Italo Turkish Diplomacy And The War Over Libya 1911 1912

Author : Timothy Winston Childs
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : History
ISBN : 9004090258

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Italo-Turkish Diplomacy and the War Over Libya by Timothy Winston Childs Pdf

In 1911 Italy, an aspiring Great Power, attacked Ottoman Libya. Italian diplomacy had long anticipated this attack, but Italy's military was ill-prepared for it. The Ottoman Empire, distracted by internal dissension and by the expansionist designs of its Balkan neighbours, was woefully unready. This study examines how the belligerents dealt with the military and diplomatic stalemates into which the Libyan War degenerated, stalemates which were ended only by the outbreak of the First Balkan War in 1912, when the Ottomans were obliged to make peace with Italy to face more dangerous enemies nearer home. The Italo-Turkish War was the first armed clash between the lesser Great Powers immediately before 1914, leading inexorably to the deterioration of the Balkan situation and to Sarajevo. This is the first study based on the archives of the Ottoman Foreign Ministry for the period, as well as on better-known Italian sources.

Author : Childs
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789004491885

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Italo-Turkish Diplomacy and the War over Libya, 1911-1912 by Childs Pdf

In 1911 Italy, an aspiring Great Power, attacked Ottoman Libya. Italian diplomacy had long anticipated this attack, but Italy's military was ill-prepared for it. The Ottoman Empire, distracted by internal dissension and by the expansionist designs of its Balkan neighbours, was woefully unready. This study examines how the belligerents dealt with the military and diplomatic stalemates into which the Libyan War degenerated, stalemates which were ended only by the outbreak of the First Balkan War in 1912, when the Ottomans were obliged to make peace with Italy to face more dangerous enemies nearer home. The Italo-Turkish War was the first armed clash between the lesser Great Powers immediately before 1914, leading inexorably to the deterioration of the Balkan situation and to Sarajevo. This is the first study based on the archives of the Ottoman Foreign Ministry for the period, as well as on better-known Italian sources.

Author : Charles Stephenson
Publisher : Tattered Flag
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9780957689220

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A Box of Sand by Charles Stephenson Pdf

This is the first book in the English language to offer an analysis of a conflict that, in so many ways, raised the curtain on the Great War. In September 1911, Italy declared war on the once mighty, transcontinental Ottoman Empire _ but it was an Empire in decline. The ambitious Italy decided to add to her growing African empire by attacking Ottoman-ruled Tripolitania (Libya). The Italian action began the rapid fall of the Ottoman Empire, which would end with its disintegration at the end of the First World War. The day after Ottoman Turkey made peace with Italy in October 1912, the Balkan League attacked in the First Balkan War. The Italo-Ottoman War, as a prelude to the unprecedented hostilities that would follow, has so many firsts and pointers to the awful future: the first three-dimensional war with aerial reconnaissance and bombing, and the first use of armored vehicles, operating in concert with conventional ground and naval forces; war fever whipped up by the Italian press; military incompetence and stalemate; lessons in how not to fight a guerrilla war; mass death from disease and 10,000 more from reprisals and executions. Thirty thousand men would die in a struggle for what may described as little more than a scatolone di sabbia _ a box of sand. As acclaimed historian Charles Stephenson portrays in this ground-breaking study, if there is an exemplar of the futility of war, this is it. Apart from the loss of life and the huge cost to Italy (much higher than was originally envisaged), the main outcome was to halve the Libyan population through emigration, famine and casualties. The Italo-Ottoman War was a conflict overshadowed by the Great War _ but one which in many ways presaged the horrors to come. A Box of Sand will be of great interest to students of military history and those with an interest in the history of North Africa and the development of technology in war.

Author : Italy. Esercito. Corpo di stato maggiore
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1914
Category : Turco-Italian War, 1911-1912
ISBN : MINN:319510017166573

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The Italo-Turkish War (1911-12.). by Italy. Esercito. Corpo di stato maggiore Pdf

Author : Andrea Ungari
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9781443864923

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The Libyan War 1911-1912 by Andrea Ungari Pdf

The war between Italy and the Ottoman Empire for possession of Cyrenaica and Tripolitania was a crucial event both for Italian domestic and foreign policy and for the contemporary European balance of power. For Italian society the Libyan conflict was in many ways a dress rehearsal for the First World War. The propaganda campaign for the occupation of Libya, orchestrated around the myth of the “Grande Italia” and the “Grande proletaria” had an important impact on the Italian political system, even more than the military operations, testing its stability and leading to violent debate not only between the parties, but also inside the parties themselves. The essays brought together in this book illustrate the attitude of the political forces that were the main supporters of the Italian intervention in Libya, and the international context in which the war between Italy and the Ottoman Empire came about. Using new sources or re-reading the sources already known with the insight gained from the passage of a hundred years, the authors reflect on a conflict that had profound repercussions for Italian and European politics and contributed to ending the Belle Époque, raising in the minds of both the Italian and European public the specter of a new war in Europe.

