The Order Of Genocide

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The Order of Genocide

Scott Straus
The Order of Genocide Book PDF

Author : Scott Straus
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-01-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9780801467158

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The Order of Genocide by Scott Straus Pdf

The Rwandan genocide has become a touchstone for debates about the causes of mass violence and the responsibilities of the international community. Yet a number of key questions about this tragedy remain unanswered: How did the violence spread from community to community and so rapidly engulf the nation? Why did individuals make decisions that led them to take up machetes against their neighbors? And what was the logic that drove the campaign of extermination? According to Scott Straus, a social scientist and former journalist in East Africa for several years (who received a Pulitzer Prize nomination for his reporting for the Houston Chronicle), many of the widely held beliefs about the causes and course of genocide in Rwanda are incomplete. They focus largely on the actions of the ruling elite or the inaction of the international community. Considerably less is known about how and why elite decisions became widespread exterminatory violence. Challenging the prevailing wisdom, Straus provides substantial new evidence about local patterns of violence, using original research-including the most comprehensive surveys yet undertaken among convicted perpetrators-to assess competing theories about the causes and dynamics of the genocide. Current interpretations stress three main causes for the genocide: ethnic identity, ideology, and mass-media indoctrination (in particular the influence of hate radio). Straus's research does not deny the importance of ethnicity, but he finds that it operated more as a background condition. Instead, Straus emphasizes fear and intra-ethnic intimidation as the primary drivers of the violence. A defensive civil war and the assassination of a president created a feeling of acute insecurity. Rwanda's unusually effective state was also central, as was the country's geography and population density, which limited the number of exit options for both victims and perpetrators. In conclusion, Straus steps back from the particulars of the Rwandan genocide to offer a new, dynamic model for understanding other instances of genocide in recent history-the Holocaust, Armenia, Cambodia, the Balkans-and assessing the future likelihood of such events.

Intent to Deceive

Linda Melvern
Intent to Deceive Book PDF

Author : Linda Melvern
Publisher : Verso Books
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2020-02-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781788733304

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Intent to Deceive by Linda Melvern Pdf

It is twenty-five years since the 1994 genocide of the Tutsi of Rwanda when in the course of three terrible months more than 1 million people were murdered. In the intervening years a pernicious campaign has been waged by the perpetrators to deny this crime, with attempts to falsify history and blame the victims for their fate. Facts are reversed, fake news promulgated, and phoney science given credence. Intent to Deceive tells the story of this campaign of genocide denial from its origins with those who planned the massacres. With unprecedented access to government archives including in Rwanda Linda Melvern explains how, from the moment the killers seized the power of the state, they determined to distort reality of events. Disinformation was an integral part of their genocidal conspiracy. The gnocidaires and their supporters continue to peddle falsehoods. These masters of deceit have found new and receptive audiences, have fooled gullible journalists and unwary academics. With their seemingly sound research methods, the Rwandan gnocidaires continue to pose a threat, especially to those who might not be aware of the true nature of their crime. The book is a testament to the survivors who still live the horrors of the past. Denial causes them the gravest offence and ensures that the crime continues. This is a call for justice that remains perpetually delayed.

Making and Unmaking Nations

Scott Straus
Making and Unmaking Nations Book PDF

Author : Scott Straus
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2015-03-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780801455674

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Making and Unmaking Nations by Scott Straus Pdf

Winner of the Grawmeyer Award for Ideas Improving World Order, 2018 Winner of the Joseph Lepgold Prize Winner of the Best Books in Conflict Studies (APSA) Winner of the Best Book in Human Rights (ISA) In Making and Unmaking Nations, Scott Straus seeks to explain why and how genocide takes place—and, perhaps more important, how it has been avoided in places where it may have seemed likely or even inevitable. To solve that puzzle, he examines postcolonial Africa, analyzing countries in which genocide occurred and where it could have but did not. Why have there not been other Rwandas? Straus finds that deep-rooted ideologies—how leaders make their nations—shape strategies of violence and are central to what leads to or away from genocide. Other critical factors include the dynamics of war, the role of restraint, and the interaction between national and local actors in the staging of campaigns of large-scale violence. Grounded in Straus's extensive fieldwork in contemporary Africa, the study of major twentieth-century cases of genocide, and the literature on genocide and political violence, Making and Unmaking Nations centers on cogent analyses of three nongenocide cases (Côte d'Ivoire, Mali, and Senegal) and two in which genocide took place (Rwanda and Sudan). Straus's empirical analysis is based in part on an original database of presidential speeches from 1960 to 2005. The book also includes a broad-gauge analysis of all major cases of large-scale violence in Africa since decolonization. Straus's insights into the causes of genocide will inform the study of political violence as well as giving policymakers and nongovernmental organizations valuable tools for the future.

