The Lemon The History And Effects Of This Citrus Fruit

Author : Sebastian Wagner
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2002-10-29
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783638150545

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The Lemon. The History and Effects of this Citrus Fruit by Sebastian Wagner Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2002 in the subject Food Technology, grade: B+, César Ritz Colleges (Hotel Management School), language: English, abstract: It is not very clear where the lemon has its origin. Citrus fruits have been cultivated in southern China and Southeast Asia for approximately 4000 years (apparently a lemon-shaped earring was found in the Indus-valley dating back to 2500 BC). Between 400 and 600 BC the lemon (the scientific name of the tree is Citrus lemon) was introduced into the Middle East, one can find old Oriental stories where this fruit is mentioned. It were Arab traders in Asia who brought then around AD100 and 700 citrus fruits into Eastern Africa and the Middle East, after that they planted lemons in the Sahara, Andalusia and Sicily, bringing the lemon to Southern Europe during their occupation of Spain (in Pompeii a mosaic was found showing a lemon, but botanists argue that it became popular first in the Middle Ages probably through crusaders). Christopher Columbus carried the fruit then into the new discovered continent, known as America, where it spread rapidly. Portuguese traders came back to Europe with new varieties from Southeast Asia in the 16th century. 2 centuries later then, citrus fruits had been distributed and known all over the world. In the 1890s physicians discovered that drinking juice of citrus fruits could cure scurvy, a vitamin deficiency disease. Further efforts by scientists resulted in the knowledge that this juice had positive effects because of its high vitamin C content. Furthermore there are other substances present such as vitamin A, vitamin B and some other minerals beneficial for the human body. People used lemons for flavouring foods and drinks, bleaching printings on cotton, production of perfume as well as medicine. Even before that lemons were used, for example the ladies of Louis XIV`s court reddened their lips with lemons or to express wealth. All these new discoveries of the positive effects of lemons made the fruit popular. Today about 25% of the world′s lemon production is raised in the United States, mostly in southern and central California (the earliest lemon-record in America is from 1493 in Haiti when Columbus arrived). [...]

Author : Pierre Laszlo
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2008-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226470283

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Citrus by Pierre Laszlo Pdf

Laszlo traces the spectacular rise and spread of citrus across the globe, from southeast Asia in 4000 BC to modern Spain and Portugal, whose explorers inroduced the fruit to the Americas. This book explores the numerous roles that citrus has played in agriculture, horticulture, cooking, nutrition, religion, and art.

Author : G. W. Garcelon
Publisher : Forgotten Books
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-10-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0266612059

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Citrus Fruits by G. W. Garcelon Pdf

Excerpt from Citrus Fruits: Part I. Fifteen Years With the Lemon; Part II. New Varieties of Citrus Fruit That the growers have been able to place upon the markets a lemon having all the essential points, as well as quality, as late as ten months after being picked, only goes to Show what constant experimenting and energy can accomplish. It is to G. W. Garcelon, of Riverside, that the success in this direction must be accorded. For a number of years he worked faithfully, experimenting at an outlay of considerable time and money, and now we give to the public the result of his Fifteen Years with the Lemon, with the hope that others will be equally as successful. Certainly they can if they follow the directions and details closely, as in this lies the secret of success. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Author : Manuel Talon,Marco Caruso,Fred G. Gmitter jr.
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
Page : 540 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128122174

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The Genus Citrus by Manuel Talon,Marco Caruso,Fred G. Gmitter jr. Pdf

The Genus Citrus presents the enormous amount of new knowledge that has been generated in recent years on nearly all topics related to citrus. Beginning with an overview of the fundamental principles and understanding of citrus biology and behavior, the book provides a comprehensive view from Citrus evolution to current market importance. Reporting on new insights supported by the elucidation of the citrus genome sequence, it presents groundbreaking theories and fills in previous knowledge gaps. Because citrus is among the most difficult plants to improve through traditional breeding, citrus researchers, institutions and industries must quickly learn to adapt to new developments, knowledge and technologies to address the biological constraints of a unique fruit-tree such as citrus. Despite the challenges of working with citrus, tremendous progress has been made, mostly through advances in molecular biology and genomics. This book is valuable for all those involved with researching and advancing, producing, processing, and delivering citrus products. Includes the most current research on citrus genomic information Provides the first detailed description of citrus origin, a new proposal for citrus taxonomy, and a redefinition of the genus Citrus Details citrus challenges including climate change, global disease impacts, and plant improvement strategies

