The Marines Counterinsurgency And Strategic Culture

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The Marines, Counterinsurgency, and Strategic Culture

Jeannie L. Johnson
The Marines Counterinsurgency and Strategic Culture Book PDF

Author : Jeannie L. Johnson
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2018-05-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781626165571

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The Marines, Counterinsurgency, and Strategic Culture by Jeannie L. Johnson Pdf

The United States Marine Corps has a unique culture that ensures comradery, exacting standards, and readiness to be the first to every fight. Yet even in a group that is known for innovation, culture can push leaders to fall back on ingrained preferences. Jeannie L. Johnson takes a sympathetic but critical look at the Marine Corps’s long experience with counterinsurgency warfare. Which counterinsurgency lessons have been learned and retained for next time and which have been abandoned to history is a story of battlefield trial and error--but also a story of cultural collisions. The book begins with a fascinating and penetrating look inside the culture of the Marine Corps through research in primary sources, including Marine oral histories, and interviews with Marines. Johnson explores what makes this branch of the military distinct: their identity, norms, values, and perceptual lens. She then traces the history of the Marines’ counterinsurgency experience from the expeditionary missions of the early twentieth century, through the Vietnam War, and finally to the Iraq War. Her findings break new ground in strategic culture by introducing a methodology that was pioneered in the intelligence community to forecast behavior. Johnson shows that even a service as self-aware and dedicated to innovation as the Marine Corps is constrained in the lessons-learned process by its own internal predispositions, by the wider US military culture, and by national preferences. Her findings challenge the conclusions of previous counterinsurgency scholarship that ignores culture. This highly readable book reminds us of Sun Tzu’s wisdom that to be successful in war, it is important to know thyself as well as the enemy. This is a must-read for anyone interested in the Marines Corps, counterinsurgency warfare, military innovation, or strategic culture.

The Trillion Dollar War

Abid Amiri
The Trillion Dollar War Book PDF

Author : Abid Amiri
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1737040573

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The Trillion Dollar War by Abid Amiri Pdf

"The Trillion Dollar War is the culmination of an Afghan's personal life story weaved into academic understanding and coupled with professional experience in the field of development. It is written for Afghans, Afghan policymakers, and those in the West and broader international community who truly wish to see Afghanistan progress after more than 20 years of war. This title offers a perspective on how the United States and Afghanistan got where they are and proposes ways to find the economic growth that has until now remained elusive"--

The Soul of Armies

Austin Long
The Soul of Armies Book PDF

Author : Austin Long
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2016-03-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781501703904

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The Soul of Armies by Austin Long Pdf

For both the United States and United Kingdom counterinsurgency was a serious component of security policy during the Cold War and, along with counterterrorism, has been the greatest security challenge after September 11, 2001. In The Soul of Armies Austin Long compares and contrasts counterinsurgency operations during the Cold War and in recent years by three organizations: the US Army, the US Marine Corps, and the British Army.Long argues that the formative experiences of these three organizations as they professionalized in the nineteenth century has produced distinctive organizational cultures that shape operations. Combining archival research on counterinsurgency campaigns in Vietnam and Kenya with the author's personal experience as a civilian advisor to the military in Iraq and Afghanistan, The Soul of Armies demonstrates that the US Army has persistently conducted counterinsurgency operations in a very different way from either the US Marine Corps or the British Army. These differences in conduct have serious consequences, affecting the likelihood of success, the potential for civilian casualties and collateral damage, and the ability to effectively support host nation governments. Long concludes counterinsurgency operations are at best only a partial explanation for success or failure.

Culture, Conflict, and Counterinsurgency

Thomas H. Johnson,Barry Zellen
Culture Conflict and Counterinsurgency Book PDF

Author : Thomas H. Johnson,Barry Zellen
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 299 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780804789219

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Culture, Conflict, and Counterinsurgency by Thomas H. Johnson,Barry Zellen Pdf

The authors of Culture, Conflict and Counterinsurgency contend that an enduring victory can still be achieved in Afghanistan. However, to secure it we must better understand the cultural foundations of the continuing conflicts that rage across Afghanistan and neighboring Pakistan, and shift our strategy from an attritional engagement to a smarter war plan that embraces these cultural dimensions. They examine the nexus of culture, conflict, and strategic intervention, and attempt to establish if culture is important in a national security and foreign policy context, and to explore how cultural phenomena and information can best be used by the military. In the process they address just how intimate cultural knowledge needs to be to counter an insurgency effectively. Finally, they establish exactly how good we've been at building and utilizing cultural understanding in Afghanistan, what the operational impact of that understanding has been, and where we must improve to maximize our use of cultural knowledge in preparing for and engaging in future conflicts.

