Medical Research Ethics Challenges In The 21st Century

Author : Tomas Zima,David N. Weisstub
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2023-01-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783031126925

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Medical Research Ethics: Challenges in the 21st Century by Tomas Zima,David N. Weisstub Pdf

This book provides a current review of Medical Research Ethics on a global basis. The book contains chapters that are historically and philosophically reflective and aimed to promote a discussion about controversial and foundational aspects in the field. An elaborate group of chapters concentrates on key areas of medical research where there are core ethical issues that arise both in theory and practice: genetics, neuroscience, surgery, palliative care, diagnostics, risk and prediction, security, pandemic threats, finances, technology, and public policy.This book is suitable for use from the most basic introductory courses to the highest levels of expertise in multidisciplinary contexts. The insights and research by this group of top scholars in the field of bioethics is an indispensable read for medical students in bioethics seminars and courses as well as for philosophy of bioethics classes in departments of philosophy, nursing faculties, law schools where bioethics is linked to medical law, experts in comparative law and public health, international human rights, and is equally useful for policy planning in pharmaceutical companies.

Author : Marcella C. Cole
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
ISBN : 1536121487

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Bio and Research Ethics: by Marcella C. Cole Pdf

Author : Ronald M. Green,Aine Donovan,Steven A. Jauss
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2008-11-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191563027

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Global Bioethics by Ronald M. Green,Aine Donovan,Steven A. Jauss Pdf

Medical care and biomedical research are rapidly becoming global. Ethical questions that once arose only in the narrow context of the physician-patient relationship in relatively prosperous societies are now being raised across societies, cultures, and continents. For example, what should be the "standard of care" for clinical trials of medical innovations in poorer countries? Are researchers obligated to compare new therapies or drugs with the best known ones available, or can they use as a benchmark the actual treatments (or lack of treatments) available to poor people? Should pharmaceutical companies seeking to lower the costs of new drug trials be allowed to enrol citizens of less developed countries in them even when those individuals cannot afford and will not be eligible for the resulting drugs? More generally, should the norms of medicine and research be the same across cultures or can they adapt to local social, economic, or religious conditions? Global Bioethics gathers some of the world's leading bioethicists to explore many of the new questions raised by the globalization of medical care and biomedical research. Among the topics covered are the impact of globalization on the norms of medical ethics, the conduct of international research, the ethics of international collaborations, challenges to medical professionalism in the international setting, and the relation of religion to global bioethics.

Author : Abraham Rudnick
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2011-11-25
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789533072708

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Bioethics in the 21st Century by Abraham Rudnick Pdf

Bioethics is primarily an applied ethics of health related issues. It is considered an important guide for health care and its discourses and practices. Health related technology, such as information technology, is changing rapidly. Bioethics should arguably address such change as well as continue to address more established areas of health care and emerging areas of social concern such as climate change and its relation to health. This book illustrates the range of bioethics in the 21st century. The book is intentionally not comprehensive but rather illustrative of established, emerging and speculative bioethics, such as ethics of mental health care, ethics of nano-technology in health care, and ethics of cryogenics, respectively. Hopefully the book will motivate readers to reflect on health care as a work in progress that requires continuous ethical deliberation and guidance.

Author : Marcella C. Cole
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Bioethics
ISBN : 1536121215

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Bio and Research Ethics by Marcella C. Cole Pdf

As a scientific, materialist worldview becomes increasingly difficult to repudiate, and as philosophers increasingly uncover and articulate the conceptual nature of morality and distinctively moral normativity, the threat of moral anti-realism becomes more and more real. This perspective is argued in Chapter One. Chapter Two discusses how laws and bioethical trends that pertain to the clinical management of patients in a vegetative coma differ from country to country and continue to give rise to unresolved legal debates and scientific controversy. Chapter Three covers how caregivers in palliative care must be supported to better understand patients hopes and needs, making them comfortable to decide when or how much they want to eat. Chapter Four synthesises findings from four empirical studies conducted in Western Africa (Togo) on topics related to the autonomy (end of life decision-making among terminally-ill patients), benevolence and non-malevolence (breaking bad news to elderly patients and their families), and justice (informal payments to physicians, criminal prosecution in cases of HIV transmission) principles of bioethics. Finally, Chapter Five argues that expert members in Ethics committees have an unfair upper-hand, with their decisions trumping other debates in committee deliberations. Qualitative research is brought to bear which illustrates this and which also notes how expertise dilutes the training given to newly appointed ethics committee members.

