The History Of The Gulag

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Gulag

Anne Applebaum
Gulag Book PDF

Author : Anne Applebaum
Publisher : Anchor
Page : 738 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2007-12-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9780307426123

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Gulag by Anne Applebaum Pdf

PULITZER PRIZE WINNER • This magisterial and acclaimed history offers the first fully documented portrait of the Gulag, from its origins in the Russian Revolution, through its expansion under Stalin, to its collapse in the era of glasnost. “A tragic testimony to how evil ideologically inspired dictatorships can be.” –The New York Times The Gulag—a vast array of Soviet concentration camps that held millions of political and criminal prisoners—was a system of repression and punishment that terrorized the entire society, embodying the worst tendencies of Soviet communism. Applebaum intimately re-creates what life was like in the camps and links them to the larger history of the Soviet Union. Immediately recognized as a landmark and long-overdue work of scholarship, Gulag is an essential book for anyone who wishes to understand the history of the twentieth century.

The History of the Gulag

Oleg V. Khlevniuk
The History of the Gulag Book PDF

Author : Oleg V. Khlevniuk
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 441 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780300092844

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The History of the Gulag by Oleg V. Khlevniuk Pdf

The human cost of the Gulag, the Soviet labor camp system in which millions of people were imprisoned between 1920 and 1956, was staggering. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and others after him have written movingly about the Gulag, yet never has there been a thorough historical study of this unique and tragic episode in Soviet history. This groundbreaking book presents the first comprehensive, historically accurate account of the camp system. Russian historian Oleg Khlevniuk has mined the contents of extensive archives, including long-suppressed state and Communist Party documents, to uncover the secrets of the Gulag and how it became a central component of Soviet ideology and social policy.

Origins Of The Gulag

Michael Jakobson
Origins Of The Gulag Book PDF

Author : Michael Jakobson
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2014-07-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780813161389

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Origins Of The Gulag by Michael Jakobson Pdf

A vast network of prison camps was an essential part of the Stalinist system. Conditions in the camps were brutal, life expectancy short. At their peak, they housed millions, and hardly an individual in the Soviet Union remained untouched by their tentacles. Michael Jakobson's is the first study to examine the most crucial period in the history of the camps: from the October Revolution of 1917, when the tsarist prison system was destroyed to October 1934, when all places of confinement were consolidated under one agency -- the infamous GULAG. The prison camps served the Soviet government in many ways: to isolate opponents and frighten the population into submission, to increase labor productivity through the arrest of "inefficient" workers, and to provide labor for factories, mines, lumbering, and construction projects. Jakobson focuses on the structure and interrelations of prison agencies, the Bolshevik views of crime and punishment and inmate reeducation, and prison self-sufficiency. He also describes how political conditions and competition among prison agencies contributed to an unprecedented expansion of the system. Finally, he disputes the official claim of 1931 that the system was profitable -- a claim long accepted by former inmates and Western researchers and used to explain the proliferation of the camps and their population. Did Marxism or the Bolshevik Revolution or Leninism inexorably lead to the GULAG system? Were its origins truly evil or merely banal? Jakobson's important book probes the official record to cast new light on a system that for a time supported but ultimately helped destroy the now fallen Soviet colossus.

The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956

Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn
The Gulag Archipelago 1918 1956 Book PDF

Author : Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn
Publisher : Harper Perennial Modern Classics
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2002-02-01
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 0060007761

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The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956 by Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn Pdf

Drawing on his own incarceration and exile, as well as on evidence from more than 200 fellow prisoners and Soviet archives, Aleksandr I. Solzhenitsyn reveals the entire apparatus of Soviet repression -- the state within the state that ruled all-powerfully. Through truly Shakespearean portraits of its victims -- men, women, and children -- we encounter secret police operations, labor camps and prisons; the uprooting or extermination of whole populations, the "welcome" that awaited Russian soldiers who had been German prisoners of war. Yet we also witness the astounding moral courage of the incorruptible, who, defenseless, endured great brutality and degradation. The Gulag Archipelago 1918-1956 -- a grisly indictment of a regime, fashioned here into a veritable literary miracle -- has now been updated with a new introduction that includes the fall of the Soviet Union and Solzhenitsyn's move back to Russia.

