The Neuroethics Of Biomarkers

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The Neuroethics of Biomarkers

Matthew L. Baum
The Neuroethics of Biomarkers Book PDF

Author : Matthew L. Baum
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2016-02-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190236274

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The Neuroethics of Biomarkers by Matthew L. Baum Pdf

Neuroscientists are mining nucleic acids, blood, saliva, and brain images in hopes of uncovering biomarkers that could help estimate risk of brain disorders like psychosis and dementia; though the science of bioprediction is young, its prospects are unearthing controversy about how bioprediction should enter hospitals, courtrooms, or state houses. While medicine, law, and policy have established protocols for how presence of disorders should change what we owe each other or who we blame, they have no stock answers for the probabilities that bioprediction offers. The Neuroethics of Biomarkers observes, however, that for many disorders, what we really care about is not their presence per se, but certain risks that they carry. The current reliance of moral and legal structures on a categorical concept of disorder (sick verses well), therefore, obscures difficult questions about what types and magnitudes of probabilities matter. Baum argues that progress in the neuroethics of biomarkers requires the rejection of the binary concept of disorder in favor of a probabilistic one based on biological variation with risk of harm, which Baum names a "Probability Dysfunction." This risk-reorientation clarifies practical ethical issues surrounding the definition of mental disorder in the DSM-5 and the nosology of conditions defined by risk of psychosis and dementia. Baum also challenges the principle that the acceptability of bioprediction should depend primarily on whether it is medically useful by arguing that biomarkers can also be morally useful through enabling moral agency, better assessment of legal responsibility, and fairer distributive justice. The Neuroethics of Biomarkers should be of interest to those within neuroethics, medical ethics, and the philosophy of psychiatry.

Bioprediction, Biomarkers, and Bad Behavior

Ilina Singh,Walter P. Sinnott-Armstrong,Walter Sinnott-Armstrong,Julian Savulecu
Bioprediction Biomarkers and Bad Behavior Book PDF

Author : Ilina Singh,Walter P. Sinnott-Armstrong,Walter Sinnott-Armstrong,Julian Savulecu
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780199844180

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Bioprediction, Biomarkers, and Bad Behavior by Ilina Singh,Walter P. Sinnott-Armstrong,Walter Sinnott-Armstrong,Julian Savulecu Pdf

Many decisions in law and elsewhere depend on predictions of crimes and mental illnesses. Can biology make these predictions more accurate? Do we want our government to use biology in this way? These questions and more are discussed in this volume by prominent scientists, ethicists, and legal scholars.

Psychiatric Neuroethics

Walter Glannon
Psychiatric Neuroethics Book PDF

Author : Walter Glannon
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2019-01-10
Category : Neurosciences
ISBN : 9780198758853

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Psychiatric Neuroethics by Walter Glannon Pdf

Advances in psychiatric research and clinical psychiatry in the last 30 years have given rise to a host of new questions that lie at the intersection of psychiatry, neuroscience, philosophy and law. Such questions include: -Are psychiatric disorders diseases of the brain, caused by dysfunctional neural circuits and neurotransmitters? -What role do genes, neuro-endocrine, neuro-immune interactions and the environment play in the development of these disorders? -How do different explanations of the etiology and pathophysiology of mental illness influence diagnosis, prognosis and decisions about treatment? -Would it be rational for a person with a chronic treatment-resistant disorder to request euthanasia or assisted suicide to end their suffering? -Could psychiatric disorders be predicted and prevented? Psychiatric Neuroethics explores these questions in a comprehensive and systematic way, discussing the medical and philosophical implications of neuroscience and the Research Domain Criteria (RDoc) in the fields of psychiatry and mental health. It examines the extent to which circuit-based criteria can offer a satisfactory explanation of psychiatric disorders and how they compare with the symptom-based criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMV). This book will be of interest to a multidisciplinary audience, including psychiatrists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, philosophers, psychologists and legal theorists.

