocean, Trans World Airlines Flight 800 Boeing 747-131, N93119, near East Moriches, New York, July 17, 1996 by United States. National Transportation Safety Board Pdf

This report from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) summarizes the findings from the 1996 Trans World Airlines Flight 800 crash.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2024-05-05
Category : Aircraft accidents
ISBN : NWU:35556031880651

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Aircraft Accident Report by Anonim Pdf

Author : Ian P. Howard,Brian J. Rogers
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 756 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0195084764

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Binocular Vision and Stereopsis by Ian P. Howard,Brian J. Rogers Pdf

This is a comprehensive survey of binocular vision, with an emphasis on its role in the perception of a three-dimensional world. The central theme is biological vision. Machine vision and computational models are discussed where they contribute to an understanding of living systems.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 564 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1965
Category : Human engineering
ISBN : STANFORD:36105116559126

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Human Factors Engineering Bibliographic Series by Anonim Pdf

Author : Stephen Grossberg
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781483292700

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The Adaptive Brain II by Stephen Grossberg Pdf

The Adaptive Brain, II: Vision, Speech, Language, and Motor Control focuses on a unified theoretical analysis and predictions of important psychological and neurological data that illustrate the development of a true theory of mind and brain. The publication first elaborates on the quantized geometry of visual space and neural dynamics of form perception. Discussions focus on reflectance rivalry and spatial frequency detection, figure-ground separation by filling-in barriers, and disinhibitory propagation of functional scaling from boundaries to interiors. The text then takes a look at neural dynamics of perceptual grouping and brightness perception. Topics include simulation of a parametric binocular brightness study, smoothly varying luminance contours versus steps of luminance change, macrocircuit of processing stages, paradoxical percepts as probes of adaptive processes, and analysis of the Beck theory of textural segmentation. The book examines the neural dynamics of speech and language coding and word recognition and recall, including automatic activation and limited-capacity attention, a macrocircuit for the self-organization of recognition and recall, role of intra-list restructuring arid contextual associations, and temporal order information across item representations. The manuscript is a vital source of data for scientists and researchers interested in the development of a true theory of mind and brain.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 954 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1965
Category : Government publications
ISBN : UCBK:C023383633

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Government-wide Index to Federal Research & Development Reports by Anonim Pdf

Author : Ian P. Howard,Brian J. Rogers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 648 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-27
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199877355

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Perceiving in Depth, Volume 2: Stereoscopic Vision by Ian P. Howard,Brian J. Rogers Pdf

The three-volume work Perceiving in Depth is a sequel to Binocular Vision and Stereopsis and to Seeing in Depth, both by Ian P. Howard and Brian J. Rogers. This work is much broader in scope than the previous books and includes mechanisms of depth perception by all senses, including aural, electrosensory organs, and the somatosensory system. Volume 1 reviews sensory coding, psychophysical and analytic procedures, and basic visual mechanisms. Volume 2 reviews stereoscopic vision. Volume 3 reviews all mechanisms of depth perception other than stereoscopic vision. The three volumes are extensively illustrated and referenced and provide the most detailed review of all aspects of perceiving the three-dimensional world. Volume 2 addresses stereoscopic vision in cats and primates, including humans. It begins with an account of the physiology of stereoscopic mechanisms. It then deals with binocular rivalry, binocular summation, binocular masking, and the interocular transfer of visual effects, such as the motion aftereffect and visual learning. The geometry of the region in binocular space that creates fused images (the horopter) is discussed in some detail. Objects outside the horopter produce images with binocular disparities that are used for stereoscopic vision. Two chapters provide accounts of mechanisms that bring the images into binocular register and of stimulus tokens that are used to detect binocular disparities. Another chapter discusses cyclopean effects, such as cyclopean illusions, cyclopean motion, and binocular direction that are seen only with binocular vision. Stereoacuity is the smallest depth interval that can be detected. Methods of measuring stereoacuity and factors that influence it are discussed. Two chapters deal with the various types of binocular disparity and the role of each type in stereoscopic vision. Another chapter deals with visual effects, such as figure perception, motion perception, and whiteness perception that are affected by the relative distances of stimuli. The spatiotemporal aspects of stereoscopic vision, including the Pulfrich stereomotion effect are reviewed. The volume ends with an account of techniques used to create stereoscopic displays and of the applications of stereoscopy.

Author : Maurice Hershenson
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262581671

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Visual Space Perception by Maurice Hershenson Pdf

A renewed interest in the study of vision has attracted scholars from such diverse fields as neuroscience, computer science, mathematics, physics and philosophy. At the same time, the development of imaging devices and popularization of stereoscopic effects has increased student interest in vision. This primer provides an overview of the principles of space perception in a handbook format that should appeal to researchers as well as students. Topics covered include geometrical and distal-proximal relationships, spatial localization, stereopsis, cyclopean perception, stimulus inadequacy, pictorial cues, perceived size and shape, Gibsonian psychophysics, lateral motion, motion in depth, perceived object motion, and motion detection.

Author : Peter C. Dodwell,Terry Caelli
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2021-12-30
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000363708

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Figural Synthesis by Peter C. Dodwell,Terry Caelli Pdf

The aim of this book, originally published in 1984, was to bring together a number of approaches to this important topic. Significant advances had been made in the two decades before publication in our understanding of many aspects of the coding that occurs along the visual pathways. The major developments had been associated with probing the nature of "logical" processes, whether physiologically or psychophysically, and relatively less attention had been devoted to the problem of how such locally coded knowledge is put together to yield coherent representations of spatially (and temporally) extended patterns – that is, to figural synthesis. Thus, while a great deal was known about the responses of individual cells in the visual system to controlled stimulation, and about the specificity of the orientational and spatial-frequency tuning of channels assessed psychophysically, there had been much less discussion of how such knowledge could be brought to bear on the general problems of understanding pattern recognition.