The Future Of Liner Conferences In Europe

Author : Felix Dinger
Publisher : Peter Lang Pub Incorporated
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2004-01
Category : Competition, Unfair
ISBN : 0820465763

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The Future of Liner Conferences in Europe by Felix Dinger Pdf

Purpose of this study is to establish whether or not it is necessary to exempt liner conferences from the regular mechanisms of European competition law by means of a group exemption. The main proposition of the author is that there is no need to allow liner conferences to engage in joint price fixing activities, with the consequence, that the corresponding exemption should be terminated. A first argument to that effect is that liner conferences constitute oligopolies and are harmful from an economic point of view. Secondly, the author concludes from an interpretation of the requirements laid down in Art. 81 III EC that the block exemption for liner conferences embodied in Art. 3 Regulation 4056/86 cannot be reconciled with the EC Treaty. Finally, the author looks at recent changes in U.S. antitrust policy on the issue of price fixing in the liner shipping industry as an aid to develop a future strategy for the European legislator on the issue of liner conferences."

Author : Hongyan Liu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2009-09-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783642038754

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Liner Conferences in Competition Law by Hongyan Liu Pdf

A liner conference, as a self-regulation organisational form of liner shipping companies, constitutes a typical "hard-core cartel" with significant anti-competitive effect. One of the main three trade routes of liner shipping traffic is the Europe-Asia Trade, on the two ends of which both the European Community (EC) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) play important roles in the international liner shipping market. However, the competition regimes on liner conferences in both jurisdictions are not equivalent. From a comparative point of view, this book reviews the historical development of maritime policy and regulatory legislation in the EC and the PRC, catches insight into the system of regulation regime and individual provisions in substantive and procedural meaning, and finally provides a wide-ranging perspective on the future competition regulation in respect of the latest developments in both jurisdictions.

Author : Alla Pozdnakova
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2008-01-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041127174

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Liner Shipping and EU Competition Law by Alla Pozdnakova Pdf

As of October 2008, liner shipping companies lose their privileged status under EU competition law due to withdrawal of the liner conference block exemption, which generously authorized horizontal price-fixing and similar agreements between liner shipping companies. Where the liner consortia block exemption does not apply, all cooperative activity should be carefully and individually assessed under the competition provisions of the EC Treaty. Alla Pozdnakova has taken this opportunity to research and write an in-depth study of competition law problems in the liner shipping context. Her analysis is not only the first to examine the new European regime, and thus the most up-to-date study of the subject; it is in fact the first major independent study of how Articles 81 and 82 EC are construed and applied to the market conduct of liner shipping companies. In particular, the author addresses the following legal questions: * Does cooperation between liner shipping companies infringe Article 81(1) even if it does not entail hard-core restrictions of competition? * Can a cooperative arrangement between liner shipping companies claim that the efficiencies they produce outweigh the negative impact on competition (Article 81(3))? * When do certain market strategies of liner carriers become an abuse of a collective or individual dominant position (Article 82)? * Does parallel pricing behaviour infringe EC Treaty competition rules? Systematically, the author considers various market strategies of liner shipping companies and tests them as to their compatibility with EC Treaty competition provisions. In doing so, she thoroughly analyses European Commission decisions and judgments of the European courts, applying them authoritatively to the liner shipping sector. In this way, her book provides a well-structured account that clearly identifies the legal issues that liner shipping companies are likely to face once the special treatment traditionally allowed them is withdrawn. A summary of current and prospective developments in EU competition regulation and policy in liner shipping rounds up the analysis. Liner Shipping and EU Competition Law will be a unique and powerful resource for practitioners and policymakers as liner shipping companies restructure their agreements and market strategies to accommodate loss of the block exemption. It is also sure to become a definitive analysis of the legal identity of the liner shipping market sector under European competition law.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Study of the 2008 Repeal of the liner Conference Exemption from European Union Competition Law by Anonim Pdf

Author : Vincent Power
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 1996 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-19
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781317234111

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EU Shipping Law by Vincent Power Pdf

A previous winner of the Comité Maritime International’s Albert Lilar Prize for the best shipping law book worldwide, EU Shipping Law is the foremost reference work for professionals in this area. This third edition has been completely revised to include developments in the competition/antitrust regime, new safety and environmental rules, and rules governing security and ports. It includes detailed commentary and analysis of almost every aspect of EU law as it affects shipping.

Author : Michael Crew,Timothy J. Brennan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783319244549

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The Future of the Postal Sector in a Digital World by Michael Crew,Timothy J. Brennan Pdf

Worldwide, postal operators have been slow to address the threats from and opportunities created by electronic competition. The European Commission and member states are wrestling with these issues, while at the same time continuing to deal with the interrelated issues of implementing entry into postal markets and maintaining the universal service obligation. The Postal Accountability and Enhancement Act of 2006 in the U.S. exacerbated financial and managerial problems faced by USPS that result in part from electronic substitution for letter delivery. A major aim of this book is to examine policies to address postal operations in a digital world and ways in which postal operators might reinvent themselves to respond to threats and exploit opportunities. Potential opportunities examined include parcels, e-commerce, digital delivery, regulatory innovations and pricing. This book will be of interest to postal operators, regulatory commissions, consulting firms, competitors and customers, experts in the postal economics, law, and business, and those charged with the responsibility for designing and implementing postal sector policies. Researchers in regulatory economics, transportation technology and industrial organization will also find considerable food for thought in this volume.