Author : Bernard Lo
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2012-03-28
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781451152777

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Ethical Issues in Clinical Research by Bernard Lo Pdf

This book teaches researchers how to resolve the ethical dilemmas that can arise at any stage in clinical research. In addition to explaining pertinent regulations and laws, Dr. Lo helps investigators understand the gaps and uncertainties in regulations, as well as situations in which merely complying with the law may not fulfill ethical responsibilities. Most chapters include real-life examples that the author walks through, discussing the salient issues and how to approach them. This book can be used in courses on research ethics that are required or encouraged by major National Institutes of Health grants in academic health centers.

Author : Harold Y. Vanderpool
Publisher : University Publishing Group.
Page : 552 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Human experimentation in medicine
ISBN : UOM:49015002453836

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The Ethics of Research Involving Human Subjects by Harold Y. Vanderpool Pdf

Author : Patricia A. Marshall,Patricia Loomis Marshall
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 89 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241563383

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Ethical Challenges in Study Design and Informed Consent for Health Research in Resource-poor Settings by Patricia A. Marshall,Patricia Loomis Marshall Pdf

This review considers ethical challenges to research design and informed consent in biomedical and behavioral studies conducted in resource-poor settings. A review of the literature explores relevant social, cultural, and ethical issues in the conduct of biomedical and social health research in developing countries. Ten case vignettes illustrate ethical challenges that arise in international research with culturally diverse populations. Recommendations for researchers and policy-makers concerned about ethical practices in multinational studies conducted in resource-poor settings are also listed.

Author : Franklin G. Miller
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-06-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780199896219

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The Ethical Challenges of Human Research by Franklin G. Miller Pdf

The use of human beings as research subjects poses distinctive ethical issues. Subjects of medical research are exposed to risks of harm for the sake of generating scientific knowledge that can benefit future patients and society. Ethical analysis of the challenges posed by research involving human subjects requires careful attention to the contextual details of scientific experimentation. This book contains 22 essays by Franklin G. Miller on research ethics written over a 15-year period. With the exception of the first essay, all have been previously published in bioethics and medical journals. The book is arranged into four parts. Part One addresses a general ethical perspective on the protection of human subjects in clinical research, including paternalism in research regulation and acceptable limits to research risks. The essays in Part Two examine ethical issues in study design. It includes ethical analyses of controversial types of medical experimentation-studies that provoke psychiatric symptoms, induce infections, provide patients with placebos that withhold proven effective treatments or administer fake invasive procedures, test experimental treatments in cancer patients who have exhausted all standard treatment options, and employ the use of deception to generate scientifically valid data. Part Three offers a systematic critique of "the therapeutic orientation" to clinical trials and the principle of clinical equipoise, which is widely regarded as a fundamental norm for randomized treatment studies. Part Four takes up a range of ethical issues relating to informed consent for research participation, including examination of "the therapeutic misconception" and presentation of a novel approach to the validity of consent: "the fair transaction model." An abiding theme, developed in many of the essays is that the ethics of clinical research is importantly different from the ethics of medical care.

Author : Daniel Strech,Marcel Mertz
Publisher : Springer
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2016-05-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319287317

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Ethics and Governance of Biomedical Research by Daniel Strech,Marcel Mertz Pdf

In this book, scholars with different disciplinary and national backgrounds argue for possible answers and analyse case studies on current issues of governance in biomedical research. These issues comprise among others the research-care distinction, risk evaluation in early human trials, handling of incidental findings, nocebo effects, cluster randomized trials, publication bias, or consent in biobank research. This book demonstrates how new technologies and research possibilities multiply or intensify already known governance challenges, leaving room for ethical analysis and complex moral choices. Clinical researchers, research ethics committee members and research ethicists have all to deal with such challenges on a daily basis. While general reflection on core concepts of research ethics is seldom pointless, those confronted with hard moral choices do need more practical and contextualized reflection on the said issues. This book particularly provides such contextualized reflections and aims to inform all those who study, conduct, regulate, fund, or participate in biomedical research.

Author : Ana Smith Iltis
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2006-01-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781135991494

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Research Ethics by Ana Smith Iltis Pdf

Medicine in the twenty-first century is increasingly reliant on research to guarantee the safety and efficacy of medical interventions. As a result, the need to understand the ethical issues that research generates is becoming essential. This volume introduces the principal areas of concern in research on human subjects, offering a framework for understanding research ethics, and the relationship between ethics and compliance. Research Ethics brings together leading scholars in bioethics and the topics covered include the unique concerns that arise in specific areas of research such as gene therapy and stem cell research. Individual chapters also address the ethical issues that occur when conducting research with specific populations such as infants or adolescents, and the volume looks at important emerging questions in human subjects research, namely financial conflicts of interest and the interpretation of scientific data.

