The Genocide Of The Christian Populations In The Ottoman Empire And Its Aftermath 1908 1923

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The Genocide of the Christian Populations in the Ottoman Empire and its Aftermath (1908-1923)

Taner Akçam,Theodosios Kyriakidis,Kyriakos Chatzikyriakidis
The Genocide of the Christian Populations in the Ottoman Empire and its Aftermath 1908 1923 Book PDF

Author : Taner Akçam,Theodosios Kyriakidis,Kyriakos Chatzikyriakidis
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2023-01-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000833614

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The Genocide of the Christian Populations in the Ottoman Empire and its Aftermath (1908-1923) by Taner Akçam,Theodosios Kyriakidis,Kyriakos Chatzikyriakidis Pdf

During the twilight years of the Ottoman Empire, the ethnic tensions between the minority populations within the empire led to the administration carrying out a systematic destruction of the Armenian people. This not only brought 2,000 years of Armenian civilisation within Anatolia to an end but was accompanied by the mass murder of Syriac and Greek Orthodox Christians. Containing a selection of papers presented at The Genocide of the Christian Populations of the Ottoman Empire and Its Aftermath (1908–1923) international conference, hosted by the Chair for Pontic Studies at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, this book draws on unpublished archival material and an innovative historiographical approach to analyze events and their legacy in comparative perspective. In order to understand the historical context of the Ottoman Genocide, it is important to study, apart from the Armenian case, the fate of the Greek and Assyrian peoples, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the complexity of the situation. This volume is primarily a research contribution but should also be valued as a supplementary text that would provide secondary reading for undergraduates and postgraduate students.

The Genocide of the Ottoman Greeks

Tessa Hofmann,Matthias Bjørnlund,Vasileios Meichanetsidis
The Genocide of the Ottoman Greeks Book PDF

Author : Tessa Hofmann,Matthias Bjørnlund,Vasileios Meichanetsidis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Greeks
ISBN : 0892416157

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The Genocide of the Ottoman Greeks by Tessa Hofmann,Matthias Bjørnlund,Vasileios Meichanetsidis Pdf

The period of transition from the collapse of the Ottoman Empire to the foundation of the Turkish Republic was characterized by a number of processes largely guided by a narrow elite that aimed to construct a modern, national state. One of these processes was the deliberate and planned elimination, indeed extermination, of the Christian (and certain other) minorities. The last two decades have seen a massive amount of research of the genocide of the Armenian population in the Ottoman/Turkish space; our publishing house has produced a number of works, most notable of which was the eyewitness testimony of the Leslie A. Davis, US Consul in Harput (The Slaughterhouse Province: An American Diplomat's Report on the Armenian Genocide of 1915-1917). Much less scholarly work has been done on the genocide of the Greeks of Asia Minor and Thrace; there are many reasons for this, including the fact that Turkish governments have been successful in intimidating diplomats in the context of Turkish-Greek relations of the last generation, and of subverting academic integrity (inducing some scholars to make a career as denialists supported by international NGOs, in the name of countering nationalism). Raphael Lemkin, the legal scholar who introduced the term 'genocide' into international law, formulated his early ideas on the definition of this war crime by studying the destruction of the Christians of Asia Minor, while the distinguished Turcologist (and recently deceased) Neoklis Sarris has noted that the annihilation of the Christian minorities represented an integral element in the formation of the Turkish Republic. As the editors of this volume note the recent resolution by the International Association of Genocide Scholars recognizing the Greek and Syriac genocides suggests a wider range of victim groups. This volume therefore represents an effort to provide an outline and a direction of a more extensive study of the deliberate destruction and elimination of a Greek presence that spanned over three millennia, in the space that became the Turkish Republic. The editors of this volume (themselves distinguished genocide scholars) have included article contributions on a number of areas and collaborated with distinguished scholars from Europe, the United States and Israel; they have have divided these contributions into three areas: Historical Overview, Documentation, Interpretation; Representations and Law; Genocide Education; Memorialization; Conceptualization; as well as a very extensive Bibliography.

