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The Lighthouses of Greece by Elinor De Wire,Dolores Reyes-Pergioudakis Pdf
With thousands of islands adrift in cerulean waters and a long, labyrinthine coastline, Greeks have always traveled liquid highways. They built the world's first documented lighthouse at the Mediterranean port of Alexandria more than two-thousand years ago, and since that time countless sentinels have risen and fallen on Greek shores. Weather, warfare, erosion, and earthquakes have reduced some to rubble, but more than 100 traditional stone lighthouses still stand in Greece today--old sentries keeping watch over every vessel, large or small, from freighters and tankers and cruise ships to fishermen and ferries. Their romance, beauty, and history are captured in this handy guidebook. Beguiling images, fascinating histories, and helpful travel information will guide you to these beloved seamarks in the land of Hellene.
'Beacon on the Rock' tells the fascinating history of the lighthouse, including stories of human skill, endeavour and indefatigable resolve in the face of the physical, emotional and mental obstacles of the ocean.
State Succession to International Responsibility by Patrick Dumberry Pdf
This volume addresses the controversial issue of State succession to international responsibility. It deals with two distinct questions. Firstly, whether or not there is State succession to obligations arising from internationally wrongful acts committed by the predecessor State against a third State before the date of succession. Secondly, whether or not there is State succession to the right to claim reparation as a consequence of internationally wrongful acts committed by a third State against the predecessor State before the date of succession. Winner 2008 ASIL Certificate of Merrit for High Technical Craftsmanship And Utility To Practicing Lawyers And Scholars.
Author : United Nations International Law Commission Publisher : United Nations Page : 300 pages File Size : 43,9 Mb Release : 1978-12-15 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9789213623404
Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1978, Vol II, Part 1 by United Nations International Law Commission Pdf
The Yearbook of the International Law Commission Volume II, contains summary records of the International Law Commission sessions on such subjects as: arbitral procedures, diplomatic immunities, Law of the Sea, nationality, Law of Treaties and Rights and Duties of States.
Sketches and Studies in Italy and Greece by John Addington Symonds Pdf
CONTENTS Ravenna Rimini May in Umbria The Palace of Urbino Vittoria Accoramboni Autumn Wanderings Parma Canossa Fornovo Florence and the Medici The Debt of English to Italian Literature Popular Songs of Tuscany Popular Italian Poetry of the Renaissance The 'Orfeo' of Poliziano Eight Sonnets of Petrarch
Author : Charles River Charles River Editors,Charles River Publisher : CreateSpace Page : 40 pages File Size : 47,6 Mb Release : 2014-05-06 Category : History ISBN : 1499371454
The Lighthouse of Alexandria by Charles River Charles River Editors,Charles River Pdf
*Includes pictures. *Includes historic accounts that describe the Lighthouse. *Explains the debates over how the lighthouse was built and operated, and how it was destroyed. *Includes a bibliography for further reading. "At the harbor of Alexandria stands the tower called Pharos, the first wonder. It is held together by glass and lead and is 600 yards high" - Epiphanius the Monk "The Pharos today is composed of four stages. The first, of a rectangular design, is remarkably built in rectangular cut stones, of which the joints are so well concealed that the whole seems to be formed of a single block of stone, remaining insensible to the ravages of time." - Al Bakri, a medieval traveler and writer. Over 2,000 years ago, two ancient writers named Antipater of Sidon and Philo of Byzantium authored antiquity's most well known tour guides. After the two Greeks had traveled around the Mediterranean, they wrote of what they considered to be the classical world's greatest construction projects. While there is still some question as to who actually authored the text attributed to Philo and when it was authored, their lists ended up comprising the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, igniting interest in the ones they chose and inspiring subsequent generations to identify their own era's Seven Wonders. The youngest of the Wonders also turned out to be the most practical and one of the longest-lived, surviving into the late Middle Ages. It was a lighthouse built on the northern coast of Egypt in Africa, at the Greek city founded in Alexander's name. It was the Pharos, the Great Lighthouse of Alexandria. Among antiquity's wonders, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was fairly unique both in terms of its purpose and its secular nature. While pyramids and statues served religious purposes in Egypt and Greece, and others were impressive works of art, the origins of the Lighthouse were not even as a lighthouse at all. Instead, the large formation on the island of Pharos in the harbor of Alexandria was originally meant to help sailors identify the location of the city during the day, and some speculate it was not until later that Alexandrians decided to make it a true lighthouse that would serve sailors at night. Julius Caesar himself noted the Lighthouse's other practical use in his commentaries about Rome's civil wars: "Now because of the narrowness of the strait there can be no access by ship to the harbour without the consent of those who hold the Pharos. In view of this, Caesar took the precaution of landing his troops while the enemy was preoccupied with fighting, seized the Pharos and posted a garrison there. The result was that safe access was secured for his...supplies and reinforcements." It's easy to understand Caesar's point, because while there is still debate over its height, the Lighthouse of Alexandria was unquestionably one of the tallest man-made structures in the world at the time, if not the tallest. While ancient accounts often exaggerated its height, medieval Arab sources often claimed it was somewhere around 300-350 feet tall, with an incredibly wide base, and those sources wrote at a time where it had already required repairs due to earthquake damage. Efforts to repair it kept going until the 14th century, when the damage was so extensive that it was mostly left in ruins, the last of which were taken for other building projects and/or slipped underneath the Mediterranean. Fortunately, due to descriptions of the lighthouse and archaeological remains, modern scholars are able to understand this wonder better than most, and there may even be future attempts to build a replica and bring it back to life. The Lighthouse of Alexandria covers the ancient wonder's history and the mysteries surrounding it, including the debate over how it was built, operated, and destroyed. Along with pictures and a bibliography, you will learn about the Lighthouse of Alexandria like never before.