Forget Me Not: The Neuroethical Case Against Memory Manipulation

Peter A. DePergola II
Forget Me Not The Neuroethical Case Against Memory Manipulation Book PDF

Author : Peter A. DePergola II
Publisher : Vernon Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-05-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781622734283

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Forget Me Not: The Neuroethical Case Against Memory Manipulation by Peter A. DePergola II Pdf

The first philosophical monograph on the ethics of memory manipulation (MM), "Forget Me Not: The Neuroethical Case Against Memory Manipulation" contends that any attempt to directly and intentionally erase episodic memories poses a grave threat to the human condition that cannot be justified within a normative moral calculus. Grounding its thesis in four evidential effects – namely, (i) MM disintegrates autobiographical memory, (ii) the disintegration of autobiographical memory degenerates emotional rationality, (iii) the degeneration of emotional rationality decays narrative identity, and (iv) the decay of narrative identity disables one to seek, identify, and act on the good – DePergola argues that MM cannot be justified as a morally licit practice insofar as it disables one to seek, identify, and act on the good. A landmark achievement in the field of neuroethics, this book is a welcome addition to both the scholarly and professional community in philosophical and clinical bioethics.

Neuroethics and Neurodevelopment

Anonim
Neuroethics and Neurodevelopment Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323993937

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Neuroethics and Neurodevelopment by Anonim Pdf

This volume focuses on topics at the intersection between neuroethics and neurodevelopment, and brings together the perspectives of experts in both clinical assessment and intervention, and researchers in child psychology, neurosciences, medicine, health policy, law, and social work. The goal is to review emerging issues related to the ethical ramifications of how variation in human neurodevelopment is described, and the effects of these descriptions on those with lived experience, clinical and intervention services, and health and social policy. Related topics are also explored including the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic, the ethics of invasive neurotechnology interventions, biomarkers, machine learning, precision medicine. Provides novel and original research on the emerging field of the legal regulation of neuroscience Takes an interdisciplinary approach, with chapters by global scholars from several disciplines, including law, philosophy and medicine Develops a global approach that will be useful in jurisdictions around the globe

Living with Dementia

Veljko Dubljević,Frances Bottenberg
Living with Dementia Book PDF

Author : Veljko Dubljević,Frances Bottenberg
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021-01-22
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030620738

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Living with Dementia by Veljko Dubljević,Frances Bottenberg Pdf

This book addresses current issues in the neuroscience and ethics of dementia care, including philosophical as well as ethical legal, and social issues (ELSIs), issues in clinical, institutional, and private care-giving, and international perspectives on dementia and care innovations. As such, it is a must-read for anyone interested in a well-researched, thought-provoking overview of current issues in dementia diagnosis, care, and social and legal policy. All contributions reflect the latest neuroscientific research on dementia, either broadly construed or in terms of the etiologies and symptoms of particular forms of dementia. Given its interdisciplinary and international scope, its depth of research, and its qualitative emphasis, the book represents a valuable addition to the available literature on neuroethics, gerontology, and neuroscientific memory research.

Finding Consciousness

Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Finding Consciousness Book PDF

Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-01-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190280321

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Finding Consciousness by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong Pdf

Modern medicine enables us to keep many people alive after they have suffered severe brain damage and show no reliable outward signs of consciousness. Many such patients are misdiagnosed as being in a permanent vegetative state when they are actually in a minimally conscious state. This mistake has far-reaching implications for treatment and prognosis. To alleviate this problem, neuroscientists have recently developed new brain-scanning methods to detect consciousness in some of these patients and even to ask them questions, including "Do you want to stay alive?" Finding Consciousness: The Neuroscience, Ethics, and Law of Severe Brain Damage addresses many questions regarding these recent neuroscientific methods: Is what these methods detect really consciousness? Do patients feel pain? Should we decide whether or not to let them die or are they competent to decide for themselves? And which kinds of treatment should governments and hospitals make available? This edited volume provides contextual information, surveys the issues and positions, and takes controversial stands from a wide variety of prominent contributors in fields ranging from neuroscience and neurology to law and policy to philosophy and ethics. Finding Consciousness should interest not only neuroscientists, clinicians, and ethicists but anyone who might suffer brain damage, which includes us all.