Author : Renato Tittoni,Italy, Esercito Staff
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2014-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1900688956

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The Italo-Turkish War, 1911-1912 by Renato Tittoni,Italy, Esercito Staff Pdf

Author : Gabriele Esposito
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472839435

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Armies of the Italian-Turkish War by Gabriele Esposito Pdf

In the early 1900s, the decaying Ottoman Turkish Empire had lost some of its Balkan territories, but still nominally ruled all of North Africa between British Egypt in the east and French Algeria in the west. Libya had fertile coastal territory, and was the last North African (almost, the last African) region not yet conquered by a European colonialist power. Italy was a young country, ambitious for colonies, but had been defeated in Ethiopia in the 1890s. The Italian government of Giovanni Giolitti was keen to overwrite the memory of that failure, and to gain a strategic grip over the central Mediterranean by seizing Libya, just across the narrows from Sicily. The Italian expeditionary force that landed in October 1911 easily defeated the Ottoman division based in the coastal cities, incurring few losses. However, the Libyan inland tribes reacted furiously to the Italian conquest, and their insurgency cost the Italians thousands of casualties, locking them into the coastal enclaves during a winter stalemate which diminished Italian public enthusiasm for the war. To retrieve Italian prestige the government launched a naval campaign in the Dardanelles and the Dodecanese – the last Turkish held archipelago in the Aegean – in April–May 1912, and landed troops to capture Rhodes. The army finally pushed inland in Libya in July– October (using systematic air reconnaissance, for the first time), and after brutal fighting the war ended in a treaty that brought Italy all it wanted, although though the Libyan tribes would not finally be quelled until after World War I. Containing accurate full-colour artwork and unrivalled detail, Armies of the Italian-Turkish War offers a vivid insight into the troops involved in this pivotal campaign, including the tribal insurgents and the navies of both sides.

Author : Sinan Kuneralp
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Italy
ISBN : 9754284350

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The Turco-Italian War, 1911-1912 by Sinan Kuneralp Pdf

Author : Sir Ernest Nathaniel Bennett
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1912
Category : Libya
ISBN : STANFORD:36105081348398

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With the Turks in Tripoli by Sir Ernest Nathaniel Bennett Pdf

Author : William Henry Beehler
Publisher : War College Series
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2015-02-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1295946343

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The History of the Italian-Turkish War, September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912 - War College Series by William Henry Beehler Pdf

This is a curated and comprehensive collection of the most important works covering matters related to national security, diplomacy, defense, war, strategy, and tactics. The collection spans centuries of thought and experience, and includes the latest analysis of international threats, both conventional and asymmetric. It also includes riveting first person accounts of historic battles and wars.Some of the books in this Series are reproductions of historical works preserved by some of the leading libraries in the world. As with any reproduction of a historical artifact, some of these books contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. We believe these books are essential to this collection and the study of war, and have therefore brought them back into print, despite these imperfections.We hope you enjoy the unmatched breadth and depth of this collection, from the historical to the just-published works.

Author : W. H. Beehler
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 158545463X

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The History of the Italian-Turkish War (September 29,1911 to October 18, 1912) by W. H. Beehler Pdf

In 1911 Italy looked to join the ranks of European colonial nations and looked south to Africa. Its eyes fell on Libya, part of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire, otherwise known as the "Sick Man of Europe", was weak and vulnerable. Italy invaded an Ottoman province that was far from Turkey, but close to Italy. Italy's armed forces were quite modern, by comparison to those of the Ottomans. They used airplanes and dirigibles against the Turkish garrison and their Libyan allies. This work is purely military, written by a former naval attaché. It discusses the Italian and Turkish naval forces and land forces. It describes the defenses of the Dardanelles.

Author : Paolo Soave,Luciano Monzali
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781838606954

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Italy and the Middle East by Paolo Soave,Luciano Monzali Pdf

Italy played a vital role in the Cold War dynamics that shaped the Middle East in the latter part of the 20th century. It was a junior partner in the strategic plans of NATO and warmly appreciated by some Arab countries for its regional approach. But Italian foreign policy towards the Middle East balanced between promoting dialogue, stability and cooperation on one hand, and colluding with global superpower manoeuvres to exploit existing tensions and achieve local influence on the other. Italy and the Middle East brings together a range of experts on Italian international relations to analyse, for the first time in English, the country's Cold War relationship with the Middle East. Chapters covering a wide range of defining twentieth century events - from the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Lebanese Civil War, to the Iranian Revolution and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan – demonstrate the nuances of Italian foreign policy in dealing with the complexity of Middle Eastern relations. The collection demonstrates the interaction of local and global issues in shaping Italy's international relations with the Middle East, making it essential reading to students of the Cold War, regional interactions, and the international relations of Italy and the Middle East.

