The Libyan War 1911 1912

Author : Andrea Ungari
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2014-07-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9781443864923

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The Libyan War 1911-1912 by Andrea Ungari Pdf

The war between Italy and the Ottoman Empire for possession of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania was a crucial event both for Italian domestic and foreign policy and for the contemporary European balance of power. For Italian society the Libyan conflict was in many ways a dress rehearsal for the First World War. The propaganda campaign for the occupation of Libya, orchestrated around the myth of the “Grande Italia” and the “Grande proletaria” had an important impact on the Italian political system, even more than the military operations, testing its stability and leading to violent debate not only between the parties, but also inside the parties themselves. The essays brought together in this book illustrate the attitude of the political forces that were the main supporters of the Italian intervention in Libya, and the international context in which the war between Italy and the Ottoman Empire came about. Using new sources or re-reading the sources already known with the insight gained from the passage of a hundred years, the authors reflect on a conflict that had profound repercussions for Italian and European politics and contributed to ending the Belle Époque, raising in the minds of both the Italian and European public the specter of a new war in Europe.

Author : Timothy Winston Childs
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : History
ISBN : 9004090258

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Italo-Turkish Diplomacy and the War Over Libya by Timothy Winston Childs Pdf

In 1911 Italy, an aspiring Great Power, attacked Ottoman Libya. Italian diplomacy had long anticipated this attack, but Italy's military was ill-prepared for it. The Ottoman Empire, distracted by internal dissension and by the expansionist designs of its Balkan neighbours, was woefully unready. This study examines how the belligerents dealt with the military and diplomatic stalemates into which the Libyan War degenerated, stalemates which were ended only by the outbreak of the First Balkan War in 1912, when the Ottomans were obliged to make peace with Italy to face more dangerous enemies nearer home. The Italo-Turkish War was the first armed clash between the lesser Great Powers immediately before 1914, leading inexorably to the deterioration of the Balkan situation and to Sarajevo. This is the first study based on the archives of the Ottoman Foreign Ministry for the period, as well as on better-known Italian sources.

Author : Childs
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2021-10-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789004491885

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Italo-Turkish Diplomacy and the War over Libya, 1911-1912 by Childs Pdf

In 1911 Italy, an aspiring Great Power, attacked Ottoman Libya. Italian diplomacy had long anticipated this attack, but Italy's military was ill-prepared for it. The Ottoman Empire, distracted by internal dissension and by the expansionist designs of its Balkan neighbours, was woefully unready. This study examines how the belligerents dealt with the military and diplomatic stalemates into which the Libyan War degenerated, stalemates which were ended only by the outbreak of the First Balkan War in 1912, when the Ottomans were obliged to make peace with Italy to face more dangerous enemies nearer home. The Italo-Turkish War was the first armed clash between the lesser Great Powers immediately before 1914, leading inexorably to the deterioration of the Balkan situation and to Sarajevo. This is the first study based on the archives of the Ottoman Foreign Ministry for the period, as well as on better-known Italian sources.

Author : Gabriele Esposito
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2020-09-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472839404

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Armies of the Italian-Turkish War by Gabriele Esposito Pdf

In the early 1900s, the decaying Ottoman Turkish Empire had lost some of its Balkan territories, but still nominally ruled all of North Africa between British Egypt in the east and French Algeria in the west. Libya had fertile coastal territory, and was the last North African (almost, the last African) region not yet conquered by a European colonialist power. Italy was a young country, ambitious for colonies, but had been defeated in Ethiopia in the 1890s. The Italian government of Giovanni Giolitti was keen to overwrite the memory of that failure, and to gain a strategic grip over the central Mediterranean by seizing Libya, just across the narrows from Sicily. The Italian expeditionary force that landed in October 1911 easily defeated the Ottoman division based in the coastal cities, incurring few losses. However, the Libyan inland tribes reacted furiously to the Italian conquest, and their insurgency cost the Italians thousands of casualties, locking them into the coastal enclaves during a winter stalemate which diminished Italian public enthusiasm for the war. To retrieve Italian prestige the government launched a naval campaign in the Dardanelles and the Dodecanese – the last Turkish held archipelago in the Aegean – in April–May 1912, and landed troops to capture Rhodes. The army finally pushed inland in Libya in July– October (using systematic air reconnaissance, for the first time), and after brutal fighting the war ended in a treaty that brought Italy all it wanted, although though the Libyan tribes would not finally be quelled until after World War I. Containing accurate full-colour artwork and unrivalled detail, Armies of the Italian-Turkish War offers a vivid insight into the troops involved in this pivotal campaign, including the tribal insurgents and the navies of both sides.

