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Author : Benjamin Shwadran
Publisher : Westview Press
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1985-09-03
Category : History
ISBN : IND:39000000846415
Author : Benjamin Shwadran
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1956
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1424020297
Author : Israel Stockman-Shomron
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-23
Category : History
ISBN : 1412826721
Israel, The Middle East and the Great Powers presents the Israel-Arab conflict to the general public in a uniquely comprehensive and interdisciplinary format. Its form and content reflect the most serious efforts of Israel's intellectual community to analyze the conflict situation in which they live, objectively and honestly. The book argues that recent events have reduced the U.S. role, and changed the policy parameters in the region. A broad cross-section of Israel's foremost orientalists, historians, juridicists and political scientists have contributed a selection of articles and lexicons which embody the essential aspects of the conflict in its broadest sense. Each key element is analyzed within a number of categories: the ideological-theological plane (Judaism, Zionism, the Holocaust, Jerusalem and the three monotheistic religions); the Palestinian sphere (PLO ideology, Jordon and the Judea & Samaria Region, the PLO and the war in lebanon); the superpowers and the wider region (Iran-Iraq, the Islamic resurgence, oil, the Soviet Union and the Middle East, the United States and Israel), etc. Detailed lexicons offer concise factual breakdowns of both the Middle East (inter-Arab aspects, key Arab countries, conventional and nuclear Arab armaments) and the Arab-Israel context (chronology of the conflict, key events and personalities in Zionism, UN involvement, international legal aspects).
Author : Benjamin Shwadran
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1959
Category : Middle East
ISBN : STANFORD:36105002504889
Author : Steven Cook
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0876093624
Author : Barry Rubin
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135168773
First Published in 1981. The objective of this study is to reconstruct the difficulty faced by American and British policy-makers in ‘determining the capabilities and intentions’ of their two main wartime allies regarding the Middle East. Specifically, it seeks to explore the role of great power relations in the Middle East in the breakdown of the wartime alliance and in the origins of the Cold War.
Author : Anand Toprani
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-04-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9780192571595
The history of oil is a chapter in the story of Europe's geopolitical decline in the twentieth century. During the era of the two world wars, a lack of oil constrained Britain and Germany from exerting their considerable economic and military power independently. Both nations' efforts to restore the independence they had enjoyed during the Age of Coal backfired by inducing strategic over-extension, which served only to hasten their demise as great powers. Having fought World War I with oil imported from the United States, Britain was determined to avoid relying upon another great power for its energy needs ever again. Even before the Great War had ended, Whitehall implemented a strategy of developing alternative sources of oil under British control. Britain's key supplier would be the Middle East - already a region of vital importance to the British Empire - whose oil potential was still unproven. As it turned out, there was plenty of oil in the Middle East, but Italian hostility after 1935 threatened transit through the Mediterranean. A shortage of tankers ruled out re-routing shipments around Africa, forcing Britain to import oil from US-controlled sources in the Western Hemisphere and depleting its foreign exchange reserves. Even as war loomed in 1939, therefore, Britain's quest for independence from the United States had failed. Germany was in an even worse position than Britain. It could not import oil from overseas in wartime due to the threat of blockade, while accumulating large stockpiles was impossible because of the economic and financial costs. The Third Reich went to war dependent on petroleum synthesized from coal, domestic crude oil, and overland imports, primarily from Romania. German leaders were confident, however, that they had enough oil to fight a series of short campaigns that would deliver to them the mastery of Europe. This plan derailed following the victory over France, when Britain continued to fight. This left Germany responsible for Europe's oil requirements while cut off from world markets. A looming energy crisis in Axis Europe, the absence of strategic alternatives, and ideological imperatives all compelled Germany in June 1941 to invade the Soviet Union and fulfill the Third Reich's ultimate ambition of becoming a world power - a decision that ultimately sealed its fate.
Author : Peter Mangold
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781135046828
Strategically placed on the global chess board, as well as controlling vast oil resources, the Middle East was one of the main theatres of Cold War. In the 1950s the Soviet Union had taken advantage of Arab Nationalists’ disillusion with British and French Imperialism, along with the emerging Arab-Israeli conflict, to establish relations with Egypt, Syria and Iraq. The United States responded by moving in to shore up the Western position. Confrontation was inevitable. Superpower Intervention in the Middle East was written in 1978, when this confrontation was at its height. The book’s main theme focuses on how the superpowers became competitively involved in local Middle East conflicts over which they could exercise only limited control, and the risks of nuclear confrontation of the kind which occurred at the end of the 1973 Arab-Israeli war. The threat to Western oil supplies is also examined. This is a fascinating work, of great relevance to scholars and students of Middle Eastern history and political diplomacy, as well as those with an interest in the relationship between the Western superpowers and this volatile region.