From War to Genocide

André Guichaoua
From War to Genocide Book PDF

Author : André Guichaoua
Publisher : University of Wisconsin Pres
Page : 479 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780299298203

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From War to Genocide by André Guichaoua Pdf

A definitive account and analysis of the evolving genocidal violence in Rwanda in 1994, and of the judicial, political, and diplomatic responses to it.

Barbaric Civilization

Christopher Powell
Barbaric Civilization Book PDF

Author : Christopher Powell
Publisher : McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780773585560

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Barbaric Civilization by Christopher Powell Pdf

From its beginnings in the early twelfth century, the Western civilizing process has involved two interconnected transformations: the monopolization of military force by sovereign states and the cultivation in individuals of habits and dispositions of the kind that we call "civilized." The combined forward movement of these processes channels violent struggles for social dominance into symbolic performances. But even as the civilizing process frees many subjects from the threat of direct physical force, violence accumulates behind the scenes and at the margins of the social order, kept there by a deeply habituated performance of dominance and subordination called deferentiation. When deferentiation fails, difference becomes dangerous and genocide becomes possible. Connecting historical developments with everyday life occurrences, and discussing examples ranging from thirteenth-century Languedoc to 1994 Rwanda, Powell offers an original framework for analyzing, comparing, and discussing genocides as variable outcomes of a common underlying social system, raising unsettling questions about the contradictions of Western civilization and the possibility of a world without genocide.

The Rwanda Crisis

Gérard Prunier
The Rwanda Crisis Book PDF

Author : Gérard Prunier
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : History
ISBN : 0231104081

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The Rwanda Crisis by Gérard Prunier Pdf

He shows how Western colonialists helped to construct a Tutsi identity as a superior racial type because of their distinctly "non-Negro" features in order to facilitate greater control over the Rwandese.

Remaking Rwanda

Scott Straus,Lars Waldorf
Remaking Rwanda Book PDF

Author : Scott Straus,Lars Waldorf
Publisher : Univ of Wisconsin Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2011-04-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9780299282639

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Remaking Rwanda by Scott Straus,Lars Waldorf Pdf

In the mid-1990s, civil war and genocide ravaged Rwanda. Since then, the country’s new leadership has undertaken a highly ambitious effort to refashion Rwanda’s politics, economy, and society, and the country’s accomplishments have garnered widespread praise. Remaking Rwanda is the first book to examine Rwanda’s remarkable post-genocide recovery in a comprehensive and critical fashion. By paying close attention to memory politics, human rights, justice, foreign relations, land use, education, and other key social institutions and practices, this volume raises serious concerns about the depth and durability of the country’s reconstruction. Edited by Scott Straus and Lars Waldorf, Remaking Rwanda brings together experienced scholars and human rights professionals to offer a nuanced, historically informed picture of post-genocide Rwanda—one that reveals powerful continuities with the nation’s past and raises profound questions about its future. Best Special Interest Books, selected by the American Association of School Librarians Best Special Interest Books, selected by the Public Library Reviewers

Gender and the Genocide in Rwanda

Sara E. Brown
Gender and the Genocide in Rwanda Book PDF

Author : Sara E. Brown
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2017-08-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351699761

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Gender and the Genocide in Rwanda by Sara E. Brown Pdf