Medical Research Ethics: Challenges in the 21st Century

Tomas Zima,David N. Weisstub
Medical Research Ethics Challenges in the 21st Century Book PDF

Author : Tomas Zima,David N. Weisstub
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2023-01-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783031126925

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Medical Research Ethics: Challenges in the 21st Century by Tomas Zima,David N. Weisstub Pdf

This book provides a current review of Medical Research Ethics on a global basis. The book contains chapters that are historically and philosophically reflective and aimed to promote a discussion about controversial and foundational aspects in the field. An elaborate group of chapters concentrates on key areas of medical research where there are core ethical issues that arise both in theory and practice: genetics, neuroscience, surgery, palliative care, diagnostics, risk and prediction, security, pandemic threats, finances, technology, and public policy.This book is suitable for use from the most basic introductory courses to the highest levels of expertise in multidisciplinary contexts. The insights and research by this group of top scholars in the field of bioethics is an indispensable read for medical students in bioethics seminars and courses as well as for philosophy of bioethics classes in departments of philosophy, nursing faculties, law schools where bioethics is linked to medical law, experts in comparative law and public health, international human rights, and is equally useful for policy planning in pharmaceutical companies.

Neurointerventions and the Law

Nicole A. Vincent,Thomas Nadelhoffer,Allan McCay
Neurointerventions and the Law Book PDF

Author : Nicole A. Vincent,Thomas Nadelhoffer,Allan McCay
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 465 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Criminal psychology
ISBN : 9780190651145

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Neurointerventions and the Law by Nicole A. Vincent,Thomas Nadelhoffer,Allan McCay Pdf

"The development of modern diagnostic neuroimaging techniques led to discoveries about the human brain and mind that helped give rise to the field of neurolaw. This new interdisciplinary field has led to novel directions in analytic jurisprudence and philosophy of law by providing an empirically-informed platform from which scholars have reassessed topics such as mental privacy and self-determination, responsibility and its relationship to mental disorders, and the proper aims of the criminal law. Similarly, the development of neurointervention techniques that promise to deliver new ways of altering people's minds (by intervening in their brains) creates opportunities and challenges that raise important and rich conceptual, moral, jurisprudential, and scientific questions. The specific purpose of this volume is to make a contribution to the field of neurolaw by investigating the legal issues raised by the development and use of neurointerventions (actual, proposed, and potential)"--

Law and Neuroscience

Owen D. Jones,Jeffrey D. Schall,Francis X. Shen
Law and Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : Owen D. Jones,Jeffrey D. Schall,Francis X. Shen
Publisher : Aspen Publishing
Page : 1004 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2022-10-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781543823318

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Law and Neuroscience by Owen D. Jones,Jeffrey D. Schall,Francis X. Shen Pdf

The implications for law of new neuroscientific techniques and findings are now among the hottest topics in legal, academic, and media venues. Law and Neuroscience—a collaboration of professors in law, neuroscience, and biology—is the first and still only coursebook to chart this new territory, providing the world’s most comprehensive collection of neurolaw materials. This text will be of interest to many professors teaching Criminal Law and Torts courses, who would like to incorporate the most current thinking on how biology intersects with the law. New to the Second Edition: Extensively revised chapters, updated with new findings and materials. New chapter on Aging Brains Hundreds of new references and citations to recent developments. Over 600 new references and citations to recent developments, with 260 new readings, including 27 new case selections Highly current material; 45% of cases and publications in the Second Edition were published since the first edition in 2014 Professors and students will benefit from: Technical subjects explained in an accessible manner Extensive glossary of key terms Photos and illustrations enliven the text Professors of any background can teach this course

Manual of Screeners for Dementia

A. J. Larner
Manual of Screeners for Dementia Book PDF

Author : A. J. Larner
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2020-04-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030416362

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Manual of Screeners for Dementia by A. J. Larner Pdf