Author : Charles Stephenson
Publisher : Tattered Flag
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2014-12-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9780957689275

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A Box of Sand by Charles Stephenson Pdf

This is the first book in the English language to offer an analysis of a conflict that, in so many ways, raised the curtain on the Great War. In September 1911, Italy declared war on the once mighty, transcontinental Ottoman Empire _ but it was an Empire in decline. The ambitious Italy decided to add to her growing African empire by attacking Ottoman-ruled Tripolitania (Libya). The Italian action began the rapid fall of the Ottoman Empire, which would end with its disintegration at the end of the First World War. The day after Ottoman Turkey made peace with Italy in October 1912, the Balkan League attacked in the First Balkan War. The Italo-Ottoman War, as a prelude to the unprecedented hostilities that would follow, has so many firsts and pointers to the awful future: the first three-dimensional war with aerial reconnaissance and bombing, and the first use of armored vehicles, operating in concert with conventional ground and naval forces; war fever whipped up by the Italian press; military incompetence and stalemate; lessons in how not to fight a guerrilla war; mass death from disease and 10,000 more from reprisals and executions. Thirty thousand men would die in a struggle for what may described as little more than a scatolone di sabbia _ a box of sand. As acclaimed historian Charles Stephenson portrays in this ground-breaking study, if there is an exemplar of the futility of war, this is it. Apart from the loss of life and the huge cost to Italy (much higher than was originally envisaged), the main outcome was to halve the Libyan population through emigration, famine and casualties. The Italo-Ottoman War was a conflict overshadowed by the Great War _ but one which in many ways presaged the horrors to come. A Box of Sand will be of great interest to students of military history and those with an interest in the history of North Africa and the development of technology in war.

Author : Dominik Geppert,William Mulligan,Andreas Rose
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 391 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2015-05-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107063471

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The Wars before the Great War by Dominik Geppert,William Mulligan,Andreas Rose Pdf

This volume offers a comprehensive account of the wars before the Great War and their role in undermining international instability.

Author : Charles Stephenson
Publisher : Tattered Flag
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2014-12-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9780957689220

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A Box of Sand by Charles Stephenson Pdf

This is the first book in the English language to offer an analysis of a conflict that, in so many ways, raised the curtain on the Great War. In September 1911, Italy declared war on the once mighty, transcontinental Ottoman Empire _ but it was an Empire in decline. The ambitious Italy decided to add to her growing African empire by attacking Ottoman-ruled Tripolitania (Libya). The Italian action began the rapid fall of the Ottoman Empire, which would end with its disintegration at the end of the First World War. The day after Ottoman Turkey made peace with Italy in October 1912, the Balkan League attacked in the First Balkan War. The Italo-Ottoman War, as a prelude to the unprecedented hostilities that would follow, has so many firsts and pointers to the awful future: the first three-dimensional war with aerial reconnaissance and bombing, and the first use of armored vehicles, operating in concert with conventional ground and naval forces; war fever whipped up by the Italian press; military incompetence and stalemate; lessons in how not to fight a guerrilla war; mass death from disease and 10,000 more from reprisals and executions. Thirty thousand men would die in a struggle for what may described as little more than a scatolone di sabbia _ a box of sand. As acclaimed historian Charles Stephenson portrays in this ground-breaking study, if there is an exemplar of the futility of war, this is it. Apart from the loss of life and the huge cost to Italy (much higher than was originally envisaged), the main outcome was to halve the Libyan population through emigration, famine and casualties. The Italo-Ottoman War was a conflict overshadowed by the Great War _ but one which in many ways presaged the horrors to come. A Box of Sand will be of great interest to students of military history and those with an interest in the history of North Africa and the development of technology in war.

Author : Silvia Bruzzi
Publisher : Centre français des études éthiopiennes
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9791036523786

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The First World War from Tripoli to Addis Ababa (1911-1924) by Silvia Bruzzi Pdf

For a long time now it has been common understanding that Africa played only a marginal role in the First World War. Its reduced theatre of operations appeared irrelevant to the strategic balance of the major powers. This volume is a contribution to the growing body of historical literature that explores the global and social history of the First World War. It questions the supposedly marginal role of Africa during the Great War with a special focus on Northeast Africa. In fact, between 1911 and 1924 a series of influential political and social upheavals took place in the vast expanse between Tripoli and Addis Ababa. The First World War was to profoundly change the local balance of power. This volume consists of fifteen chapters divided into three sections. The essays examine the social, political and operational course of the war and assess its consequences in a region straddling Africa and the Middle East. The relationship between local events and global processes is explored, together with the regional protagonists and their agency. Contrary to the myth still prevailing, the First World War did have both immediate and long-term effects on the region. This book highlights some of the significant aspects associated with it.