Death and Redemption

Steven A. Barnes
Death and Redemption Book PDF

Author : Steven A. Barnes
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2011-04-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781400838615

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Death and Redemption by Steven A. Barnes Pdf

Death and Redemption offers a fundamental reinterpretation of the role of the Gulag--the Soviet Union's vast system of forced-labor camps, internal exile, and prisons--in Soviet society. Soviet authorities undoubtedly had the means to exterminate all the prisoners who passed through the Gulag, but unlike the Nazis they did not conceive of their concentration camps as instruments of genocide. In this provocative book, Steven Barnes argues that the Gulag must be understood primarily as a penal institution where prisoners were given one final chance to reintegrate into Soviet society. Millions whom authorities deemed "reeducated" through brutal forced labor were allowed to leave. Millions more who "failed" never got out alive. Drawing on newly opened archives in Russia and Kazakhstan as well as memoirs by actual prisoners, Barnes shows how the Gulag was integral to the Soviet goal of building a utopian socialist society. He takes readers into the Gulag itself, focusing on one outpost of the Gulag system in the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan, a location that featured the full panoply of Soviet detention institutions. Barnes traces the Gulag experience from its beginnings after the 1917 Russian Revolution to its decline following the 1953 death of Stalin. Death and Redemption reveals how the Gulag defined the border between those who would reenter Soviet society and those who would be excluded through death.

Labour And The Gulag

Giles Udy
Labour And The Gulag Book PDF

Author : Giles Udy
Publisher : Biteback Publishing
Page : 530 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2017-04-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781785902659

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Labour And The Gulag by Giles Udy Pdf

The Labour Party welcomed the Russian Revolution in 1917: it paved the way for the birth of a socialist superpower and ushered in a new era in Soviet governance. Labour excused the Bolshevik excesses and prepared for its own revolution in Britain. In 1929, Stalin deported hundreds of thousands of men, women and children to work in labour camps. Subjected to appalling treatment, thousands died. When news of the camps leaked out in Britain, there were protests demanding the government ban imports of timber cut by slave labourers. The Labour government of the day dismissed mistreatment claims as Tory propaganda and blocked appeals for an inquiry. Despite the Cabinet privately acknowledging the harsh realities of the work camps, Soviet denials were publicly repeated as fact. One Labour minister even defended them as part of 'a remarkable economic experiment'. Labour and the Gulag explains how Britain's Labour Party was seduced by the promise of a socialist utopia and enamoured of a Russian Communist system it sought to emulate. It reveals the moral compromises Labour made, and how it turned its back on the people in order to further its own political agenda.

Women of the Gulag

Paul R. Gregory
Women of the Gulag Book PDF

Author : Paul R. Gregory
Publisher : Hoover Institution Press
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2013-09-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780817915766

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Women of the Gulag by Paul R. Gregory Pdf

During the course of three decades, Joseph Stalin’s Gulag, a vast network of forced labor camps and settlements, held many millions of prisoners. People in every corner of the Soviet Union lived in daily terror of imprisonment and execution. In researching the surviving threads of memoirs and oral reminiscences of five women victimized by the Gulag, author Paul R. Gregory has stitched together a collection of stories from the female perspective, a view in short supply. Capturing the fear, paranoia, and unbearable hardship that were hallmarks of Stalin’s Great Terror, Gregory relates the stories of five women from different social strata and regions in vivid prose, from their pre-Gulag lives, through their struggles to survive in the repressive atmosphere of the late 1930s and early 1940s, to the difficulties facing the four who survived as they adjusted to life after the Gulag. These firsthand accounts illustrate how even the wrong word could become a crime against the state. The book begins with a synopsis of Stalin’s rise to power, the roots of the Gulag, and the scheming and plotting that led to and persisted in one of the bloodiest, most egregious dictatorships of the 20th century.

