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Author : Bernard Gert
Publisher : HarperCollins Publishers
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1973
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : UOM:39015002870023
Author : Elinor Mason,Brad Hooker,Dale E. Miller
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0742509702
Exploring the relationship between consequentialist theory and moral rules, this book focuses mainly on rule consequentialism or on the distinction between act and rule versions of consequentialism.
Author : Bernard Gert
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Ethics
ISBN : 9780195122565
In this final revision of the classic work, the author has produced the fullest and most sophisticated account of this influential theoretical model. Here, he makes clear that morality is an informal system that does not provide unique answers to every moral question but does always limit the range of morally acceptable options, and so explains why some moral disagreements cannot be resolved. The importance placed on the moral ideals also makes clear that the moral rules are only one part of the moral system. A chapter that is devoted to justifying violations of the rules illustrates how the moral rules are embedded in the system and cannot be adequately understood independently of it. The chapter on reasons includes a new account of what makes one reason better than another and elucidates the complex hybrid nature of rationality.
Author : Bernard Gert
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1966
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:924168779
Author : Shaun Nichols
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192640192
Moral systems, like normative systems more broadly, involve complex mental representations. Rational Rules proposes that moral learning can be understood in terms of general-purpose rational learning procedures. Nichols argues that statistical learning can help answer a wide range of questions about moral thought: Why do people think that rules apply to actions rather than consequences? Why do people expect new rules to be focused on actions rather than consequences? How do people come to believe a principle of liberty, according to which whatever is not expressly prohibited is permitted? How do people decide that some normative claims hold universally while others hold only relative to some group? The resulting account has both empiricist and rationalist features: since the learning procedures are domain-general, the result is an empiricist theory of a key part of moral development, and since the learning procedures are forms of rational inference, the account entails that crucial parts of our moral system enjoy rational credentials. Moral rules can also be rational in the sense that they can be effective for achieving our ends, given our ecological settings. Rational Rules argues that at least some central components of our moral systems are indeed ecologically rational: they are good at helping us attain common goals. Nichols argues that the account might be extended to capture moral motivation as a special case of a much more general phenomenon of normative motivation. On this view, a basic form of rule representation brings motivation along automatically, and so part of the explanation for why we follow moral rules is that we are built to follow rules quite generally.
Author : Bernard Gert
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : History
ISBN : UCAL:B4244673
This volume is a revised, enlarged, and broadened version of Gert's classic 1970 book, The Moral Rules. Advocating an approach he terms "morality as impartial rationality," Gert here presents a full discussion of his moral theory, adding a wealth of new illuminating detail to his analysis of the concepts--rationality/irrationality, good/evil, and impartiality--by which he defines morality. He constructs a "moral system" that includes rules prohibiting the kinds of actions that cause evil, procedures for determining when violation of the rules is permitted, and ideals which encourage actions that prevent or relieve suffering. To be valid, Gert argues, any such system must be "a public system that applies to all rational persons." The book concludes with a discussion of medical ethics, demonstrating the link between moral theory and its application to real moral problems.
Author : Bernard Gert
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2004-08-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198038726
Distinguished philosopher Bernard Gert presents a clear and concise introduction to what he calls "common morality"--the moral system that most thoughtful people implicitly use when making everyday, common sense moral decisions and judgments. Common Morality is useful in that--while not resolving every disagreement on controversial issues--it is able to distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable answers to moral problems.
Author : Baruch A. Brody
Publisher : Prentice Hall
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : UOM:39015002744715
"Bibliographical essay": pages 179-181. Morality based upon categorical imperatives. On a supposed right to tell lies from benevolent motives, by I. Kant.--Utilitarian morality, by H. Sidgwick.--What makes right acts right? by Sir D. Ross.--Utilitarianism, universalisation, and our duty to be just, by J. Harrison.--Extreme and restricted utilitarianism, by J.J.C. Smart.--What if everyone did that? by C. Strang.--Toward a credible form of utilitarianism, by R.B. Brandt.
Author : Morgan Clarke,Emily Corran
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2021-07-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1526148900
This book provides a new, interdisciplinary perspective on the importance of detailed rules to many of the world's ethical traditions. A valuable theoretical introduction sets the agenda for a series of comparative studies, spanning pre-modern Hindu ethics, Classical Rome and Christian casuistry, contemporary Judaism and the Islamic sharia.
Author : Larry Alexander,Emily Sherwin
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2001-08-06
Category : Law
ISBN : 0822327368
Rules perform a moral function by restating moral principles in concrete terms, so as to reduce the uncertainty, error, and controversy that result when individuals follow their own unconstrained moral judgment. Although reason dictates that we must follow rules to avoid destructive error and controversy, rules—and hence laws—are imperfect, and reason also dictates that we ought not follow them when we believe they produce the wrong result in a particular case. In The Rule of Rules Larry Alexander and Emily Sherwin examine this dilemma. Once the importance of this moral and practical conflict is acknowledged, the authors argue, authoritative rules become the central problems of jurisprudence. The inevitable gap between rules and background morality cannot be bridged, they claim, although many contemporary jurisprudential schools of thought are misguided attempts to do so. Alexander and Sherwin work through this dilemma, which lies at the heart of such ongoing jurisprudential controversies as how judges should reason in deciding cases, what effect should be given to legal precedent, and what status, if any, should be accorded to “legal principles.” In the end, their rigorous discussion sheds light on such topics as the nature of interpretation, the ancient dispute among legal theorists over natural law versus positivism, the obligation to obey law, constitutionalism, and the relation between law and coercion. Those interested in jurisprudence, legal theory, and political philosophy will benefit from the edifying discussion in The Rule of Rules.
Author : Jeremy Bentham
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1823
Category : Crime
ISBN : OXFORD:300150518
Bentham's treatise on the foundations of law and government.
Author : Thomas E. Hill
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Ethics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105123321544
Author : John David Mabbott
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1954
Category : Ethics
ISBN : LCCN:a55001146
Author : Bartosz Wojciechowski,Piotr W. Juchacz,Karolina M. Cern
Publisher : Peter Lang Pub Incorporated
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 3631640080
The book tackles significant problems that each historian of law faces in the light of present decline of philosophical, ethical and ideological canons in the overall context of western civilization. The issues discussed in the book manifest themselves in the question whether the -democratic turn- is a real or just a virtue one. Democracy generally means governance by the people - but who are the people? What kind of governance by the people can be claimed as democratic - all of the various types that exist or only a single, chosen one? What - if any - is the normative issue of such a governance? Democracy, after all, is not a simple descriptive model of governance; it is deeply rooted in our preferences and hence normative patterns of conduct, which are not yet to be understood as the norm but rather as founding principles. Democracy is a thoroughly normative model. It is always as constructed and uttered in the picture of life at the same time."
Author : Thomas E. Hill Jr.,Thomas E. Hill
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2012-05-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199692002
Thomas E. Hill, Jr., interprets and extends Kant's moral theory in a series of essays that highlight its relevance to contemporary ethics. He introduces the major themes of Kantian ethics and explores its practical application to questions about revolution, prison reform, and forcible interventions in other countries for humanitarian purposes.