The Evolution Of U S Health Care Spending Post World War Ii

Author : Edgar A. Peden
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781479734368

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The Evolution of U.S. Health Care Spending Post World War II by Edgar A. Peden Pdf

In 1948 Americans spent five percent of total consumption on health care. Six decades later (2009) this had risen to twenty-one percent. What happened? Why did the percentage continue to grow? And given current factors and trajectories, this probably will continue in the foreseeable future. The problem is that a larger health care percentage results in a smaller percentage of other valued consumption: housing, food, education, transportation, and so on. Finally, add health care's bureaucratic burden. Often getting health care seems more like an Inquisition than purchasing products and services from friendly merchants and medical providers. Addressing these concerns, this study examines the post-war economic history of health care spending is examined, using evolutionary economic theory and an econometric model analyzing 1948 2009 data. Important causes of health care spending growth include: 1. the initial rule change permitting employers to exclude employee health insurance premiums from taxation, 2. a feedback pattern wherein greater insurance generates greater spending, which then generates greater insurance demand, 3. a growing federal presence, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and 4. the rise of both private and public managed care services. With an ever-growing percentage of health care dollars paid by insurance, it is becoming ever-more bureaucratic, with rules governing every aspect of health care practices. The conundrum is how to get those consuming health care to become more responsible, while providing a safety net for everyone needing health care, even for those without an ability to pay. The Conclusion' discusses these issues.

Author : Dr. Edgar A. Peden
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
Page : 95 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2014-10-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781499043907

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What's Behind Out-Of-Control Us Health Care Spending? by Dr. Edgar A. Peden Pdf

In 1948 Americans spent five percent of total consumption on health care. Six decades later (2009) this had risen to twenty-one percent. What happened? Why did the percentage continue to grow? And given current factors and trajectories, this probably will continue in the foreseeable future. The problem is that a larger health care percentage results in a smaller percentage of other valued consumption: housing, food, education, transportation, and so on. Finally, add health cares bureaucratic burden. Often getting health care seems more like an Inquisition than purchasing products and services from friendly merchants and medical providers. Addressing these concerns, this study examines the post-war economic history of health care spending is examined, using evolutionary economic theory and an econometric model analyzing 19482009 data. Important causes of health care spending growth include: 1. the initial rule change permitting employers to exclude employee health insurance premiums from taxation, 2. a feedback pattern wherein greater insurance generates greater spending, which then generates greater insurance demand, 3. a growing federal presence, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and 4. the rise of both private and public managed care services. With an ever-growing percentage of health care dollars paid by insurance, it is becoming ever-more bureaucratic, with rules governing every aspect of health care practices. The conundrum is how to get those consuming health care to become more responsible, while providing a safety net for everyone needing health care, even for those without an ability to pay. The Conclusion discusses these issues.

Author : Dr. Edgar A. Peden
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2012-11-27
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781479734382

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The Evolution of U.S. Health Care Spending Post World War Ii by Dr. Edgar A. Peden Pdf

In 1948 Americans spent five percent of total consumption on health care. Six decades later (2009) this had risen to twenty-one percent. What happened? Why did the percentage continue to grow? And given current factors and trajectories, this probably will continue in the foreseeable future. The problem is that a larger health care percentage results in a smaller percentage of other valued consumption: housing, food, education, transportation, and so on. Finally, add health cares bureaucratic burden. Often getting health care seems more like an Inquisition than purchasing products and services from friendly merchants and medical providers. Addressing these concerns, this study examines the post-war economic history of health care spending is examined, using evolutionary economic theory and an econometric model analyzing 19482009 data. Important causes of health care spending growth include: 1. the initial rule change permitting employers to exclude employee health insurance premiums from taxation, 2. a feedback pattern wherein greater insurance generates greater spending, which then generates greater insurance demand, 3. a growing federal presence, such as the Medicare and Medicaid programs, and 4. the rise of both private and public managed care services. With an ever-growing percentage of health care dollars paid by insurance, it is becoming ever-more bureaucratic, with rules governing every aspect of health care practices. The conundrum is how to get those consuming health care to become more responsible, while providing a safety net for everyone needing health care, even for those without an ability to pay. The Conclusion discusses these issues.