Author : H. Harold Hume
Publisher : READ BOOKS
Page : 612 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2007-10
Category : Gardening
ISBN : 1406781568

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Citrus Fruits and Their Culture by H. Harold Hume Pdf

PREFACE. The closing decades of the nineteenth century have seen great changes in the principles of citrus fruit culture in America. Twenty years ago the amount of fruit pro- duced was comparatively small, now the industry has at- tained a place among the large horticultural industries of this country. Then, at most, a few hundred boxes of fruit were produced annually now the crop is counted not by hundreds but by millions of boxes. The pomelo was scarce- ly known and the lemon was a fruit imported almost en- tirely from the Old World. Then, the means of transportation closed many a desirable tract of land through which the railroad now runs and from which large quantities of fruit are now shipped. Then, the methods of combating insects and fungous diseases were less perfectly under stood than now. In those days, the fertilizers applied to the soil were mostly made at home, now the nitrogen, phos- phorus and potash, deemed so essential for the production of first-class fruit, in many districts, can be obtained as commercial commodities in any market. Numerous de- vices are now successfully employed in protecting trees and fruit against the effects of frost and freeze, then, noth- ing of the kind was attempted or in fact deemed neces- sary. Then, cover crops were not considered in the light in which they now are. Then, the citrus industry in the New World was more or less firmly linked to that of the Old. Now, we have an American industry on the large, broad lines of American progress. During these past twenty years no work dealing with the fruits of the genus citrus has been produced. The literature has not kept pace with the growth, the de velopment, and the new phases of the industry. To fill a long-felt want, this volume after many urgent appeals from those interested in and engaged in the industry has been produced in the hope that it may, in some measure at least, supply the lack of reliable, up-to-date information. In its preparation the author has had the hearty cooperation, assistance and sympathy of many friends. The chapter on Fertilizers and Fertilizing has been reviewed by Prof. H. K. Miller, of the University of Florida, that on Cover Crops, by Prof. John Craig, of Cornell University, while the chapter on Insects Injurious to Citrus Trees, has been revised and largely re-written from his former publi cations, by Prof. H. A. Gossard. of the University of Flor ida. The chapter on Pot Culture of Citrus Fruits, has been revised by Mr. E. N. Reasoner, of Oneco, Fla. Dr. N. L. Britton, Dr. D. T. MacDougal and Miss Anna Mur- ray Vail, of the New York Botanical Garden, have made it possible to examine the older works on citrus fruits, and have rendered much valuable assistance. Prof. A. W, Blair, of the University of Florida has contributed an analysis of one of the cover crops, heretofore unpublished All the drawings and some of the photographs used in the illustrations were made by Miss Lucia McCulloch for- merly assistant in the Department of Botany and Horti culture in the University of Florida. Prof. Dorsey now of the Mechanics Institute, Rochester, New York, contrib uted a number of photographs, while those illustrating California scenes were secured through the kindness of Prof. C. W. Woodworth, of the University of California, VII Mr. John Isaacs, of the California State Board of Horti- culture and Mr. V. J. Allen, of Bonita, Cal...