This book draws on the author’s experience in conducting pragmatic test accuracy studies on screening instruments for dementia/mild cognitive impairment. To facilitate comprehension and assimilation, all data is presented in an easily accessible, succinct and user-friendly way by means of a structured tabular format that allows tests to be easily compared. The pragmatic design of studies ensures high external validity and generalizability for the test results. The book includes a wealth of data on previously presented studies, as well as hitherto unreported test measures (“Number needed” metrics). It presents recently described and new diagnostic metrics (Likelihood to be diagnosed or misdiagnosed; Summary utility index; Number needed for screening utility); data from new studies on screeners (Attended with sign; Free-Cog; Two question depression screener; Jenkins Sleep Questionnaire; Triple test); and previously unpublished data (combination of SMC Likert and MACE; IADL Scale and MMSE). Given its scope, the book will be of interest to all professionals, beginners and seasoned experts alike, whose work involves the assessment of individuals with cognitive (memory) complaints.

Towards Neurobioethics

Darlei Dall’Agnol
Towards Neurobioethics Book PDF

Author : Darlei Dall’Agnol
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2020-09-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9781527559059

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Towards Neurobioethics by Darlei Dall’Agnol Pdf

From time to time, a particular science achieves such great success that people are tempted to elevate it to the condition of prima philosophia and then to try to explain everything else from its perspective. Thus, physics becomes physicalism, history becomes historicism, and so on. Nowadays, the big science is the investigation of the nervous system, particularly the brain. The new paradigm is, then, given by neuroscience and everything else seems to require its prefix: neuroeconomy, neuroeducation, neurolaw, neurotechnology, neuroethics, and neuropolitics, among others. However, what does it really mean to use “neuro” as a prefix to a word as it appears in the title of this book? To answer this question, this work develops a metaethical theory, namely practical cognitivism and the new normative concept of caring respect, in order to examine the ethics of neuroscientific investigations and their associated neurotechologies, including, for example, the moral problems of cognitive enhancement using nootropics.

The 2x2 Matrix

A.J. Larner
The 2x2 Matrix Book PDF

Author : A.J. Larner
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2022-01-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030749200

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The 2x2 Matrix by A.J. Larner Pdf

This book presents and discusses the numerous measures of test performance that can be derived from 2x2 tables. Worked examples based on pragmatic test accuracy study data are used in chapters to illustrate relevance to day-to-day clinical practice. Readers will gain a good understanding of sensitivity and specificity and predictive values along with many other parameters. The contents are highly structured and the use of worked examples facilitates understanding and interpretation. This book is a resource for clinicians in any discipline who are involved in the performance or assessment of test accuracy studies, and professionals in the disciplines of machine learning or informatics wishing to gain insight into clinical applications of 2x2 tables.

Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies in Dementia

A. J. Larner
Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies in Dementia Book PDF

Author : A. J. Larner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2019-07-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030175627

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Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies in Dementia by A. J. Larner Pdf

The new and updated edition of this book explains the key steps in planning and executing diagnostic test accuracy studies in dementia, serving as an introduction to the topic with clear explanations of difficulties and pitfalls. It has been fully revised in light of developments over the past 5 years and includes STARD publications which have appeared since the first edition as well as the use of biomarkers of cognitive disorders as increasingly enshrined in diagnostic criteria. The book covers the presentation of study results in terms of measures of discrimination, taking examples from studies in dementia looking at various diagnostic methods including cognitive instruments, neuroimaging, and biochemical studies. The book continues to reflect the author’s own experience in diagnostic test accuracy studies, particularly in the sphere of cognitive screening instruments.. Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies in Dementia encourages clinicians to adopt a pragmatic approach to diagnostic test accuracy studies rooted in day-to-day clinical practice.

Diagnosis of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment

Andrew J. Larner
Diagnosis of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Book PDF

Author : Andrew J. Larner
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2019-12-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783039218844

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Diagnosis of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment by Andrew J. Larner Pdf

In this special issue of Diagnostics, expert contributors have produced up-to-date research studies and reviews on various topics related to the diagnosis of dementia and cognitive impairment. The methods of the assessments discussed extend from simple neurological signs, which may be elicited in the clinical encounter, through cognitive screening instruments, to sophisticated analyses of neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of disease. It is hoped that these various methods may facilitate earlier diagnosis of dementia and its subtypes, and provide differential diagnosis of depression and functional cognitive disorders, as a prelude to meaningful interventions.