Critical Approaches to Genocide

Hülya Adak,Fatma Müge Göçek,Ronald Grigor Suny
Critical Approaches to Genocide Book PDF

Author : Hülya Adak,Fatma Müge Göçek,Ronald Grigor Suny
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2023-09-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9780429665660

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Critical Approaches to Genocide by Hülya Adak,Fatma Müge Göçek,Ronald Grigor Suny Pdf

The study of genocide has been appropriate in emphasizing the centrality of the Holocaust; yet, other preceding episodes of mass violence are of great significance. Taking a transnational and transhistorical approach, this volume redresses and replaces the silencing of the Armenian Genocide. Scholarship relating to the history of denial, comparative approaches in the deportations and killings of Greeks and Armenians during the First World War, and women’s histories during the genocide and post-genocide proliferated during the centennial of the Armenian Genocide in 2015. Collectively, however, these studies have not been enough to offer a comprehensive account of the historical record, documentation, and interpretation of events during 1915-1916. This study seeks to bridge the gap, by unsettling nationalist narratives and addressing areas such as aesthetics, gender, and sexuality. By bringing forward various dimensions of the human experience, including the political, socioeconomic, cultural, social, gendered, and legal contexts within which such silencing occurred, the essays address the methodological silences and processes of selectivity and exclusion in scholarship on the Armenian Genocide. The interdisciplinary approach makes Critical Approaches to Genocide a useful resource for all students and scholars interested in the Armenian Genocide and memory studies.

Gender and Genocide in Cambodia

Azra Rashid
Gender and Genocide in Cambodia Book PDF

Author : Azra Rashid
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2023-10-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000988871

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Gender and Genocide in Cambodia by Azra Rashid Pdf

This book explores the multiplicity of women’s experiences in the Cambodian genocide during the four-year rule of the Khmer Rouge. The dominant discourses of genocide often speak from a patriarchal and national perspective, rendering women speechless, and yet in this volume, the female survivors of the Cambodian genocide testify not only to the specific atrocities committed during the war but also to the pre-war conditions that laid the groundwork for a gender-specific victimization of women and its continuation post-war. With the help of testimonies from Khmer women who joined the Khmer Rouge, women who experienced sexual violence during the Khmer Rouge era, women who fled the country, and the Cham women who faced expulsion from home, this book explores the diversity of women’s experiences under the Khmer Rouge. Survivors’ accounts show that a Khmer woman’s experience with the Khmer Rouge was considerably different from the experience of not only a Khmer man but also a woman from a religious or ethnic minority group or a woman who chose to join the Khmer Rouge. These differences are conveniently ignored in nationalist discourses in Cambodia and by western scholars of history and gender-based violence, and they are given even less consideration in discourses about women survivors in diaspora. Instead of forcing generalization and universalization of gendered crimes of war, Gender and Genocide in Cambodia employs feminist curiosity and closely examines women’s experiences under the Khmer Rouge from multiple vantage points. This volume is essential reading for students and scholars interested in gender and cultural studies, political history, and modern history.

Genocide in the Ottoman Empire

George N. Shirinian
Genocide in the Ottoman Empire Book PDF

Author : George N. Shirinian
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2017-02-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781785334337

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Genocide in the Ottoman Empire by George N. Shirinian Pdf

The final years of the Ottoman Empire were catastrophic ones for its non-Turkish, non-Muslim minorities. From 1913 to 1923, its rulers deported, killed, or otherwise persecuted staggering numbers of citizens in an attempt to preserve “Turkey for the Turks,” setting a modern precedent for how a regime can commit genocide in pursuit of political ends while largely escaping accountability. While this brutal history is most widely known in the case of the Armenian genocide, few appreciate the extent to which the Empire’s Assyrian and Greek subjects suffered and died under similar policies. This comprehensive volume is the first to broadly examine the genocides of the Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks in comparative fashion, analyzing the similarities and differences among them and giving crucial context to present-day calls for recognition.

The Thirty-Year Genocide

Benny Morris,Dror Ze’evi
The Thirty Year Genocide Book PDF

Author : Benny Morris,Dror Ze’evi
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 636 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2019-04-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674240087

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The Thirty-Year Genocide by Benny Morris,Dror Ze’evi Pdf

From 1894 to 1924 three waves of violence swept across Anatolia, targeting the region’s Christian minorities. Benny Morris and Dror Ze’evi’s impeccably researched account is the first to show that the three were actually part of a single, continuing, and intentional effort to wipe out Anatolia’s Christian population and create a pure Muslim nation.