Author : Zeki Berk
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128031483

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Citrus Fruit Processing by Zeki Berk Pdf

Citrus Fruit Processing offers a thorough examination of citrus—from its physiology and production to its processing, including packaging and by-product processing. Beginning with foundational information on agricultural practices, biology, and harvesting, Citrus Fruit Processing goes on to describe processing in the context of single-strength juices, concentrated juices, preserves, and nutrition. New technologies are constantly emerging in food processing, and citrus processing is no different. This book provides researchers with much-needed information on these technologies, including state-of-the-art methodologies, all in one volume. Offers completely up-to-date coverage of scientific research on citrus and processing technology Explores all aspects of citrus and its processing, including biochemistry, technology, and health Provides an easy-to-follow organization that highlights the many aspects of citrus processing, including agricultural practices, juice processing, byproducts, and safety Describes processing in the context of single-strength juices, concentrated juices, preserves, and nutrition

Author : Giovanni Dugo,Angelo Di Giacomo
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 657 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2002-09-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780203216613

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Citrus by Giovanni Dugo,Angelo Di Giacomo Pdf

The world production of citrus fruit has risen enormously, leaping from forty-five million tons a year to eighty-five million in the last 30 years. Today, the potential applications of their essential oils are growing wider, with nearly 40% of fresh produce processed for industrial purposes. Citrus: The Genus Citrus offers comprehensive cove

Author : Walter Reuther
Publisher : UCANR Publications
Page : 404 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0931876877

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The Citrus Industry: Crop protection, postharvest technology, and early history of citrus research in California by Walter Reuther Pdf

Author : Helena Attlee
Publisher : Penguin UK
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2014-04-03
Category : Travel
ISBN : 9780141967868

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The Land Where Lemons Grow by Helena Attlee Pdf

'4 stars. Attlee, who knows and loves Italy and the Italians, takes the reader through the country's scented gardens with her sharp descriptions, pertinent stories and quotes and intriguing recipes. I was there with her' Anna del Conte, Sunday Telegraph A delightful book about Italy's unexpected history, told through its citrus fruits The story of citrus runs through the history of Italy like a golden thread, and by combining travel writing with history, recipes, horticulture and art, Helena Attlee takes the reader on a unique and rich journey through Italy's cultural, moral, culinary and political past. 'Fascinating . . . A distinguished garden writer, Attlee fell under the spell of citrus over ten years ago and the book, like the eleventh labour of Hercules to steal the golden fruit of the Hesperides, is the result. She writes with great lucidity, charm and gentle humour, and wears her considerable learning lightly . . . Helena Attlee's elegant, absorbing prose and sure-footed ability to combine the academic with the anecdotal, make The Land Where Lemons Grow a welcome addition to the library of citrologists and Italophiles alike' The Times Literary Supplement 'A paradise of citrus is how I always think of Italy too: a place where ice-cold limoncello is sipped from tiny glasses on piazzas, and everything from ricotta cake to osso bucco is enlivened with zest. What a joy, therefore, to read Helena Attlee's The Land Where Lemons Grow, which tells the story of Italy through its citrus fruit' Bee Wilson, Telegraph

Author : Emanuel 1826?-1908 Bonavia
Publisher : Legare Street Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-07-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 102049283X

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The Cultivated Oranges and Lemons, Etc. of India and Ceylon, With Researches Into Their Origin and the Derivation of Their Names, and Other Useful Information. With and Atlas of Illustrations by Emanuel 1826?-1908 Bonavia Pdf

This book is an authoritative guide to the oranges and lemons cultivated in India and Ceylon. Beginning with a discussion of the history of citrus cultivation in these regions, Emanuel Bonavia covers every imaginable aspect of citrus fruits, including their descriptions, derivation of their names, chemical characteristics, and pests and diseases. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Author : Walton B. Sinclair
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 976 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Citrus fruits
ISBN : WISC:89011799699

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The Biochemistry and Physiology of the Lemon and Other Citrus Fruits by Walton B. Sinclair Pdf

Author : Muhammad Sajid,Dr. Amanullah
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-27
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781789854275

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Citrus by Muhammad Sajid,Dr. Amanullah Pdf

Citrus is one of the world's major fruit crops, with global availability and popularity contributing to human diets. Citrus fruits are the highest-value fruit crop in terms of international trade. Current annual worldwide citrus production is estimated at over 70 million tons, with more than half of this being oranges. The rise in citrus production is mainly due to the increase in cultivation areas, improvements in transportation and packaging, rising incomes, and consumer preference for healthy foods. Citrus fruit growth and quality are dependent on climatic conditions, in addition to soil type, water availability, cultural practices, and nutrient supply. The book briefly explains the fruit morphology, anatomy, physiology and biochemistry, growth phases, maturity standards, grades, and physical and mechanical characteristics of citrus trees. It also provides the foundation for understanding the growth, harvest, and post-harvest aspects of citrus fruits. Insect pests and diseases, irrigation, nutrition, and rootstocks are also addressed in this book.