Author : Robert J. Levine
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1988-01-01
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 0300042884

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Ethics and Regulation of Clinical Research by Robert J. Levine Pdf

The use of human subjects in medical and scientific research has given rise to troubling ethical questions. How should human subjects be selected for experiments? What should they be told about the research in which they are involved? How can their privacy be protected? When is it permissible to deceive them? How do we deal with subjects such as children, fetuses, and the mentally infirm, for whom informed consent is impossible? In this book, Dr. Robert J. Levine reviews federal regulations, ethical analysis, and case studies in an attempt to answer these questions. His book is an essential reference for everyone--members of institutional review boards, scientists, philosophers, lawyers--addressing the ethical issues involved. "[Levine's] experience as a clinician, IRB chairman, writer and editor of a journal devoted exclusively to issues faced by IRBS makes him uniquely qualified to bring together the legal, ethical, and practical dimensions. . . [The book] is sophisticated but readable. . . [and] should be on every IRB administrator's desk and in every medical ethics library."--Norman Fost, M.D., The New England Journal of Medicine "Levine. . . is one of the foremost historians of contemporary clinical science. . . . His book is at once a guide to primary sources for the history of clinical research in the late twentieth century and a pioneering secondary source about that history."--Daniel M. Fox, Bulletin of the History of Medicine "You will be charmed by the [book's] elegance and lucidity and. . . persuaded of its relevance to doctors in any country."--Alex Paton, British Medical Journal "Should be of wide interest to those keen to see advances in medical research brought into general medical practice."--Gilbert Omenn, Issues in Science and Technology

Author : Tony Long,Martin Johnson
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2007-03-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780443100659

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Research Ethics in the Real World by Tony Long,Martin Johnson Pdf

This title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States. It departs from the usual principles-based approach and instead takes a predominantly consequentialist (harms and benefits) approach. It aims to be free of abstract philosophy, but will use the analysis of cases and a reasoned approach to examine alternative arguments. Whilst the book deals with issues in some depth it uses plain language and many clear examples of good and less good practice to illustrate points. It is at a level useful to both beginning and more experienced researchers. Real world approach Covers research governance from an international perspective Practical guidance on ethical committee procedures Direct examples of good and less good practice Clear, outcomes-based approach

Author : D.N. Weisstub
Publisher : Pergamon
Page : 692 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1998-10-23
Category : Law
ISBN : UOM:39015048762200

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Research on Human Subjects by D.N. Weisstub Pdf

There have been serious controversies in the latter part of the 20th century about the roles and functions of scientific and medical research. In whose interests are medical and biomedical experiments conducted and what are the ethical implications of experimentation on subjects unable to give competent consent? From the decades following the Second World War and calls for the global banning of medical research to the cautious return to the notion that in controlled circumstances, medical research on human subjects is in the best interest of the given individual and the broader population, this book addresses the key implications of experimentation on humans. This volume covers major ethical themes within biomedical research providing historical, philosophical, legal and policy reflections on the literature and specific issues in the field of research on human subjects. Focusing on special populations (the elderly, children, prisoners and the cognitively impaired) it represents the most up-to-date review of the special ethical and legal conflicts that arise with relation to experimentation on subjects from these groups. In the light of current initiatives for law reform pertaining to research ethics the world over, this volume provides a timely, comprehensive and provocative exploration of the field. The volume has been carefully organized to present important philosophical perspectives on organizing principles that should underlie any practical application. A forward-looking historical review of the regulatory regimes of principal jurisdictions, including of the legal controls already in place, provides the backdrop for future policy initiatives. Additionally, in the light of global restructuring of health care systems, several chapters have been devoted to epidemiological research and related issues.

Author : Jenna Pope
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Hospital care
ISBN : 163482136X

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Patient Rights by Jenna Pope Pdf

In the past 50 years, ethical concerns concerning human experimentation have arisen with the advancement of new medical research and technology. While the benefits of human experimentation are well known in the fields of biology, psychology, sociology, and medicine, the conditions of human subject research have been persistently controversial. This book discusses ethical perspectives, emerging developments and global challenged of patient rights. Topics include effective medical informed consent; rights to health and dental care; the ethics of HIV screening targeted to the seriously mentally ill; and problems in ethics for medical publication.