Collective and State Violence in Turkey

Stephan Astourian,Raymond Kévorkian
Collective and State Violence in Turkey Book PDF

Author : Stephan Astourian,Raymond Kévorkian
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 590 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2020-11-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781789204513

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Collective and State Violence in Turkey by Stephan Astourian,Raymond Kévorkian Pdf

Turkey has gone through significant transformations over the last century—from the Ottoman Empire and Young Turk era to the Republic of today—but throughout it has demonstrated troubling continuities in its encouragement and deployment of mass violence. In particular, the construction of a Muslim-Turkish identity has been achieved in part by designating “internal enemies” at whom public hatred can be directed. This volume provides a wide range of case studies and historiographical reflections on the alarming recurrence of such violence in Turkish history, as atrocities against varied ethnic-religious groups from the nineteenth century to today have propelled the nation’s very sense of itself.

Late Ottoman Genocides

Dominik J. Schaller,Jürgen Zimmerer
Late Ottoman Genocides Book PDF

Author : Dominik J. Schaller,Jürgen Zimmerer
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2013-09-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317990451

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Late Ottoman Genocides by Dominik J. Schaller,Jürgen Zimmerer Pdf

The Armenian Genocide has lately attracted a lot of attention, despite the Turkish government's attempts at denial. It has been developed into a central obstacle to Turkey's entry into the European Union. As such it attracts the highest political and public attention. What is largely ignored in the debate, however, is the fact that Armenians were not the only victims of the Young Turk's genocidal population policies. What is still largely forgotten is the murder, expulsion and deportation of other ethnic groups like Assyrians, Greeks, Kurds and Arabs by the Young Turks. This not only increases the number of victims, but also changes the perspective on the foundation of modern Turkey and as such on modern Turkish history more generally. The Thematic Issue of the JGR, the republication of which is proposed here, is the first publication, which addresses these wider issues. It contributes not only to our understanding of the Young Turks' population and extermination policies in all its complexities and so helping to bring the forgotten victims' stories "back" into genocide scholarship, but to our understanding of modern Turkey more generally. It is an indispensable tool for everybody interested in one of the great historical controversies of our time. This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of Genocide Research.

The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity

Taner Akçam
The Young Turks Crime Against Humanity Book PDF

Author : Taner Akçam
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 528 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2013-08-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691159560

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The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity by Taner Akçam Pdf

An unprecedented look at secret documents showing the deliberate nature of the Armenian genocide Introducing new evidence from more than 600 secret Ottoman documents, this book demonstrates in unprecedented detail that the Armenian Genocide and the expulsion of Greeks from the late Ottoman Empire resulted from an official effort to rid the empire of its Christian subjects. Presenting these previously inaccessible documents along with expert context and analysis, Taner Akçam's most authoritative work to date goes deep inside the bureaucratic machinery of Ottoman Turkey to show how a dying empire embraced genocide and ethnic cleansing. Although the deportation and killing of Armenians was internationally condemned in 1915 as a "crime against humanity and civilization," the Ottoman government initiated a policy of denial that is still maintained by the Turkish Republic. The case for Turkey's "official history" rests on documents from the Ottoman imperial archives, to which access has been heavily restricted until recently. It is this very source that Akçam now uses to overturn the official narrative. The documents presented here attest to a late-Ottoman policy of Turkification, the goal of which was no less than the radical demographic transformation of Anatolia. To that end, about one-third of Anatolia's 15 million people were displaced, deported, expelled, or massacred, destroying the ethno-religious diversity of an ancient cultural crossroads of East and West, and paving the way for the Turkish Republic. By uncovering the central roles played by demographic engineering and assimilation in the Armenian Genocide, this book will fundamentally change how this crime is understood and show that physical destruction is not the only aspect of the genocidal process.