This book examines the mobilization, role, and trajectory of women rescuers and perpetrators during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. While much has been written about the victimization of women during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, very little has been said about women who rescued targeted victims or perpetrated crimes against humanity. This book explores and analyzes the role played by women who exercised agency as rescuers and as perpetrators during the genocide in Rwanda. As women, they took actions and decisions within the context of a deeply entrenched patriarchal system that limited their choices. This work examines two diverging paths of women’s agency during this period: to rescue from genocide or to perpetrate genocide. It seeks to answer three questions: First, how were certain Rwandan women mobilized to participate in genocide, and by whom? Second, what were the specific actions of women during this period of violence and upheaval? Finally, what were the trajectories of women rescuers and perpetrators after the genocide? Comparing and contrasting how women rescuers and perpetrators were mobilized, the actions they undertook, and their post-genocide trajectories, and concluding with a broader discussion of the long-term impact of ignoring these women, this book develops a more nuanced and holistic view of women’s agency and the genocide in Rwanda. This book will be of much interest to students of gender studies, genocide studies, African politics and critical security studies. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.routledge.com/Gender-and-the-Genocide-in-Rwanda-Women-as-Rescuers-and-Perpetrators/Brown/p/book/9780367188092, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Novels of Genocide

Olivier Nyirubugara
Novels of Genocide Book PDF

Author : Olivier Nyirubugara
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Collective memory
ISBN : 9088904324

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Novels of Genocide by Olivier Nyirubugara Pdf

This book deals with the genocide in Rwanda by analysing 10 Rwandan-authored novels that reveal a lot about memory processes in post-genocide Rwanda. The author argues that the freedom the novelists enjoy to create their own Rwanda enable them to explore the most controversial aspects of the relationships amongst the Hutu and the Tutsi.

"Leave None to Tell the Story"

Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges,Human Rights Watch (Organization)
Leave None to Tell the Story Book PDF

Author : Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges,Human Rights Watch (Organization)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 888 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UOM:39015043096984

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"Leave None to Tell the Story" by Alison Liebhafsky Des Forges,Human Rights Watch (Organization) Pdf

*** Law and Order

Killing Neighbors

Lee Ann Fujii
Killing Neighbors Book PDF

Author : Lee Ann Fujii
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2011-07-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780801457371

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Killing Neighbors by Lee Ann Fujii Pdf

In the horrific events of the mid-1990s in Rwanda, tens of thousands of Hutu killed their Tutsi friends, neighbors, even family members. That ghastly violence has overshadowed a fact almost as noteworthy: that hundreds of thousands of Hutu killed no one. In a transformative revisiting of the motives behind and specific contexts surrounding the Rwandan genocide, Lee Ann Fujii focuses on individual actions rather than sweeping categories. Fujii argues that ethnic hatred and fear do not satisfactorily explain the mobilization of Rwandans one against another. Fujii's extensive interviews in Rwandan prisons and two rural communities form the basis for her claim that mass participation in the genocide was not the result of ethnic antagonisms. Rather, the social context of action was critical. Strong group dynamics and established local ties shaped patterns of recruitment for and participation in the genocide. This web of social interactions bound people to power holders and killing groups. People joined and continued to participate in the genocide over time, Fujii shows, because killing in large groups conferred identity on those who acted destructively. The perpetrators of the genocide produced new groups centered on destroying prior bonds by killing kith and kin.

Conspiracy to Murder

Linda Melvern
Conspiracy to Murder Book PDF

Author : Linda Melvern
Publisher : Verso Books
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-05-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781789602159

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Conspiracy to Murder by Linda Melvern Pdf

Conspiracy to Murder is a gripping account of the Rwandan genocide, one of the most appalling events of the twentieth century. Linda Melvern's damning indictment of almost all the key figures and institutions involved amounts to a catalogue of failures that only serves to sharpen the horror of a tragedy that could have been avoided.

Intimate Enemy

Scott Straus
Intimate Enemy Book PDF

Author : Scott Straus
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2006-03-17
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015063245065

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Intimate Enemy by Scott Straus Pdf

Testimony and photographs from the Rwandan genocide, providing a rare look at both perpetrators and survivors.

An Act of Genocide

Karen Stote
An Act of Genocide Book PDF

Author : Karen Stote
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Eugenics
ISBN : 1552667324

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An Act of Genocide by Karen Stote Pdf

An in-depth investigation of the forced sterilization of Aboriginal women carried out by the Canadian government.

The Hope that Remains

Christine Magill
The Hope that Remains Book PDF

Author : Christine Magill
Publisher : Vehicule Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : History
ISBN : 1550655183

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The Hope that Remains by Christine Magill Pdf

"Every immigrant that comes to Canada has a story. This book captures ten of those stories and the remarkable resiliency and fortitude of the human spirit. In 1994 one of the worst genocides in human history took place in Rwanda--over one million people were killed in 100 days."--Amazon.com.