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Author : Kjartan G. Ottósson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : Icelandic language
ISBN : OSU:32435081758666
Author : Suzanne Kemmer
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1993-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027229076
This book approaches the middle voice from the perspective of typology and language universals research. The principal aim is to provide a typologically valid characterization of the category of middle voice in terms of which it can be incorporated in a cognitively-based theory of human language. The term middle voice has had a wide range of applications in the linguistic literature of this century. The main thesis in this volume is that there is a coherent, though complex, semantic category of middle voice in human language, which receives grammatical instantiation in many languages. The author claims there is a semantic property crucial to the nature of the middle, which she terms relative elaboration of events, that serves as a parameter along which the reflexive and the middle can be situated as semantic categories intermediate in transitivity between one-participant and two-participant events, and which differentiates reflexive and middle from one another. In this area, most analyses deal with one language and/or are limited to Indo-European languages. This work deals with a subset of middle-marking languages that was chosen so as to observe the highest possible number of different middle systems showing significant independent diachronic development.
Author : Markus Steinbach
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2002-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9027227713
This book offers a completely new analysis of the syntax and semantics of transitive reflexive sentences in German, which is embedded in the major phenomenon of the middle voice in Indo-European languages. It integrates the interpretation of non-argument reflexives into a modified version of recent theories of binding. The ambiguity of the reflexive pronoun is derived at the interface between syntax and semantics and does not rely on additional lexical or syntactic rules of argument suppression and argument promotion. This shift towards the semantic interpretation of syntactic arguments enables the author to offer a unified analysis of the middle, the anticausative and the reflexive interpretations. Furthermore, the crucial distinction between structural and oblique case forms is discussed and it is illustrated how specific properties of middle constructions such as adverbial modification or subject responsibility can be related to the generic interpretation of middle constructions.
Author : Jim Wood
Publisher : Springer
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2015-01-05
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783319091389
This book provides a detailed study of Icelandic argument structure alternations within a syntactic theory of argument structure. Building on recent theorizing within the Minimalist Program and Distributed Morphology, the author proposes that much of what is traditionally attributed to syntax should be relegated to the interfaces, and adapts the late insertion theory of morphology to semantics. The resulting system forms sound-meaning pairs by generating hierarchical structures that can be translated into morphological representations, on the one hand, and semantic representations, on the other. The syntactic primitives, however, underdetermine both morphophonology and semantics. Without appealing to special stipulations, the theory derives constraints on the external argument of causative-alternation verbs, interpretive restrictions on nominative objects, and the optionally agentive interpretation of verbs denoting self-directed motion.
Author : Hagit Borer
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-01-13
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789004373150
Preliminary Material /Hagit Borer --Introduction /Hagit Borer --Three Issues in the Theory of Clitics: Case, Doubled NPs, and Extraction /Osvaldo A. Jaeggli --Clitics in Yoruba /Douglas Pulleyblank --On Chain Formation /Luigi Rizzi --On the Derivation of en-Clitics /W. Neil Elliott --Cliticization from NPs in Czech and Comparable Phenomena in French and Italian /Jindřich Toman --Pronominal Clitic Clusters and Templates /J. Simpson and M. Withgott --Syntactic Cliticization and Lexical Cliticization: The Case of Hebrew Dative Clitics /Hagit Borer and Yosef Grodzinsky --The Interpretation and Acquisition of Italian Impersonal SI /Nina Hyams --On Italian SI /Maria Rita Manzini --On Some Properties of French Clitic Se /Eric Wehrli --Clitics in American Sign Language /Judy Anne Kegl --The Pronominal “Copula” as Agreement Clitic /Edit Doron --Subject Clitics and the NOM-Drop Parameter /Ken Safir --References /Hagit Borer --Index /Hagit Borer.
Author : Daisy L. Neijmann
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 0415207061
2x60-minute CDs featuring dialogues from the accompanying book. Designed to help improve pronunciation and listening skills.
Author : Tibor Kiss,Artemis Alexiadou
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 815 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2015-02-17
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110394238
This Handbook represents the development of research and the current level of knowledge in the fields of syntactic theory and syntax analysis. Syntax can look back to a long tradition. Especially in the last 50 years, however, the interaction between syntactic theory and syntactic analysis has led to a rapid increase in analyses and theoretical suggestions. This second edition of the Handbook on Syntax adopts a unifying perspective and therefore does not place the division of syntactic theory into several schools to the fore, but the increase in knowledge resulting from the fruitful argumentations between syntactic analysis and syntactic theory. It uses selected phenomena of individual languages and their cross-linguistic realizations to explain what syntactic analyses can do and at the same time to show in what respects syntactic theories differ from each other. It investigates how syntax is related to neighbouring disciplines and investigate the role of the interfaces especially the relationship between syntax and phonology, morphology, compositional semantics, pragmatics, and the lexicon. The phenomena chosen bring together renowned experts in syntax, and represent the consensus reached as to what has to be considered as an important as well as illustrative syntactic phenomenon. The phenomena discuss do not only serve to show syntactic analyses, but also to compare theoretical approaches with each other.
Author : Daisy L. Neijmann
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-30
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9781317550822
Icelandic: An Essential Grammar is a concise and convenient guide to the basic grammatical structure of Icelandic. Presenting a fresh and accessible description of the language, this engaging Grammar uses clear, jargon-free explanations and sets out the complexities of Icelandic in short, readable sections. Each grammar point is illustrated with numerous examples drawn from everyday life, clarifying the grammatical structure in use while providing insight into Icelandic culture. Icelandic: An Essential Grammar is the ideal reference grammar for all learners of Icelandic, whether class-based or independent, looking to progress beyond beginner level.