Author : Gabriele Esposito
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472839435

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Armies of the Italian-Turkish War by Gabriele Esposito Pdf

In the early 1900s, the decaying Ottoman Turkish Empire had lost some of its Balkan territories, but still nominally ruled all of North Africa between British Egypt in the east and French Algeria in the west. Libya had fertile coastal territory, and was the last North African (almost, the last African) region not yet conquered by a European colonialist power. Italy was a young country, ambitious for colonies, but had been defeated in Ethiopia in the 1890s. The Italian government of Giovanni Giolitti was keen to overwrite the memory of that failure, and to gain a strategic grip over the central Mediterranean by seizing Libya, just across the narrows from Sicily. The Italian expeditionary force that landed in October 1911 easily defeated the Ottoman division based in the coastal cities, incurring few losses. However, the Libyan inland tribes reacted furiously to the Italian conquest, and their insurgency cost the Italians thousands of casualties, locking them into the coastal enclaves during a winter stalemate which diminished Italian public enthusiasm for the war. To retrieve Italian prestige the government launched a naval campaign in the Dardanelles and the Dodecanese – the last Turkish held archipelago in the Aegean – in April–May 1912, and landed troops to capture Rhodes. The army finally pushed inland in Libya in July– October (using systematic air reconnaissance, for the first time), and after brutal fighting the war ended in a treaty that brought Italy all it wanted, although though the Libyan tribes would not finally be quelled until after World War I. Containing accurate full-colour artwork and unrivalled detail, Armies of the Italian-Turkish War offers a vivid insight into the troops involved in this pivotal campaign, including the tribal insurgents and the navies of both sides.

Author : Karl P. Mueller
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 447 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2015-07-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9780833087935

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Precision and Purpose by Karl P. Mueller Pdf

Between March and October 2011, a coalition of North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member states and several partner nations waged a war against Muammar Qaddafi's Libyan regime that stemmed and then reversed the tide of Libya's civil war, preventing Qaddafi from crushing the nascent rebel movement seeking to overthrow his dictatorship and going on to enable opposition forces to prevail. The central element of this intervention was a relatively small multinational force's air campaign operating from NATO bases in several countries, as well as from a handful of aircraft carriers and amphibious ships in the Mediterranean Sea. The study details each country's contribution to that air campaign, examining such issues as the limits of airpower and coordination among nations. It also explores whether the Libyan experience offers a potential model for the future.

Author : R. Ben-Ghiat,M. Fuller
Publisher : Springer
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2016-04-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781403981585

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Italian Colonialism by R. Ben-Ghiat,M. Fuller Pdf

Italian Colonialism is a pioneering anthology of texts by scholars from seven countries who represent the best of classical and newer approaches to the study of Italian colonization. Essays on the political, economic, and military aspects of Italian colonialism are featured alongside works that reflect the insights of anthropology, race and gender studies, film, architecture, and oral and cultural history. The volume includes many essays by Italian and African scholars that have never been translated into English. It is a unique resource that offers students and scholars a comprehensive view of the field.

Author : W. H. Beehler
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 158545463X

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The History of the Italian-Turkish War (September 29,1911 to October 18, 1912) by W. H. Beehler Pdf

In 1911 Italy looked to join the ranks of European colonial nations and looked south to Africa. Its eyes fell on Libya, part of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire, otherwise known as the "Sick Man of Europe", was weak and vulnerable. Italy invaded an Ottoman province that was far from Turkey, but close to Italy. Italy's armed forces were quite modern, by comparison to those of the Ottomans. They used airplanes and dirigibles against the Turkish garrison and their Libyan allies. This work is purely military, written by a former naval attaché. It discusses the Italian and Turkish naval forces and land forces. It describes the defenses of the Dardanelles.

Author : Eileen Ryan
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190673796

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Religion as Resistance by Eileen Ryan Pdf

"This book examines debates over the best methods for colonial rule in Italian Libya as a self-reflexive process that tell us more about the contentious connection between religious and political authority in Italy than about Muslim North Africa"--

Author : Sinan Kuneralp
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Italy
ISBN : 9754284350

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The Turco-Italian War, 1911-1912 by Sinan Kuneralp Pdf

Author : W.H. Beehler
Publisher : Рипол Классик
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2024-05-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9785871227831

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The history of the Italian-Turkish War, September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912 by W.H. Beehler Pdf