The Politics of Self-Determination

Volker Prott
The Politics of Self Determination Book PDF

Author : Volker Prott
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9780191083549

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The Politics of Self-Determination by Volker Prott Pdf

The Politics of Self-Determination examines the territorial restructuring of Europe between 1917 and 1923, when a radically new and highly fragile peace order was established. It opens with an exploration of the peace planning efforts of Great Britain, France, and the United States in the final phase of the First World War. It then provides an in-depth view on the practice of Allied border drawing at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, focussing on a new factor in foreign policymaking-academic experts employed by the three Allied states to aid in peace planning and border drawing. This examination of the international level is juxtaposed with two case studies of disputed regions where the newly drawn borders caused ethnic violence, albeit with different results: the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France in 1918-19, and the Greek-Turkish War between 1919 and 1922. A final chapter investigates the approach of the League of Nations to territorial revisionism and minority rights, thereby assessing the chances and dangers of the Paris peace order over the course of the 1920s and 1930s. Volker Prott argues that at both the international and the local levels, the 'temptation of violence' drove key actors to simplify the acclaimed principle of national self-determination and use ethnic definitions of national identity. While the Allies thus hoped to avoid uncomfortable decisions and painstaking efforts to establish an elusive popular will, local elites, administrations, and paramilitary leaders soon used ethnic notions of identity to mobilise popular support under the guise of international legitimacy. Henceforth, national self-determination ceased to be a tool of peace-making and instead became an ideology of violent resistance.

The Armenian Genocide

Alan Whitehorn
The Armenian Genocide Book PDF

Author : Alan Whitehorn
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2015-05-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9798216049241

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The Armenian Genocide by Alan Whitehorn Pdf

With its analytical introductory essays, more than 140 individual entries, a historical timeline, and primary documents, this book provides an essential reference volume on the Armenian Genocide. The Armenian Genocide has often been considered a template for subsequent genocides and is one of the first genocides of the 20th century. As such, it holds crucial historical significance, and it is critically important that today's students understand this case study of inhumanity. This book provides a much-needed, long-overdue reference volume on the Armenian Genocide. It begins with seven introductory analytical essays that provide a broad overview of the Armenian Genocide and then presents individual entries, a historical timeline, and a selection of documents. This essential reference work covers all aspects of the Armenian Genocide, including the causes, phases, and consequences. It explores political and historical perspectives as well as the cultural aspects. The carefully selected collection of perspective essays will inspire critical thinking and provide readers with insight into some of the most controversial and significant issues of the Armenian Genocide. Similarly, the primary source documents are prefaced by thoughtful introductions that will provide the necessary context to help students understand the significance of the material.

Modern Genocide [4 volumes]

Paul R. Bartrop,Steven Leonard Jacobs
Modern Genocide 4 volumes Book PDF

Author : Paul R. Bartrop,Steven Leonard Jacobs
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 2433 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2014-12-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781610693646

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Modern Genocide [4 volumes] by Paul R. Bartrop,Steven Leonard Jacobs Pdf

This massive, four-volume work provides students with a close examination of 10 modern genocides enhanced by documents and introductions that provide additional historical and contemporary context for learning about and understanding these tragic events. Modern Genocide: The Definitive Resource and Document Collection spans nearly 1,700 pages presented in four volumes and includes more than 120 primary source documents, making it ideal for high school and beginning college students studying modern genocide as part of a larger world history curriculum. The coverage for each modern genocide, from Herero to Darfur, begins with an introductory essay that helps students conceptualize the conflict within an international context and enables them to better understand the complex role genocide has played in the modern world. There are hundreds of entries on atrocities, organizations, individuals, and other aspects of genocide, each written to serve as a springboard to meaningful discussion and further research. The coverage of each genocide includes an introductory overview, an explanation of the causes, consequences, perpetrators, victims, and bystanders; the international reaction; a timeline of events; an Analyze section that poses tough questions for readers to consider and provides scholarly, pro-and-con responses to these historical conundrums; and reference entries. This integrated examination of genocides occurring in the modern era not only presents an unprecedented research tool on the subject but also challenges the readers to go back and examine other events historically and, consequently, consider important questions about human society in the present and the future.

