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Author : Christopher A. Pissarides
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Economics
ISBN : CORNELL:31924078628611
Author : Raphael A. Espinoza,Mrs. Esther Pérez Ruiz
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2014-07-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498386470
The paper presents a simple supply side, general equilibrium model to estimate the macroeconomic effects of labor tax cuts. The model assumes that output is produced using capital, unskilled and skilled workers, and public servants. Wage formation for skilled workers features a Blanchflower-Oswald wage curve, while the labor supply for unskilled workers is very elastic around the minimum wage for small changes in employment. The model is calibrated for France and used to estimate the output and employment effects induced by two recent tax reforms: the Crédit d’Impôt pour la Compétitivité et l’Emploi (CICE) and the Pacte de Solidarité Responsabilité (RSP). We find that the tax cuts, if not offset by other fiscal measures, would contribute overall to creating around 200,000 jobs in the short run (600,000 jobs in the long run). Since the model abstracts from demand side effects, the results should be interpreted as providing estimates of the effect of tax measures on potential output and potential employment.
Author : S. J. Nickell,Brian Bell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Employment (Economic theory)
ISBN : CORNELL:31924071722361
Author : Ary Lans Bovenberg,Johan J. Graafland,Ruud A. de Mooij
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Economics
ISBN : UVA:X006077849
This paper employs MIMIC, an applied general equilibrium model of the Dutch economy, to explore various tax cuts aimed at combating unemployment and raising labor supply. MIMIC combines modern labor-market theories, a firm empirical foundation detailed description of Dutch labor-market institutions. We develop a small aggregate model which contains the core of MIMIC, namely wage setting, job matching, labor supply demand. In addition to illustrating the main economic mechanisms in MIMIC shows the advantages of employing a larger, more disaggregated model that accounts for heterogeneity, institutional details, and more economic mechanisms. Targeting in-work benefits at the low skilled is the most effective way to cut economy-wide unemployment quality and quantity of labor supply. Cuts in social security contributions paid by employers and subsidies for hiring long-term unemployed reduce unskilled unemployment most substantially. Tax cuts in the higher tax brackets boost the quantity and quality of formal labor supply but are less effective in reducing unemployment and in raising unskilled employment and female labor supply.
Author : Marco Buti,Paolo Sestito,Hans Wijkander
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2001-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1781009848
The papers in this volume analyse the role of European tax and benefit systems in incentives to create and take up jobs. The first section provides an overview of the issues relating to the trade-off between equity and efficiency. The second section describes the burden of taxation and the generosity of the welfare system in Europe. Part three examines how to evaluate the effects of tax and welfare reforms and the final section looks at ways that tax can be used to deal with some structural problems. The papers show that European policy makers face tough choices and that reforms are costly, with complex trade-offs.
Author : Mr.Howell H. Zee
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1996-05-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451974348
This paper reviews conceptual linkages between taxation and unemployment, available empirical evidence and country policies that may have a bearing on these linkages in the OECD and in a sample of developing and transitional economies, Fund policy advice on these issues, and tax policy options in addressing the unemployment problem. It concludes that the emphasis in policy should be placed on minimizing tax distortions, rather than on formulating activist tax policies to reduce unemployment.
Author : Howell H. Zee
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1996-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822021255179
This paper reviews conceptual linkages between taxation and unemployment, available empirical evidence and country policies that may have a bearing on these linkages in the OECD and in a sample of developing and transitional economies. It concludes that the emphasis in policy should be placed on minimizing tax distortions, rather than on formulating activist tax policies to reduce unemployment.
Author : Alun H. Thomas
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 58 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1998-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822026122424
The rise in unemployment across a wide variety of industrialized countries over the past 25 years has led analysts to look for determinants of the phenomenon on a cross-country basis. One of the determinants that has come to the fore in policy discussions is labor taxation. This partly reflects the concurrent increase in both labor taxes and unemployment across a wide variety of OECD countries: between 1978 and 1992 taxes on labor rose by 21/2 percent on average with particularly large increases for Italy, Finland, and Canada (see OECD 1995). Many analysts have argued that the rise in labor taxation is related to the rise in unemployment because it increases the cost of labor and as a result, it reduces the demand for labor. However, there is considerable debate about the length of time required for the labor market to adjust to an increase in the labor tax rate.