Author : David Freedberg,Enrico Baldini,Giovanni Continella
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Art
ISBN : CHI:48767860

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Citrus Fruit by David Freedberg,Enrico Baldini,Giovanni Continella Pdf

The first volume to appear in the Natural History series catalogues a group of spectacular drawings of citrus fruit in watercolour and gouache, most of which were commissioned to illustrate Giovanni Battista Ferrari's Hesperides, an ambitious attempt at a complete taxonomy and classification of the entire citrological world, which was published in Rome in 1646. Cassiano dal Pozzo played a fundamental role in this project: it was he who commissioned and supplied most of the drawings and then arranged for them to be engraved for Ferrari's projected work. The citrus drawings - grouped in the Catalogue under the headings of citrons, lemons, oranges, pummelos, hybrids, monstrosities and unidentified citrus fruit - are reproduced in full colour and are accompanied by a wealth of comparative material which includes the Hesperides engravings, additional drawings and photographs of actual specimens, mainly of the monstrous kind. In addition to detailed scientific descriptions of the specimens themselves, the catalogue also gives art historical information on watermarks, annotations, types of mount, provenance and literature. The introductory essays explain Cassiano's method of gathering information from a network of correspondents around Europe and consider the relationship between these drawings and other natural history subjects commissioned by Cassiano. The authors discuss the work of the artists involved in the project and assess the major contribution made the classification of citrus fruit by the collaborative efforts of Cassiano of Ferrari.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 124 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2016-07-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128098608

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Comprehensive Utilization of Citrus By-Products by Anonim Pdf

Comprehensive Utilization of Citrus By-products provides comprehensive knowledge and information on the development and utilization of citrus by-products, including the types, preparation, and determination of their main functional components. As one of the most popular fruits in the world, the processing of citrus fruits produces a great deal of citrus peel, a primary by-product. Current treatments of citrus peel pollute the environment and waste resources so eco-friendly solutions are sought. This book reflects research, trends and attitudes in the field, presenting a wide overview including extraction processes for functional components; isolation and structural identification; synthesis of new compounds; and the research and development of citrus by-products, their biodegradable transformation, and processing equipment. This valuable reference book can be used by scientists, scholars, and students working on citrus, dietitians and nutritionists, citrus processing enterprises, and farmers from cooperative organizations related to citrus processing. Offers a comprehensive presentation of the functional components in citrus by-products and their utilization Illustrates the determination methods of, and extraction processes for, functional components, as well as the isolation, identification, and synthesis of new compounds Reviews the research and development of citrus by-products, their biodegradable transformation, and processing equipment Provides a valuable reference for scientists, scholars, and students working on citrus, dietitians and nutritionists, citrus processing enterprises, and farmers from cooperative organizations related to citrus processing

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on the Strategic Planning for the Florida Citrus Industry: Addressing Citrus Greening Disease (Huanglongbing)
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2010-04-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309153355

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Strategic Planning for the Florida Citrus Industry by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Committee on the Strategic Planning for the Florida Citrus Industry: Addressing Citrus Greening Disease (Huanglongbing) Pdf

Citrus greening, a disease that reduces yield, compromises the flavor, color, and size of citrus fruit and eventually kills the citrus tree, is now present in all 34 Floridian citrus-producing counties. Caused by an insect-spread bacterial infection, the disease reduced citrus production in 2008 by several percent and continues to spread, threatening the existence of Florida's $9.3 billion citrus industry. A successful citrus greening response will focus on earlier detection of diseased trees, so that these sources of new infections can be removed more quickly, and on new methods to control the insects that carry the bacteria. In the longerterm, technologies such as genomics could be used to develop new citrus strains that are resistant to both the bacteria and the insect.