Military Anthropology

Montgomery McFate
Military Anthropology Book PDF

Author : Montgomery McFate
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2018-05-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780190934941

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Military Anthropology by Montgomery McFate Pdf

In almost every military intervention in its history, the US has made cultural mistakes that hindered attainment of its policy goals. From the strategic bombing of Vietnam to the accidental burning of the Koran in Afghanistan, it has blundered around with little consideration of local cultural beliefs and for the long-term effects on the host nation's society. Cultural anthropology--the so-called "handmaiden of colonialism"--has historically served as an intellectual bridge between Western powers and local nationals. What light can it shed on the intersection of the US military and foreign societies today? This book tells the story of anthropologists who worked directly for the military, such as Ursula Graham Bower, the only woman to hold a British combat command during WWII. Each faced challenges including the negative outcomes of exporting Western political models and errors of perception. Ranging from the British colonial era in Africa to the recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, Military Anthropology illustrates the conceptual, cultural and practical barriers encountered by military organisations operating in societies vastly different from their own.

Routledge Handbook of Strategic Culture

Kerry M. Kartchner,Briana D. Bowen,Jeannie L. Johnson
Routledge Handbook of Strategic Culture Book PDF

Author : Kerry M. Kartchner,Briana D. Bowen,Jeannie L. Johnson
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 515 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2023-10-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000956351

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Routledge Handbook of Strategic Culture by Kerry M. Kartchner,Briana D. Bowen,Jeannie L. Johnson Pdf

This handbook offers a collection of cutting-edge essays on all aspects of strategic culture by a mix of international scholars, consultants, military officers, and policymakers. The volume explicitly addresses the analytical conundrums faced by scholars who wish to employ or generate strategic cultural insights, with substantive commentary on defining and scoping strategic culture, analytic frameworks and approaches, levels of analysis, sources of strategic culture, and modalities of change in strategic culture. The chapters engage strategic culture at the civilizational, regional, supra-national, national, non-state actor, and organizational levels. The volume is divided into five thematic parts, which will appeal to both students who are new to the subject and scholars who wish to incorporate strategic culture into their toolbox of analytical techniques. Part I assesses the evolving theoretical strengths and weaknesses of the field. Part II lays out elements of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the field, including sources and components of strategic culture. Part III presents a number of national strategic cultural profiles, representing the state of contemporary strategic culture scholarship. Part IV addresses the utility of strategic culture for practitioners and scholars. Part V summarizes the key theoretical and practical insights offered by the volume’s contributors. This handbook will be of much interest to students of strategic studies, defense studies, security studies, and international relations in general, as well as to professional practitioners.

Counterinsurgency Field Manual

The U.S. Army Marine Corps
Counterinsurgency Field Manual Book PDF

Author : The U.S. Army Marine Corps
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 474 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2008-09-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226841526

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Counterinsurgency Field Manual by The U.S. Army Marine Corps Pdf

When the U.S. military invaded Iraq, it lacked a common understanding of the problems inherent in counterinsurgency campaigns. It had neither studied them, nor developed doctrine and tactics to deal with them. It is fair to say that in 2003, most Army officers knew more about the U.S. Civil War than they did about counterinsurgency. The U.S. Army / Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual was written to fill that void. The result of unprecedented collaboration among top U.S. military experts, scholars, and practitioners in the field, the manual espouses an approach to combat that emphasizes constant adaptation and learning, the importance of decentralized decision-making, the need to understand local politics and customs, and the key role of intelligence in winning the support of the population. The manual also emphasizes the paradoxical and often counterintuitive nature of counterinsurgency operations: sometimes the more you protect your forces, the less secure you are; sometimes the more force you use, the less effective it is; sometimes doing nothing is the best reaction. An new introduction by Sarah Sewall, director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, places the manual in critical and historical perspective, explaining the significance and potential impact of this revolutionary challenge to conventional U.S. military doctrine. An attempt by our military to redefine itself in the aftermath of 9/11 and the new world of international terrorism, The U.S. Army / Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual will play a vital role in American military campaigns for years to come. The University of Chicago Press will donate a portion of the proceeds from this book to the Fisher House Foundation, a private-public partnership that supports the families of America’s injured servicemen. To learn more about the Fisher House Foundation, visit www.fisherhouse.org.