Author : Stephen Broadberry,Mark Harrison
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2005-09-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9781139448352

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The Economics of World War I by Stephen Broadberry,Mark Harrison Pdf

This unique volume offers a definitive new history of European economies at war from 1914 to 1918. It studies how European economies mobilised for war, how existing economic institutions stood up under the strain, how economic development influenced outcomes and how wartime experience influenced post-war economic growth. Leading international experts provide the first systematic comparison of economies at war between 1914 and 1918 based on the best available data for Britain, Germany, France, Russia, the USA, Italy, Turkey, Austria-Hungary and the Netherlands. The editors' overview draws some stark lessons about the role of economic development, the importance of markets and the damage done by nationalism and protectionism. A companion volume to the acclaimed The Economics of World War II, this is a major contribution to our understanding of total war.

Author : Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health,Division of Health Care Services,Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1988-01-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309581905

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The Future of Public Health by Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health,Division of Health Care Services,Institute of Medicine Pdf

"The Nation has lost sight of its public health goals and has allowed the system of public health to fall into 'disarray'," from The Future of Public Health. This startling book contains proposals for ensuring that public health service programs are efficient and effective enough to deal not only with the topics of today, but also with those of tomorrow. In addition, the authors make recommendations for core functions in public health assessment, policy development, and service assurances, and identify the level of government--federal, state, and local--at which these functions would best be handled.

Author : Mark Jackson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2016-12-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781317318040

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Stress in Post-War Britain by Mark Jackson Pdf

In the years following World War II the health and well-being of the nation was of primary concern to the British government. The essays in this collection examine the relationship between health and stress in post-war Britain through a series of carefully connected case studies.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Employment-Based Health Benefits
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1993-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309048279

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Employment and Health Benefits by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Employment-Based Health Benefits Pdf

The United States is unique among economically advanced nations in its reliance on employers to provide health benefits voluntarily for workers and their families. Although it is well known that this system fails to reach millions of these individuals as well as others who have no connection to the work place, the system has other weaknesses. It also has many advantages. Because most proposals for health care reform assume some continued role for employers, this book makes an important contribution by describing the strength and limitations of the current system of employment-based health benefits. It provides the data and analysis needed to understand the historical, social, and economic dynamics that have shaped present-day arrangements and outlines what might be done to overcome some of the access, value, and equity problems associated with current employer, insurer, and government policies and practices. Health insurance terminology is often perplexing, and this volume defines essential concepts clearly and carefully. Using an array of primary sources, it provides a store of information on who is covered for what services at what costs, on how programs vary by employer size and industry, and on what governments doâ€"and do not doâ€"to oversee employment-based health programs. A case study adapted from real organizations' experiences illustrates some of the practical challenges in designing, managing, and revising benefit programs. The sometimes unintended and unwanted consequences of employer practices for workers and health care providers are explored. Understanding the concepts of risk, biased risk selection, and risk segmentation is fundamental to sound health care reform. This volume thoroughly examines these key concepts and how they complicate efforts to achieve efficiency and equity in health coverage and health care. With health care reform at the forefront of public attention, this volume will be important to policymakers and regulators, employee benefit managers and other executives, trade associations, and decisionmakers in the health insurance industry, as well as analysts, researchers, and students of health policy.

Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1646794974

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Global Trends 2040 by National Intelligence Council Pdf

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Author : United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1947
Category : Industrial welfare
ISBN : COLUMBIA:HS65214960

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Union Health and Welfare Plans ... by United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics Pdf

Author : Lizabeth Cohen
Publisher : Vintage
Page : 578 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2008-12-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9780307555366

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A Consumers' Republic by Lizabeth Cohen Pdf

In this signal work of history, Bancroft Prize winner and Pulitzer Prize finalist Lizabeth Cohen shows how the pursuit of prosperity after World War II fueled our pervasive consumer mentality and transformed American life. Trumpeted as a means to promote the general welfare, mass consumption quickly outgrew its economic objectives and became synonymous with patriotism, social equality, and the American Dream. Material goods came to embody the promise of America, and the power of consumers to purchase everything from vacuum cleaners to convertibles gave rise to the power of citizens to purchase political influence and effect social change. Yet despite undeniable successes and unprecedented affluence, mass consumption also fostered economic inequality and the fracturing of society along gender, class, and racial lines. In charting the complex legacy of our “Consumers’ Republic” Lizabeth Cohen has written a bold, encompassing, and profoundly influential book.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Consumption (Economics)
ISBN : IND:30000054692557

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100 Years of U.S. Consumer Spending by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309264143

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U.S. Health in International Perspective by National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on Population,Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries Pdf

The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

Author : Arthur Herman
Publisher : Random House Trade Paperbacks
Page : 434 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2013-07-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9780812982046

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Freedom's Forge by Arthur Herman Pdf

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • SELECTED BY THE ECONOMIST AS ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR “A rambunctious book that is itself alive with the animal spirits of the marketplace.”—The Wall Street Journal Freedom’s Forge reveals how two extraordinary American businessmen—General Motors automobile magnate William “Big Bill” Knudsen and shipbuilder Henry J. Kaiser—helped corral, cajole, and inspire business leaders across the country to mobilize the “arsenal of democracy” that propelled the Allies to victory in World War II. Drafting top talent from companies like Chrysler, Republic Steel, Boeing, Lockheed, GE, and Frigidaire, Knudsen and Kaiser turned auto plants into aircraft factories and civilian assembly lines into fountains of munitions. In four short years they transformed America’s army from a hollow shell into a truly global force, laying the foundations for the country’s rise as an economic as well as military superpower. Freedom’s Forge vividly re-creates American industry’s finest hour, when the nation’s business elites put aside their pursuit of profits and set about saving the world. Praise for Freedom’s Forge “A rarely told industrial saga, rich with particulars of the growing pains and eventual triumphs of American industry . . . Arthur Herman has set out to right an injustice: the loss, down history’s memory hole, of the epic achievements of American business in helping the United States and its allies win World War II.”—The New York Times Book Review “Magnificent . . . It’s not often that a historian comes up with a fresh approach to an absolutely critical element of the Allied victory in World War II, but Pulitzer finalist Herman . . . has done just that.”—Kirkus Reviews (starred review) “A compulsively readable tribute to ‘the miracle of mass production.’ ”—Publishers Weekly “The production statistics cited by Mr. Herman . . . astound.”—The Economist “[A] fantastic book.”—Forbes “Freedom’s Forge is the story of how the ingenuity and energy of the American private sector was turned loose to equip the finest military force on the face of the earth. In an era of gathering threats and shrinking defense budgets, it is a timely lesson told by one of the great historians of our time.”—Donald Rumsfeld

Author : Anonim
Publisher : National Academies
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Health insurance
ISBN : NAP:11427

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Changing the Health Care System by Anonim Pdf

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on the Future Health Care Workforce for Older Americans
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2008-09-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309115872

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Retooling for an Aging America by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on the Future Health Care Workforce for Older Americans Pdf

As the first of the nation's 78 million baby boomers begin reaching age 65 in 2011, they will face a health care workforce that is too small and woefully unprepared to meet their specific health needs. Retooling for an Aging America calls for bold initiatives starting immediately to train all health care providers in the basics of geriatric care and to prepare family members and other informal caregivers, who currently receive little or no training in how to tend to their aging loved ones. The book also recommends that Medicare, Medicaid, and other health plans pay higher rates to boost recruitment and retention of geriatric specialists and care aides. Educators and health professional groups can use Retooling for an Aging America to institute or increase formal education and training in geriatrics. Consumer groups can use the book to advocate for improving the care for older adults. Health care professional and occupational groups can use it to improve the quality of health care jobs.