The Gulag After Stalin

Jeffrey S. Hardy
The Gulag After Stalin Book PDF

Author : Jeffrey S. Hardy
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2016-10-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781501706042

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The Gulag After Stalin by Jeffrey S. Hardy Pdf

In The Gulag after Stalin, Jeffrey S. Hardy reveals how the vast Soviet penal system was reimagined and reformed in the wake of Stalin’s death. Hardy argues that penal reform in the 1950s was a serious endeavor intended to transform the Gulag into a humane institution that reeducated criminals into honest Soviet citizens. Under the leadership of Minister of Internal Affairs Nikolai Dudorov, a Khrushchev appointee, this drive to change the Gulag into a "progressive" system where criminals were reformed through a combination of education, vocational training, leniency, sport, labor, cultural programs, and self-governance was both sincere and at least partially effective. The new vision for the Gulag faced many obstacles. Reeducation proved difficult to quantify, a serious liability in a statistics-obsessed state. The entrenched habits of Gulag officials and the prisoner-guard power dynamic mitigated the effect of the post-Stalin reforms. And the Soviet public never fully accepted the new policies of leniency and the humane treatment of criminals. In the late 1950s, they joined with a coalition of party officials, criminologists, procurators, newspaper reporters, and some penal administrators to rally around the slogan "The camp is not a resort" and succeeded in reimposing harsher conditions for inmates. By the mid-1960s the Soviet Gulag had emerged as a hybrid system forged from the old Stalinist system, the vision promoted by Khrushchev and others in the mid-1950s, and the ensuing counterreform movement. This new penal equilibrium largely persisted until the fall of the Soviet Union.

Golden Gulag

Ruth Wilson Gilmore
Golden Gulag Book PDF

Author : Ruth Wilson Gilmore
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 413 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2007-01-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780520938038

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Golden Gulag by Ruth Wilson Gilmore Pdf

Since 1980, the number of people in U.S. prisons has increased more than 450%. Despite a crime rate that has been falling steadily for decades, California has led the way in this explosion, with what a state analyst called "the biggest prison building project in the history of the world." Golden Gulag provides the first detailed explanation for that buildup by looking at how political and economic forces, ranging from global to local, conjoined to produce the prison boom. In an informed and impassioned account, Ruth Wilson Gilmore examines this issue through statewide, rural, and urban perspectives to explain how the expansion developed from surpluses of finance capital, labor, land, and state capacity. Detailing crises that hit California’s economy with particular ferocity, she argues that defeats of radical struggles, weakening of labor, and shifting patterns of capital investment have been key conditions for prison growth. The results—a vast and expensive prison system, a huge number of incarcerated young people of color, and the increase in punitive justice such as the "three strikes" law—pose profound and troubling questions for the future of California, the United States, and the world. Golden Gulag provides a rich context for this complex dilemma, and at the same time challenges many cherished assumptions about who benefits and who suffers from the state’s commitment to prison expansion.

Iron Curtain

Anne Applebaum
Iron Curtain Book PDF

Author : Anne Applebaum
Publisher : Anchor
Page : 803 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2012-10-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780385536431

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Iron Curtain by Anne Applebaum Pdf

In the long-awaited follow-up to her Pulitzer Prize-winning Gulag, acclaimed journalist Anne Applebaum delivers a groundbreaking history of how Communism took over Eastern Europe after World War II and transformed in frightening fashion the individuals who came under its sway. At the end of World War II, the Soviet Union to its surprise and delight found itself in control of a huge swath of territory in Eastern Europe. Stalin and his secret police set out to convert a dozen radically different countries to Communism, a completely new political and moral system. In Iron Curtain, Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Anne Applebaum describes how the Communist regimes of Eastern Europe were created and what daily life was like once they were complete. She draws on newly opened East European archives, interviews, and personal accounts translated for the first time to portray in devastating detail the dilemmas faced by millions of individuals trying to adjust to a way of life that challenged their every belief and took away everything they had accumulated. Today the Soviet Bloc is a lost civilization, one whose cruelty, paranoia, bizarre morality, and strange aesthetics Applebaum captures in the electrifying pages of Iron Curtain.