Author : Surendra Gera,Economic Council of Canada
Publisher : Economic Council of Canada
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105040844065
From the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s, direct job creation programs have grown in Canada to provide jobs for both the structurally and cyclically unemployed. The Canadian Employment Tax Credit Program (ETCP), was a temporary wage subsidy scheme, offering tax credits of up to $2.00 an hour, designed to stimulate incremental employment in all Canadian regions. This study conducts a comprehensive empirical evaluation of the 1978-81 ETCP with three objectives: to evaluate the efficiency of the program in terms of the social benefits and social costs it generated; to determine the net or incremental employment effect of the ETCP; and to discuss improvements for the employment prospects of program participants.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264308817
The labour markets of OECD and emerging economies are undergoing major transformations. The widespread slow-down in productivity and wage growth and high levels of income inequality in many countries are coupled with structural changes linked to the digital revolution, globalisation and ...
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2011-10-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264120808
This publication examines the effects of taxation on employment, highlights the resulting policy challenges, and discusses the ways governments endeavour to address these challenges.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2007-06-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264033047
This 2007 edition of OECD's annual Employment Outlook presents a series of articles supporting the recommendation that rather than seeing globalisation as a threat, OECD governments should focus on improving labour regulations and social protection systems to help people adapt to job markets.
Author : Tito Boeri,Jan van Ours
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780691158938
Most labor economics textbooks pay little attention to actual labor markets, taking as reference a perfectly competitive market in which losing a job is not a big deal. The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets is the only textbook to focus on imperfect labor markets and to provide a systematic framework for analyzing how labor market institutions operate. This expanded, updated, and thoroughly revised second edition includes a new chapter on labor-market discrimination; quantitative examples; data and programming files enabling users to replicate key results of the literature; exercises at the end of each chapter; and expanded technical appendixes. The Economics of Imperfect Labor Markets examines the many institutions that affect the behavior of workers and employers in imperfect labor markets. These include minimum wages, employment protection legislation, unemployment benefits, active labor market policies, working-time regulations, family policies, equal opportunity legislation, collective bargaining, early retirement programs, education and migration policies, payroll taxes, and employment-conditional incentives. Written for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students, the book carefully defines and measures these institutions to accurately characterize their effects, and discusses how these institutions are today being changed by political and economic forces. Expanded, thoroughly revised second edition New chapter on labor-market discrimination New quantitative examples New data sets enabling users to replicate key results of the literature New end-of-chapter exercises Expanded technical appendixes Unique focus on institutions in imperfect labor markets Integrated framework and systematic coverage Self-contained chapters on each of the most important labor-market institutions
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1998-11-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451835854
This Selected Issues paper on Sweden reviews economic developments in Sweden during 1994–98. In 1994, the general government expenditure-to-GDP ratio stood at 70 percent, up from below 60 percent of GDP in the late 1990s; meanwhile, the revenue ratio was just under 60 percent of GDP, down from about 65 percent of GDP in the late 1980s. On the expenditure side, transfers to households accounted for 37 percent of general government expenditure in 1994, subsidies and other transfers to businesses 10 percent, consumption 39 percent, investment 4 percent, and interest payments 10 percent.
Author : Jonas Agell,Peter Birch Sørensen
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262012294
Other chapters examine the effects of tax reforms, including the Earned Income Tax Credit, and the wage-increasing effects of progressive income taxes in a highly unionized labor market. Finally, the contributors analyze the effects of employment protection and tax penalties on the growth of the underground economy. The insights offered in these studies will be valuable to the policy analyst as well as to the academic theorist