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The Human Being as a Logical Thinker by Noel Balzer Pdf
The aim of this book is to explain human rationality. The fundamental principles of human thought are stated in terms of Balzer's Principles, and their operations in everyday life are illustrated. The natural numbers are defined and explained in a fresh fashion. Paradoxes, including those of class theory and material implication, which have signaled that all is not well in our logical systems, are laid to rest here. The explanation of human rationality has more than logical interest, for it touches upon the human values embedded in our rationality. The book carries the message that all human beings are fundamentally equal.
An essential tool for our post-truth world: a witty primer on logic—and the dangers of illogical thinking—by a renowned Notre Dame professor Logic is synonymous with reason, judgment, sense, wisdom, and sanity. Being logical is the ability to create concise and reasoned arguments—arguments that build from given premises, using evidence, to a genuine conclusion. But mastering logical thinking also requires studying and understanding illogical thinking, both to sharpen one’s own skills and to protect against incoherent, or deliberately misleading, reasoning. Elegant, pithy, and precise, Being Logical breaks logic down to its essentials through clear analysis, accessible examples, and focused insights. D. Q. McInerney covers the sources of illogical thinking, from naïve optimism to narrow-mindedness, before dissecting the various tactics—red herrings, diversions, and simplistic reasoning—the illogical use in place of effective reasoning. An indispensable guide to using logic to advantage in everyday life, this is a concise, crisply readable book. Written explicitly for the layperson, McInerny’s Being Logical promises to take its place beside Strunk and White’s The Elements of Style as a classic of lucid, invaluable advice. Praise for Being Logical “Highly readable . . . D. Q. McInerny offers an introduction to symbolic logic in plain English, so you can finally be clear on what is deductive reasoning and what is inductive. And you’ll see how deductive arguments are constructed.”—Detroit Free Press “McInerny’s explanatory outline of sound thinking will be eminently beneficial to expository writers, debaters, and public speakers.”—Booklist “Given the shortage of logical thinking, And the fact that mankind is adrift, if not sinking, It is vital that all of us learn to think straight. And this small book by D.Q. McInerny is great. It follows therefore since we so badly need it, Everybody should not only but it, but read it.” —Charles Osgood
Are you sick and tired of not being taken seriously? Read on to discover the secret of convincing others through logical arguments The discussion is getting heated, everybody has an opinion. You try to chime in and for a moment, your theory has everybody's attention. Just like lightning, however, someone else hijacks the conversation and everybody forgets what you've just said. Are you sick and tired of being ignored? Are you angry since everybody else is trying to force their ideas upon you? It's time to speak your truth loud and clear. And when you rely on incontrovertible facts, nobody would laugh at what you have to say. You have the power to question reality, win arguments and apply critical thinking to life. Your brain is a mighty tool that can help you solve the biggest problems, overcome manipulative relationships and prevent emotions from taking control and making you do silly things. Here's a little secret for you: Critical thinking isn't something you're born with, it's something you can master It's easy to supercharge your reasoning Even if you don't believe it right now, you can generate ideas that will change your life You have the strength to overcome your brain's self-sabotaging mechanisms Critical thinking can be applied to every aspect of life - from buying stuff to changing your job It's time to stop doubting yourself and start training your logical muscle. In Understanding the Human Mind, you will discover: Unbelievable facts that new neuroscientific research is revealing about the power of your brain The completely foolproof way to build valid, logical arguments applicable to every aspect of life Exercises and activities, fun games and irresistibly engaging puzzles that develop logic The pitfalls of confirmation bias you can overcome in three, two, one... Who's your emotional self and why is this person sabotaging you? 5 facepalm reasons why you're thinking illogically Ways to question information and break down fake news What kinds of people can make your brain stronger, even if you don't like talking to them Amazing new skills that will turn you into a logical thinking guru Practical strategies for the application of logical thinking to everything The types of books you should start reading right now to develop your unbeatable brain And much more! If you believe that you're not smart enough to conquer critical thinking, think again (no pun intended)! You have the mental acumen and you now have the tools to question your reality, to gather better information, open your eyes and come up with the best solution for every single problem in your life. Intelligence and education are not defining success. Your desire to learn, however, is. To make the most of that desire, you have to feed your brain with the right resources. When you become a critical thinker, you will find it much easier to determine what you want in life and what steps you have to undertake to get there. It's time to gain full control over the power of your brain. To strengthen your logical mind and achieve your goals effortlessly, scroll up and click the "Add to Cart" button.