Strategic Culture and Violent Non-State Actors

Edward D. Last
Strategic Culture and Violent Non State Actors Book PDF

Author : Edward D. Last
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2020-07-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000163728

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Strategic Culture and Violent Non-State Actors by Edward D. Last Pdf

This book applies strategic culture concepts to violent non-state actors (VNSAs) in a comparative analysis. In recent years, Al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) has become notorious for kidnapping Western hostages in north-western Africa and for its role in the short-lived Islamist takeover of Mali. The group, formerly known as the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat, rebranded itself as an Al-Qaida franchise in 2007, leading to speculation of a change from its Algeria-centric agenda to an anti-Western one. This study compares and contrasts the ideas and behaviour of these two groups, using a strategic-cultural approach, and finds that, despite some commonalities, AQIM has a distinct strategic culture from Al-Qaida central, thereby debunking the notion of Al-Qaida as a monolithic movement. This is the first comparative analysis of violent non-state actors to employ a strategic-cultural approach and the first such study on AQIM. While strategic culture has traditionally been applied to states, this work adds to the emerging literature applying such approaches to non-state armed groups, and employs a novel conception of strategic culture consisting of narratives and practices. This book will be of much interest to students of strategic culture, political violence, Middle Eastern politics and Security Studies in general.

Learning to Forget

David Fitzgerald
Learning to Forget Book PDF

Author : David Fitzgerald
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780804786423

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Learning to Forget by David Fitzgerald Pdf

Learning to Forget analyzes the evolution of US counterinsurgency (COIN) doctrine over the last five decades. Beginning with an extensive section on the lessons of Vietnam, it traces the decline of COIN in the 1970s, then the rebirth of low intensity conflict through the Reagan years, in the conflict in Bosnia, and finally in the campaigns of Iraq and Afghanistan. Ultimately it closes the loop by explaining how, by confronting the lessons of Vietnam, the US Army found a way out of those most recent wars. In the process it provides an illustration of how military leaders make use of history and demonstrates the difficulties of drawing lessons from the past that can usefully be applied to contemporary circumstances. The book outlines how the construction of lessons is tied to the construction of historical memory and demonstrates how histories are constructed to serve the needs of the present. In so doing, it creates a new theory of doctrinal development.

Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam

John Nagl
Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam Book PDF

Author : John Nagl
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2002-10-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780313077036

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Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam by John Nagl Pdf

Armies are invariably accused of preparing to fight the last war. Nagl examines how armies learn during the course of conflicts for which they are initially unprepared in organization, training, and mindset. He compares the development of counterinsurgency doctrine and practice in the Malayan Emergency from 1948-1960 with that developed in the Vietnam Conflict from 1950-1975, through use of archival sources and interviews with participants in both conflicts. In examining these two events, he argues that organizational culture is the key variable in determining the success or failure of attempts to adapt to changing circumstances. Differences in organizational culture is the primary reason why the British Army learned to conduct counterinsurgency in Malaya while the American Army failed to learn in Vietnam. The American Army resisted any true attempt to learn how to fight an insurgency during the course of the Vietnam Conflict, preferring to treat the war as a conventional conflict in the tradition of the Korean War or World War II. The British Army, because of its traditional role as a colonial police force and the organizational characteristics that its history and the national culture created, was better able to quickly learn and apply the lessons of counterinsurgency during the course of the Malayan Emergency. This is the first study to apply organizational learning theory to cases in which armies were engaged in actual combat.