Author : Tore T. Petersen
Publisher : Fagbokforlaget
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : History
ISBN : IND:30000111075341
This collection of essays by a distinguished group of scholars - based on lectures presented at a conference on the Anglo-American Middle East in Trondheim, Norway during May 2005 - discusses how the different great powers have, not always successfully, tried to control the Middle East. Contributor Edward Ingram compares with a grand sweep the British and the American imperial experience in the Middle East. He notes that too many scholars exaggerate the power of 19th-century Great Britain in order to compare it with the present day 'US paramountcy.' Alan Milward is on a different tack, explaining how the oil crisis and oil embargo forced the European Common Market to take a new approach towards the Arabs, and in the process cutting loose from the American embrace and laying the foundation for a common EU foreign policy. Douglas Little deepens our understanding of his concept American Orientalism - "the tendency to dismiss Muslims as backward, decadent and evil" - ending his essay with a withering criticism of George W. Bush who has rejected the doctrine of containment in favor of preventive war when invading Iraq, needlessly creating the current imbroglio there. Peter Hahn discusses American-Israeli relations in the period 1945-1961, showing that Israeli and American officials were often at loggerheads on the future of the Jewish state. Rounding off the essays is Mary Ann Heiss' account of key episodes of American oil policy since 1945. Even with the importance of oil, as Heiss explains, the balance of power had by 1974 shifted in favor of the oil producers that had "shrewdly divided the Atlantic Alliance, pitting the Western Europeans against both the Americans and each other."
Author : Markus Kaim
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317124849
Great Powers and Regional Orders explores the manifestations of US power in the Persian Gulf and the limits of American influence. Significantly, this volume explores both the impact of US domestic politics and the role played by the region itself in terms of regional policy, order and stability. Well organized and logically structured, Markus Kaim and contributors have produced a new and unique contribution to the field that is applicable not only to US policy in the Persian Gulf but also to many other regional contexts. This will interest anyone working or researching within foreign policy, US and Middle Eastern politics.
Author : T. Petersen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 170 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2000-05-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780230599093
Anglo-American rivalry in Egypt, Iran and the Persian Gulf in the period 1952 to 1957 represented the transfer of power in the Middle East from Great Britain to the United States. As Britain's influence in Egypt and Iran declined, its determination to hold on to the Persian Gulf increased, at one point threatening to kill any Americans found in the hotly contested Buraimi oasis. The episode is little examined by historians but played a large role in the ensuing Suez crisis.
Author : Yezid Sayigh,Avi Shlaim
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1997-05-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780191571510
The Cold War has been researched in minute detail and written about at great length but it remains one of the most elusive and enigmatic conflicts of modern times. With the ending of the Cold War, it is now possible to review the entire post-war period, to examine the Cold War as history. The Middle East occupies a special place in the history of the Cold War. It was critical to its birth, its life and its demise. In the aftermath of the Second World War, it became one of the major theatres of the Cold War on account of its strategic importance and its oil resources. The key to the international politics of the Middle East during the Cold War era is the relationship between external powers and local powers. Most of the existing literature on the subject focuses on the policies of the Great Powers towards the local region. The Cold War and the Middle East redresses the balance by concentrating on the policies of the local actors. It looks at the politics of the region not just from the outside in but from the inside out. The contributors to this volume are leading scholars in the field whose interests combine International Relations and Middle Eastern Studies.
Author : Raymond Hinnebusch
Publisher : Manchester University Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2003-07-18
Category : History
ISBN : 0719053463
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of Middle East international politics in the light of international relations theory. It assesses the impact of international penetration, including the historic formation of the regional state system, the continued role of external great powers, and the incorporation of the region into the international capitalist market. It examines the region’s distinctive dialect between trans-state identities, Arabism and Islam, and the consolidation of a sovereign state system. It looks at the consequences of state formation for the ability of state elites to manage the external and domestic arenas in which they must operate; and it analyzes the impact of the foreign policy process in individual states.
Author : Benjamin Shwadran
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2019-06-07
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0367005964
The production and consumption of oil has emerged as a major factor in international economics in general and in regional and national development in particular. The struggle for access to oil and gas resources has become even more fierce, affecting the long-range strategic planning of the superpowers and causing a shift in the world balance of trade. Middle East Oil Crises Since 1973 is the logical sequel to Dr. Shwadran's classic, The Middle East, Oil and the Great Powers. In this new work, Dr. Shwadran delineates the changes in the power equation, the political atmosphere, and the resources of the participants since 1973. He marshals persuasive evidence to show that economic forces, narrow vision, and the absence of strategic planning were the major contributing factors for the oil crises of the past decade, rather than the Arab-Israeli war.
Author : Mekhon Shiloaḥ le-ḥeḳer ha-Mizraḥ ha-tikhon ṿe-Afriḳah
Publisher : Holmes & Meier Publishers
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Great powers
ISBN : UCAL:B4510092
Perhaps the most critical period in the development of modern Middle Eartern politics occurred between the two world wars. Britain and France vied for influence and control in the region by making conflicting promises to the leaders of emergent Arab nationalism as well as to those bent on building a Jewish national home in Palestine. With the rise of Hitler, the area took on increased strategic importance for western democracies. This book examines the impact of great-power priorities on the region.