Author : Dr Ademuni Odeke
Publisher : Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Transportation
ISBN : 9024729181

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Protectionism and the Future of International Shipping by Dr Ademuni Odeke Pdf

Author : Luis Ortiz Blanco
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 698 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2007-06-26
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781847313652

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Shipping Conferences under EC Antitrust Law by Luis Ortiz Blanco Pdf

Liner conferences are among the oldest surviving cartels in the world. Created in the 1870s they have existed since on all the world's shipping routes. With the approval or tacit acquiescence of governments everywhere, they fix freight rates, control capacity and share markets. The United Nations Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences (1974) granted them global recognition and prompted the European Community to recommend Member States to join the Convention on the Liner Code (1979) and to grant them the most generous and extraordinary block exemption from EC antitrust rules ever (1986). The European Commission's administration of the block exemption has clarified some of its aspects and, to a certain extent, limited its scope; but until very recently, it has not questioned the appropriateness of the exceptionally lenient treatment of liner shipping cartels in the European Union. After a report by the OECD Secretariat (2002) recommending abolition of antitrust immunity for shipping cartels in member countries, the European Commission launched a review of the block exemption (2003) which has led to its repeal (2006). This book studies first the origins, the early history and the regulation of liner conferences in the world and in the European Community, focusing in particular on the Regulation which granted a block exemption to liner conferences. Then, it examines one by one the four conditions for a block exemption to be granted under EC law, and concludes that none of them is fulfilled by shipping cartels. Finally, it proposes some alternative scenarios and solutions for the adequate enforcement of antitrust law in the maritime sector once the block exemption has been repealed.

Author : Proshanto K. Mukherjee,Mark Brownrigg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2013-06-12
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783642345982

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Farthing on International Shipping by Proshanto K. Mukherjee,Mark Brownrigg Pdf

The book provides an introduction to shipping in all its aspects. It is a valuable source of information for students of traditional maritime law as well as for those who seek to understand maritime and shipping services on a global scale. The text includes information and analytical content on national and international practices in shipping, including the age-old dichotomy between freedom in international shipping and the persistent demands of states to control specific maritime areas, as well as the tension between, on the one hand, the desire on the part of sovereign states to regulate and protect their shipping interests and, on the other, the abiding concern and unquestioned right of the international community to regulate the global shipping industry effectively, in order to ensure maritime safety, protection of the environment and fair competition.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 576 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Containers
ISBN : UOM:39015048083557

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Containerisation International by Anonim Pdf

Author : Alan Edward Branch,Michael Robarts
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317662594

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Branch's Elements of Shipping by Alan Edward Branch,Michael Robarts Pdf

Since it was first published in 1964, Elements of Shipping has become established as a market leader. Now in its ninth edition, Branch’s Elements of Shipping, renamed in memory of Alan Branch, has been updated throughout and revised to take in the many changes that have occurred in the shipping industry in recent years, including the impact of the economic crisis, the Panama Canal expansion and new legislation. All tables and data have been brought up-to-date and many new illustrations have been added. The book explains in a lucid, professional manner the basic elements of shipping, including operational, commercial, legal, economic, technical, managerial, logistical and financial considerations. It also explores how shipping markets behave and provides an overview of the international shipping industry and seaports. Filling a gap for the discerning reader who wishes to have a complete understanding of all the elements of the global shipping scene together with the interface with seaports, international trade and logistics, it remains essential reading for shipping executives along with students and academics with an interest in the shipping industry.

Author : European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2001-02-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789282113271

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Short Sea Shipping in Europe by European Conference of Ministers of Transport Pdf

This book shows what role short sea shipping can play in the context of modal complementarity and what challenges European policy makers will face.

Author : Mark Zacharias,Jeff Ardron
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-20
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781351216203

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Marine Policy by Mark Zacharias,Jeff Ardron Pdf

This book provides readers with a foundation in policy development and analysis, describing how policy, including legal mechanisms, are applied to the marine environment. It presents a systematic treatment of all aspects of marine policy, including climate change, energy, environmental protection, fisheries, mining and transportation. The health of marine environments worldwide is steadily declining, and these trends have been widely reported. Marine Policy summarizes the importance of the ocean governance nexus, discussing current and anticipated challenges facing marine ecosystems, human activities, and efforts to address these threats. This new, fully revised edition has been updated throughout, including content to reflect the recent advances in ocean management and international law. Chapters on shipping, energy/mining and integrated approaches to ocean management have been significantly reworked, plus completely new chapters on the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the impacts of climate change have been added. Pedagogical features for students are included throughout. Aligned with current course offerings, this book is an ideal introduction for undergraduates and graduate students taking marine affairs, science and policy courses.

Author : Alan W. Cafruny
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2023-04-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780520331679

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Ruling the Waves by Alan W. Cafruny Pdf

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1987.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Naval architecture
ISBN : UOM:39015063201951

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International Conference by Anonim Pdf