Routledge Handbook of Citizenship in the Middle East and North Africa

Roel Meijer,James N. Sater,Zahra R. Babar
Routledge Handbook of Citizenship in the Middle East and North Africa Book PDF

Author : Roel Meijer,James N. Sater,Zahra R. Babar
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 515 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2020-11-23
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429608803

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Routledge Handbook of Citizenship in the Middle East and North Africa by Roel Meijer,James N. Sater,Zahra R. Babar Pdf

This comprehensive Handbook gives an overview of the political, social, economic and legal dimensions of citizenship in the Middle East and North Africa from the nineteenth century to the present. The terms citizen and citizenship are mostly used by researchers in an off-hand, self-evident manner. A citizen is assumed to have standard rights and duties that everyone enjoys. However, citizenship is a complex legal, social, economic, cultural, ethical and religious concept and practice. Since the rise of the modern bureaucratic state, in each country of the Middle East and North Africa, citizenship has developed differently. In addition, rights are highly differentiated within one country, ranging from privileged, underprivileged and discriminated citizens to non-citizens. Through its dual nature as instrument of state control, as well as a source of citizen rights and entitlements, citizenship provides crucial insights into state-citizen relations and the services the state provides, as well as the way citizens respond to these actions. This volume focuses on five themes that cover the crucial dimensions of citizenship in the region: Historical trajectory of citizenship since the nineteenth century until independence Creation of citizenship from above by the state Different discourses of rights and forms of contestation developed by social movements and society Mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion Politics of citizenship, nationality and migration Covering the main dimensions of citizenship, this multidisciplinary book is a key resource for students and scholars interested in citizenship, politics, economics, history, migration and refugees in the Middle East and North Africa.

The Blight of Asia

George Horton
The Blight of Asia Book PDF

Author : George Horton
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2017-04-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1545455058

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The Blight of Asia by George Horton Pdf

The Blight of Asia contains first-hand accounts of the Christian massacres which took place in Turkey and Greece during the early 20th century. George Horton worked in the Diplomatic Corps of the United States, and was posted to Greece and the Ottoman Empire for most of his career as a diplomatic attache. Working across several offices in what is now Turkey and Greece, he witnessed the chaotic fall of the Ottoman government - a period in which great numbers of people were killed by Islamists for their ethnicity and their faith. The grim accounts of continuous, sustained persecution of Christian peoples in various cities and districts spares no detail. Horton felt repulsed by the often Medieval-toned barbarism and inhumanity of the killings; the 'Blight of Asia' is Horton's shorthand term for the horrors unleashed by the Ottoman Empire during its final years. Partly biographical, this memoir charts Horton's life in the different diplomatic offices. After introducing the book with historical mentions of earlier killings, the detailed main body of work - inclusive of sometimes horrifying eyewitness accounts dating from 1909 onward - is presented to the reader. Horton was catapulted to fame for authoring this book. His systematic method, which details the various massacres of Christians in Asia Minor and Greece during the early 20th century, is eloquent, civilized and composed in the face of terrible inhumanity. Perhaps the worst single event was the Great Fire of Smyrna in September 1922, wherein many thousands of people were immolated in the maelstrom. Some modern scholars, such as Biray Kolluoglu Kırlı and Peter M. Buzanski, have criticized what they perceive as Horton's anti-Turkey bias, noting his ideological opinions and the fact his wife was Greek. However, The Blight of Asia remains one of the most influential and important sources regarding these bloody episodes in Turkish and Greek history.

Conceptualizing Mass Violence

Navras J. Aafreedi,Priya Singh
Conceptualizing Mass Violence Book PDF

Author : Navras J. Aafreedi,Priya Singh
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000381313

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Conceptualizing Mass Violence by Navras J. Aafreedi,Priya Singh Pdf

Conceptualizing Mass Violence draws attention to the conspicuous inability to inhibit mass violence in myriads forms and considers the plausible reasons for doing so. Focusing on a postcolonial perspective, the volume seeks to popularize and institutionalize the study of mass violence in South Asia. The essays explore and deliberate upon the varied aspects of mass violence, namely revisionism, reconstruction, atrocities, trauma, memorialization and literature, the need for Holocaust education, and the criticality of dialogue and reconciliation. The language, content, and characteristics of mass violence/genocide explicitly reinforce its aggressive, transmuting, and multifaceted character and the consequent necessity to understand the same in a nuanced manner. The book is an attempt to do so as it takes episodes of mass violence for case study from all inhabited continents, from the twentieth century to the present. The volume studies ‘consciously enforced mass violence’ through an interdisciplinary approach and suggests that dialogue aimed at reconciliation is perhaps the singular agency via which a solution could be achieved from mass violence in the global context. The volume is essential reading for postgraduate students and scholars from the interdisciplinary fields of Holocaust and Genocide Studies, History, Political Science, Sociology, World History, Human Rights, and Global Studies.