Social Survival: A Manual for those with Autism and Other Logical Thinkers by Amy Eleftheriades Pdf
Social Survival is a practical manual outlining what it means to be a logical thinker and how logical thinkers can make sense of the social world. Relevant for young logical thinkers including those with high-functioning autism and Asperger’s syndrome, this book clearly outlines how social confusion might arise and how this can be overcome. Written in a clear and unpatronising style, the book considers a range of different social scenarios and breaks these down into manageable components with helpful activities to be completed by the young person. Chapters discuss the nature and benefits of logical thinking, nuances of language and communication in social situtations, and the intricacies of social etiquette and peer interaction. Features include: appealing visual resources; practical activities around social situations that are relevant to young people; blank templates which can be photocopied and are available for download online; guidance for family members on how to encourage ongoing communication; an action plan which can be personalised for different scenarios. Social Survival will be essential reading for health, social care and education professionals and parents working with those who have high functioning autism or Asperger’s syndrome or those who are logical thinkers who do not have a diagnosis. In addition, this book can be used independently by the young person themselves.
Logical Thinking in the Pyramidal Schema of Concepts: The Logical and Mathematical Elements by Lutz Geldsetzer,Richard L. Schwartz Pdf
This new volume on logic follows a recognizable format that deals in turn with the topics of mathematical logic, moving from concepts, via definitions and inferences, to theories and axioms. However, this fresh work offers a key innovation in its ‘pyramidal’ graph system for the logical formalization of all these items. The author has developed this new methodology on the basis of original research, traditional logical instruments such as Porphyrian trees, and modern concepts of classification, in which pyramids are the central organizing concept. The pyramidal schema enables both the content of concepts and the relations between the concept positions in the pyramid to be read off from the graph. Logical connectors are analyzed in terms of the direction in which they connect within the pyramid. Additionally, the author shows that logical connectors are of fundamentally different types: only one sort generates propositions with truth values, while the other yields conceptual expressions or complex concepts. On this basis, strong arguments are developed against adopting the non-discriminating connector definitions implicit in Wittgensteinian truth-value tables. Special consideration is given to mathematical connectors so as to illuminate the formation of concepts in the natural sciences. To show what the pyramidal method can contribute to science, a pyramid of the number concepts prevalent in mathematics is constructed. The book also counters the logical dogma of ‘false’ contradictory propositions and sheds new light on the logical characteristics of probable propositions, as well as on syllogistic and other inferences.
Logic is an important part of the lives of humans and it is something which has helped the human race so far, for understanding various concepts of nature and their man-made things and inventions. Logic is a technique which can be applied to any stream, where humans work. Logic is used for a better understanding of a concept. The concept can be a simple problem or a complex one. This can be varying from problems to problems. Here, a precise discussion is present to understand the major concept behind the logic. Logic is not merely a word but it is a proficient technique for solving the problem. Here, the various arguments of the logic are also discussed in order to understand the application of the right kind of logic to a particular problem. Apart from this, there will also be a section of the different types of logics which are most common t humans and are used most commonly used. The data provided, will be beneficial in order to understand the various reasoning and arguments of logic and the significance of logic in the daily life of a human as well as its importance in the professional life.