The Marines Take Anbar

Robert Shultz
The Marines Take Anbar Book PDF

Author : Robert Shultz
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781612511412

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The Marines Take Anbar by Robert Shultz Pdf

The U.S. Marine Corps’ four-year campaign against al Qaeda in Anbar is a fight certain to take its place next to such legendary clashes as Belleau Wood, Guadalcanal, Peleliu, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, Chosin, and Khe Sanh. Its success, the author contends, constituted a major turning point in the Iraq War and helped alter the course of events and set the stage for the Surge in Baghdad a year later. This book brings to light all the decisive details of how the Marines, between 2004 and 2008, adapted and improvised as they applied the hard lessons of past mistakes. In March 2004, when part of the 1st Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF) was deployed to Anbar Province in the heart of the Sunni triangle, the Marines quickly found themselves locked in a bloody test of wills with al Qaeda, and a burgeoning violent insurgency. By the spring of 2006, according to all accounts, enemy violence was skyrocketing, while predictions for any U.S. success were plummeting. But at that same time new counterinsurgency initiatives were put in place when I MEF returned for its second tour in Anbar, and the Marines began to gain control. By September 2008 the fight was over. Richard Shultz, a well-known author and international security studies expert, has thoroughly researched this subject. His book effectively argues the case for the Marines changing the course of the war at Anbar, which is contrary to the conventional wisdom that the Surge was the turning point."

Wearing the Green Beret

Jake Olafsen
Wearing the Green Beret Book PDF

Author : Jake Olafsen
Publisher : McClelland & Stewart Limited
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2012-01-17
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780771068577

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Wearing the Green Beret by Jake Olafsen Pdf

With the authenticity of Jarhead and Bravo Two Zero and the straight-up narrative of Contact Charlie, this military memoir describes what really goes on in the training of an elite soldier and his tours in Afghanistan. In 2004, Jake Olafsen signed up for the Royal Marines Commandos. He left everything behind at home in Canada on the basis of a spur-of-the-moment decision. The Royal Marines have the toughest and longest basic training of any infantry unit in the world. For Olafson, this meant eight months of wet and cold in England and Wales. It was hell, but he came out with the four Commando qualities that the corps look for: courage, determination, unselfishness, cheerfulness in the face of adversity. Olafsen went on to serve for four years as a Commando in the Royal Marines, an elite military unit based in the United Kingdom. He went to Afghanistan twice: in 2006, he went to confront the Taliban in Helmand Province for six months, and in 2007, he was sent to do it all over again. His story is filled with good experiences, like the sense of accomplishment, patriotism, and camaraderie, and the opportunity to travel the world. But all good things come at a price. The sacrifices he made for the Corps are significant; he has killed the enemy and he has buried his friends. And in telling his story, Olafsen hopes that he can make sense of it all. This is an honest, gutsy story about the mud and the blood, the triumphs and the tragedies. From the Hardcover edition.

Applications in Operational Culture

Paula Paula Holmes-Eber,Patrice M. Patrice M. Scanlon,Andrea L. Andrea L. Hamlen
Applications in Operational Culture Book PDF

Author : Paula Paula Holmes-Eber,Patrice M. Patrice M. Scanlon,Andrea L. Andrea L. Hamlen
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 186 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2015-04-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1511657537

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Applications in Operational Culture by Paula Paula Holmes-Eber,Patrice M. Patrice M. Scanlon,Andrea L. Andrea L. Hamlen Pdf

As Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) evolved, so, too, did the Marine Corps' cultural-training efforts. Initially, cultural sensitivity training (i.e., cursory etiquette instruction) was employed in 2003, to prepare Marines for the Invasion of Baghdad during OIF I. By 2004, when the 1st Marine Division returned to Iraq for OIF II, training had evolved into culture awareness classes (i.e., introductory history, politics, religion overview). It was not until 2005 that training progressed into today's operational culture learning.

The Culture of Military Organizations

Peter R. Mansoor,Williamson Murray
The Culture of Military Organizations Book PDF

Author : Peter R. Mansoor,Williamson Murray
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 485 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108485739

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The Culture of Military Organizations by Peter R. Mansoor,Williamson Murray Pdf

Examines how military culture forms and changes, as well as its impact on the effectiveness of military organizations.

Learning from Iraq

Steven Metz
Learning from Iraq Book PDF

Author : Steven Metz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Counterinsurgency
ISBN : NWU:35556036781615

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Learning from Iraq by Steven Metz Pdf

While the involvement of the United States in counterinsurgency has a long history, it had faded in importance in the years following the end of the Cold War. When American forces first confronted it in Iraq, they were not fully prepared. Since then, the U.S. military and other government agencies have expended much effort to refine their counterinsurgency capabilities. But have they done enough?