Author : William Mulligan
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 452 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-05-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9780300206210

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The Great War for Peace by William Mulligan Pdf

“The war to end all wars” rings out a bitter mockery of the First World War, often viewed as the seminal catastrophe of the twentieth century, the crucible from which Soviet, Fascist, and Nazi dictatorships emerged. Today’s conventional wisdom is that the Great War attuned the world to large-scale slaughter, that post-war efforts directed by the Treaty at Versailles were botched, that unbridled new nationalisms made the Second World War inevitable. This provocative book refutes such interpretations, arguing instead that the first two decades of the twentieth century—and the First World War in particular—played an essential part in the construction of a peaceful new order on a global scale. Historian William Mulligan takes an entirely fresh look at the aspirations of statesmen, soldiers, intellectuals, and civilians who participated in the war and at the new ideas about peace that were forged. While the hope for ultimate peace may have legitimized and even intensified the violence of the war, it also broadened conventional ideas about international politics and led to the emergence of such institutions as the League of Nations and the International Labour Organization. The experience of the First World War reinforced humanitarian concerns in political life and focused attention on building a better and more peaceful world order, Mulligan shows. Such issues resonate still in the political and diplomatic debates of today.

Author : Ronald Bruce St John
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780812203219

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Libya and the United States, Two Centuries of Strife by Ronald Bruce St John Pdf

Diplomatic relations between the United States and Libya have rarely followed a smooth path. Washington has repeatedly tried and failed to mediate lasting solutions, to prevent recurrent crises, and to secure its own national interests in a region of increasing importance to the United States. Libya and the United States, Two Centuries of Strife provides a unique and up-to-date analysis of U.S.-Libyan relations, assessing within the framework of conventional historical narrative the interaction of the governments and peoples of Libya and the United States over the past two centuries. Drawing on a wide range of new and unfamiliar material, Ronald Bruce St John, an expert with over thirty years of experience in international relations, charts the instances of ignorance, misunderstanding, treachery, and suffering on both sides that have shaped and limited commercial and diplomatic intercourse. St John argues that Cold War strategies resulted in a paradoxical and ambiguous U.S. policy toward Libya during the Idris regime of the 1960s, strategies that contributed to the bankruptcy of that monarchy. Following the Libyan revolution, the U.S. wrongly believed Qaddafi would become an ally in support of U.S. policy to keep Soviet influence and communism out of the region; his failure to do so marked the beginning of an era of political tension and mutual distrust. Libya and the United States, Two Centuries of Strife documents how long-standing policy differences over the Palestinian issue and such terrorist acts as the destruction of the U.S. embassy in Tripoli and the Pan Am explosion over Lockerbie in 1988 resulted in a sharp deterioration of relations. St John contends that the ensuing demonization of Libya and the U.S. policy of confrontation, which has spanned successive administrations in Washington, have ironically often not served American interests in the region but, rather, have facilitated Qaddafi's survival.

Author : Megan Eaton Robb
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190089382

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Print and the Urdu Public by Megan Eaton Robb Pdf

In early twentieth century British India, prior to the arrival of digital medias and after the rise of nationalist political movements, a small-town paper from the margins of society became a key player in Urdu journalism. Published in the isolated market town of Bijnor, Madinah grew to hold influence across North India and the Punjab while navigating complex issues of religious and political identity. In Print and the Urdu Public, Megan Robb uses the previously unexamined perspective of the Madinah to consider Urdu print publics and urban life in South Asia. Through a discursive and material analysis of Madinah, the book explores how Muslims who had settled in ancestral qasbahs, or small towns, used newspapers to facilitate a new public consciousness. The book demonstrates how Madinah connected the Urdu newspaper conversation both explicitly and implicitly with Muslim identity and delineated the boundaries of a Muslim public conversation in a way that emphasized rootedness to local politics and small urban spaces. The case study of this influential but understudied newspaper reveals how a network of journalists with substantial ties to qasbahs produced a discourse self-consciously alternative to the Western-influenced, secularized cities. Megan Robb augments the analysis with evidence from contemporary Urdu, English, and Hindi papers, government records, private diaries, private library holdings, ethnographic interviews, and training materials for newspaper printers. This thoroughly researched volume recovers the erasure of qasbah voices and proclaims the importance of space and time in definitions of the public sphere in South Asia. Print and the Urdu Public demonstrates how an Urdu newspaper published from the margins became central to the Muslim public constituted in the first half of the twentieth century.