Logical Skills by Julie Brumberg-Chaumont,Claude Rosental Pdf
This contributed volume explores the ways logical skills have been perceived over the course of history. The authors approach the topic from the lenses of philosophy, anthropology, sociology, and history to examine two opposing perceptions of logic: the first as an innate human ability and the second as a skill that can be learned and mastered. Chapters focus on the social and political dynamics of the use of logic throughout history, utilizing case studies and critical analyses. Specific topics covered include: the rise of logical skills problems concerning medieval notions of idiocy and rationality decolonizing natural logic natural logic and the course of time Logical Skills: Social-Historical Perspectives will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers in the fields of history, sociology, philosophy, and logic. Psychology and colonial studies scholars will also find this volume to be of particular interest.
This book purports that, given Operation Barbarossa's concept and scope, it would have been impossible without Nazi ideology, that we cannot understand it in the absence of its reference to the Holocaust. It asks and attempts to answer whether we can describe ideology without reference to ethics and speak about genocide while ignoring philosophy.
The Reopening of the American Mind by James W. Vice Pdf
The Reopening of the American Mind: On Skepticism and Constitutionalism explores the connection of moderate skepticism with attachment to constitutionalism through the thought of five writers. The features of this skepticism were concisely delineated by James Madison in the 37th Federalist as a recognition of the complexity of political matters, the limitations of human reason, and the shortcomings of language. The position was first articulated by Cicero who connected it with the idea of a mixed or republican constitution developed by trial and error over generations. Cicero was influential in the world of David Hume, Edmund Burke, and Madison. The skeptical/constitutional connection found its most articulate recent advocate in Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter and underlay his advocacy of judicial restraint. Current events have revived interest in the primacy of the legislative branch in balancing interests and rights, in the States as laboratories for democracy, and in an experimental approach to the solution of social problems in what might be called a reopening of the American mind. The five central chapters explore the skeptical/constitutional connection and the spirit of moderation in these political thinkers. Without an appreciation of this tradition of avoiding dogmatism, people will continue to demand simple answers to complex problems. The book is not, however, primarily a tract for the times but a reflection on the on-going search for a more civil world.
Moral Conflicts of Organ Retrieval by Charles C. Hinkley II Pdf
This book addresses ethical conflicts arising from saving the lives of patients who need a transplant while treating living and dead donors, organ sellers, animals, and embryos with proper moral regard. Our challenge is to develop a better world in the light of debatable values and uncertain consequences.
This book explores the richness of contemporary philosophical reflection in Eastern and Central Europe. Philosophers from Poland, Russia, the Czech Republic, and the United States discuss the status of democracy, nationalism, language, economics, education, women, and philosophy itself in the aftermath of communism. Fresh ideas are combined with renewed traditions as poignant problems are confronted.
Memory and Action Selection in Human-Machine Interaction by Munéo Kitajima Pdf
The first goal of this book is to extend Two Minds originating from behavioral economics to the domain of interaction, where the time dimension has to be dealt with rigorously; in human–machine interaction, it is of crucial importance how synchronization between conscious processes and unconscious processes is established for a sense of smoothness, and how memory processes and action selection processes are coordinated. The first half this book describes the theory in detail. The book begins by outlining the whole view of the theory consisting of action selection processes and memorization processes, and their interactions. Then, a detailed description for action selection processes theorized as a nonlinear dynamic human behavior model with real-time constraints is provided, followed by a description for memorization processes. Also, implications of the theory to human–machine interactions are discussed. The second goal of this book is to provide a methodology to study how Two Minds works in practice when people use interactive systems. The latter half of this book describes theory practices in detail. A new methodology called Cognitive Chrono-Ethnography (CCE) is introduced, which adds the time dimension to Hutchins’ Cognitive Ethnography, in order to practice "know the users" systematically by designing user studies based on a simulation of users’ mental operations controlled by Two Minds. The author then shows how CCE has been applied to understanding the ways in which people navigate in real physical environments by walking and by car, respectively, and explores the possibility of applying CCE to predict people’s future needs. This is not for understanding how people use interfaces at present but to predict how people want to use the interfaces in the future given they are currently using them in a certain way Finally, the book concludes by describing implications of human–machine interactions that are carried out while using modern artefacts for people's cognitive development from birth, on the basis of the theories of action selection and memorization.