Author : Gudmundur Halfdanarson
Publisher : Scarecrow Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2010-05-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9780810872080
While Iceland is the second largest inhabited island in Europe, with only 313,000 inhabitants in 2007, the Icelanders form one of the smallest independent nations in the world. Around two-thirds of the population lives in the capital, Reykjavík, and its suburbs, while the rest is spread around the inhabitable area of the country. Until fairly recently the Icelandic nation was unusually homogeneous, both in cultural and religious terms; in 1981, around 98 percent of the nation was born in Iceland and 96 percent belonged to the Lutheran state church or other Lutheran religious sects. In 2007, these numbers were down to 89 and 86 percent respectively, reflecting the rapidly growing multicultural nature of Icelandic society. The A to Z of Iceland traces Iceland's history and provides a compass for the direction the country is heading. This is done through its chronology, introductory essays, appendixes, map, bibliography, and hundreds of cross-referenced dictionary entries on important persons, places, events, and institutions and significant political, economic, social, and cultural aspects.
Author : Sverrir Jakobsson,Gudmundur Halfdanarson
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2016-02-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781442262911
Iceland demonstrates most of the characteristics of a modern liberal democracy. It has maintained political stability through a democratic process which enjoys universal legitimacy. Rapid economic modernization has also secured its inhabitants one of the highest living standards in the world, and a comprehensive and highly developed health system has ensured them longevity and one of the lowest rates of infant mortality in the world. Icelanders face, however, formidable challenges in maintaining their status as an independent nation. First, the Icelandic economy is fairly fragile, as overexploitation threatens the fish stocks that remain among Iceland’s principal economic resources. Second, the country is rich in unused energy resources, because many of its rivers are still not harnessed, and geothermal power is abundant. But using these resources will necessarily damage the pristine nature of the country, forcing the politicians and the Icelandic public to choose between environmental protection and industrial expansion. Finally, it remains to be seen if a country with just over 329.740 inhabitants will be able to manage its foreign relations in a complex and constantly changing world. This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Iceland contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 200 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Iceland.
Author : Folke Josephson,Ingmar Söhrman
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2008-08-29
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9789027290359
The focus of this volume is the interdependence of diachrony and synchrony in the investigation of syntactic structure. A diverse set of modern and ancient languages is investigated from this perspective, including Hittite, the Classical languages, Old Norse, Coptic, Bantu languages, Australian languages and Creoles. A variety of topics are covered, including TAM, diathesis, valency, case marking, cliticization, and grammaticalization. This volume should be of interest tosyntacticians, typologists, and historical linguists with an interest in syntax and morphology.
Author : Stephen R. Anderson
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1992-06-25
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0521378664
In A-Morphous Morphology, Stephen Anderson presents a theory of word structure which relates to a full generative grammar of language. He holds word structure to be the result of interacting principles from a number of grammatical areas, and thus not localized in a single morphological component. Dispensing with classical morphemes, the theory instead treats morphology as a matter of rule-governed relations, minimizing the non-phonological internal structure assigned to words and eliminating morphologically motivated boundary elements. Professor Anderson makes the further claim that the properties of individual lexical items are not visible to, or manipulated by, the rules of the syntax, and assimilates to morphology special clitic phenomena. A-Morphous Morphology maintains significant distinctions between inflection, derivation, and compounding, in terms of their place ina grammar. It also contains discussion of the implications of this new A-Morphous position analysis of word structure.
Author : Walter Jacobson Lindal
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Icelanders
ISBN : UCAL:B4470353
FROST (copy 3): From the John Holmes Library collection.
Author : Oskar Bandle,Lennart Elmevik,Gun Widmark
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 1194 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 311017149X
The handbook is not tied to a particular methodology but keeps in principle to a pronounced methodological pluralism, encompassing all aspects of actual methodology. Moreover it combines diachronic with synchronic-systematic aspects, longitudinal sections with cross-sections (periods such as Old Norse, transition from Old Norse to Early Modern Nordic, Early Modern Nordic 1550-1800 and so on). The description of Nordic language history is built upon a comprehensive collection of linguistic data; it consists of more than 200 articles written by a multitude of authors from Scandinavian and German and English speaking countries. The organization of the book combines a central part on the detailed chronological developments and some chapters of a more general character: chapters on theory and methodology in the beginning and on overlapping spatio-temporal topics in the end.
Author : Andrej Malchukov,Bernard Comrie
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 885 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2015-09-14
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783110338812
Earlier empirical studies on valency have looked at the phenomenon either in individual languages or a small range of languages, or have concerned themselves with only small subparts of valency (e.g. transitivity, ditransitive constructions), leaving a lacuna that the present volume aims to fill by considering a wide range of valency phenomena across 30 languages from different parts of the world. The individual-language studies, each written by a specialist or group of specialists on that language and covering both valency patterns and valency alternations, are based on a questionnaire (reproduced in the volume) and an on-line freely accessible database, thus guaranteeing comparability of cross-linguistic results. In addition, introductory chapters provide the background to the project and discuss its main characteristics and selected results, while a series of featured articles by leading scholars who helped shape the field provide an outside perspective on the volume’s approach. The volume is essential reading for anyone interested in valency and argument structure, irrespective of theoretical persuasion, and will serve as a model for future descriptive studies of valency in individual languages.