The Gulag at War

Edwin Bacon
The Gulag at War Book PDF

Author : Edwin Bacon
Publisher : Springer
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1994-09-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781349142750

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The Gulag at War by Edwin Bacon Pdf

The Gulag at War reveals for the first time official documents kept in the archives of the Soviet forced labour system. An assessment of previous western and Russian studies of the Gulag is followed by a description of its origins. The bulk of the book then concentrates on the labour camps during the Second World War years. New information is revealed regarding prisoner numbers, living conditions, the organisation of forced labour, economic production, and rebellion in the camps.

Gulag Town, Company Town

Alan Barenberg
Gulag Town Company Town Book PDF

Author : Alan Barenberg
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2014-08-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780300179446

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Gulag Town, Company Town by Alan Barenberg Pdf

"The notorious Soviet Gulag gets a radical reinterpretation in this remarkable work of cutting-edge history. By examining the history of Vorkuta, an Arctic coal-mining outpost established in the 1930s as a prison camp complex, Alan Barenberg's insightfulstudy tests the idea that the Gulag was an 'archipelago' separated from Soviet society at large"--Cover.

Rethinking the Gulag

Alan Barenberg,Emily D. Johnson
Rethinking the Gulag Book PDF

Author : Alan Barenberg,Emily D. Johnson
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2022-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9780253059604

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Rethinking the Gulag by Alan Barenberg,Emily D. Johnson Pdf

The Soviet Gulag was one of the largest, most complex, and deadliest systems of incarceration in the 20th century. What lessons can we learn from its network of labor camps and prisons and exile settlements, which stretched across vast geographic expanses, included varied institutions, and brought together inmates from all the Soviet Union's ethnicities, professions, and social classes? Drawing on a massive body of documentary evidence, Rethinking the Gulag: Identities, Sources, Legacies explores the Soviet penal system from various disciplinary perspectives. Divided into three sections, the collection first considers "identities"—the lived experiences of contingents of detainees who have rarely figured in Gulag histories to date, such as common criminals and clerics. The second section surveys "sources" to explore the ways new research methods can revolutionize our understanding of the system. The third section studies "legacies" to reveal the aftermath of the Gulag, including the folk beliefs and traditions it has inspired and the museums built to memorialize it. While all the chapters respond to one another, each section also concludes with a reaction by a leading researcher: geographer Judith Pallot, historian Lynne Viola, and cultural historian and literary scholar Alexander Etkind. Moving away from grand metaphorical or theoretical models, Rethinking the Gulag instead unearths the complexities and nuances of experience that represent a primary focus in the new wave of Gulag studies.

Gulag Voices

Anne Applebaum
Gulag Voices Book PDF

Author : Anne Applebaum
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2000-01-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9780300160123

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Gulag Voices by Anne Applebaum Pdf

Collects the writings of a diverse group of people who survived imprisonment in the Gulag, recounting their experiences and relationships, and offering insight into the psychological aspects of life in the camps.

The Soviet Gulag

Michael David-Fox
The Soviet Gulag Book PDF

Author : Michael David-Fox
Publisher : Russian and East European Stud
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : History
ISBN : 0822944642

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The Soviet Gulag by Michael David-Fox Pdf

"Before the collapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent archival revolution, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's famous "literary investigation" The Gulag Archipelago was the most authoritative overview of the Stalinist system of camps. This volume develops a much more thorough and nuanced understanding of the Gulag. It brings a greater awareness of the wide variety of camps, the forced labor system, and the Gulag as viewed in a global historical context, among many other topics. It also offers fascinating new interpretations of the interrelationship and importance of the Gulag to the larger Soviet political and economic system, and how they were in fact, parts of the same entity"--