The Oxford Handbook Of The Economics Of The Biopharmaceutical Industry

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The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry

Patricia M. Danzon,Sean Nicholson

Author : Patricia M. Danzon,Sean Nicholson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 624 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2012-04-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199909261

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The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry by Patricia M. Danzon,Sean Nicholson Pdf

The biopharmaceutical industry has been a major driver of technological change in health care, producing unprecedented benefits for patients, cost challenges for payers, and profits for shareholders. As consumers and companies benefit from access to new drugs, policymakers around the globe seek mechanisms to control prices and expenditures commensurate with value. More recently the 1990s productivity boom of new products has turned into a productivity bust, with fewer and more modest innovations, and flat or declining revenues for innovative firms as generics replace their former blockbuster products. This timely volume examines the economics of the biopharmaceutical industry, with eighteen chapters by leading academic health economists. Part one examines the economics of biopharmaceutical innovation including determinants of the costs and returns to new drug development; how capital markets finance R&D and how costs of financing the biopharmaceutical industry compare to financing costs for other industries; the effects of safety and efficacy regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and of price and reimbursement regulation on incentives for innovation; and the role of patents and regulatory exclusivities. Part two examines the market for biopharmaceuticals with chapters on prices and reimbursement in the US, the EU, and other industrialized countries, and in developing countries. It looks at the optimal design of insurance for drugs and the effects of cost sharing on spending and on health outcomes; how to measure the value of pharmaceuticals using pharmacoeconomics, including theory, practical challenges, and policy issues; how to measure pharmaceutical price growth over time and recent evidence; empirical evidence on the value of pharmaceuticals in terms of health outcomes; promotion of pharmaceuticals to physicians and consumers; the economics of vaccines; and a review of the evidence on effects of mergers, acquisitions and alliances. Each chapter summarizes the latest insights from theory and recent empirical evidence, and outlines important unanswered questions and areas for future research. Based on solid economics, it is nevertheless written in terms accessible to the general reader. The book is thus recommended reading for academic economists and non-economists, and for those in industry and policy who wish to understand the economics of this fascinating industry.

The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics

Sherry Glied,Peter C. Smith

Author : Sherry Glied,Peter C. Smith
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 992 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780191667169

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The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics by Sherry Glied,Peter C. Smith Pdf

The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics provides an accessible and authoritative guide to health economics, intended for scholars and students in the field, as well as those in adjacent disciplines including health policy and clinical medicine. The chapters stress the direct impact of health economics reasoning on policy and practice, offering readers an introduction to the potential reach of the discipline. Contributions come from internationally-recognized leaders in health economics and reflect the worldwide reach of the discipline. Authoritative, but non-technical, the chapters place great emphasis on the connections between theory and policy-making, and develop the contributions of health economics to problems arising in a variety of institutional contexts, from primary care to the operations of health insurers. The volume addresses policy concerns relevant to health systems in both developed and developing countries. It takes a broad perspective, with relevance to systems with single or multi-payer health insurance arrangements, and to those relying predominantly on user charges; contributions are also included that focus both on medical care and on non-medical factors that affect health. Each chapter provides a succinct summary of the current state of economic thinking in a given area, as well as the author's unique perspective on issues that remain open to debate. The volume presents a view of health economics as a vibrant and continually advancing field, highlighting ongoing challenges and pointing to new directions for further progress.

Economics and Management in the Biopharmaceutical Industry in the USA

Rachel Kim

Author : Rachel Kim
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 142 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351012690

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Economics and Management in the Biopharmaceutical Industry in the USA by Rachel Kim Pdf

From a managerial perspective, the biopharmaceutical industry represents a competitive, fast-changing, intellectually-powered, innovation-driven sector. Many management scholars have studied this discontinuous era to make sense of strategic behavior and the cognition of firms and top managers. A past look at the biopharmaceutical industry provides answers to questions that most managers have. For example, what options do you have and what actions do you take when new firms enter your industry? In the 1970s, new biotechnology firms, funded by venture capitalists, appeared in the pharmaceutical industry with new knowledge. Successful pharmaceutical firms decided to collaborate with the new entrants and forge relationships to develop and create new, biotechnology engineered drugs. Thus, the addition of new biotechnology firms ushered in a new business model based on strategic alliances. Strategic alliances have now become an industrial norm called open innovation. The author looks at the historical path of the biopharmaceutical industry, particularly in the United States. While the pharmaceutical industry’s main contributions to society are substantial, there are pressing challenges the industry must face, such as an increase in infectious disease outbreaks or the global aging population, which require new types of care, additionally, mental health care and prescription painkiller addiction are persistent issues with economic repercussions to both federal and local governments. This book presents a holistic view of the biopharmaceutical industry, putting it in a historical context. It will best serve those who are eager to learn about this dynamic, fast-evolving industry and who would like to tackle current biopharmaceutical industry issues in the United States and be prepared for future industry challenges.

The Right Price

Peter J. Neumann,Joshua T. Cohen,Daniel A. Ollendorf

Author : Peter J. Neumann,Joshua T. Cohen,Daniel A. Ollendorf
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780197512883

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The Right Price by Peter J. Neumann,Joshua T. Cohen,Daniel A. Ollendorf Pdf

The prescription drug market -- Proposed solutions for rising drug prices -- Measuring the value of prescription drugs -- Measuring drug value : whose job is it anyway? -- Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) -- Other US value assessment frameworks -- Do drugs for special populations warrant higher prices? -- Improving value measurement -- Aligning prices with value -- The path forward.

Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy

Stuart O. Schweitzer,Z. John Lu

Author : Stuart O. Schweitzer,Z. John Lu
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780190623791

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Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy by Stuart O. Schweitzer,Z. John Lu Pdf

Pharmaceuticals constitute a relatively small share of the total healthcare expenditure in most developed economies, and yet they play a critical role in the ongoing debate over how best to advance, improve, and afford healthcare. Despite this, and perhaps because of this, the industry has had, for many years, an outsized claim to fame and controversy, praise and criticisms, support and condemnation. Unfortunately, many participants in the debate do not fully understand the complexities of the industry and its role in the overall healthcare system. The analytical tools of economics provide a strong foundation for a better understanding of the dynamics of the pharmaceutical industry, its contribution to health and healthcare, its dual and often conflicting priorities of affordability and innovation, as well as the various private and public policy initiatives directed at the sector. This third edition of a uniquely comprehensive and balanced examination of the industry includes several new chapters on important topics such as the full-fledged generics sector, the arrival of biosimilars or generic biological drugs, the global consolidation of manufacturers, the evolving reimbursement landscape, and the emergence of the world's most populous nations, such as China, India, and Brazil, as both suppliers and consumers of pharmaceutical products. Other chapters have been fully rewritten or extensively updated, covering such important topics as the cost efficiency of research and development, pace of new innovations, economic evaluation and value-based pricing of drugs, and public and private interventions in the industry.

The Healthcare Value Chain

Lawton Robert Burns

Author : Lawton Robert Burns
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 658 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2022-10-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783031107399

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The Healthcare Value Chain by Lawton Robert Burns Pdf

This volume analyzes group purchasing organizations (GPOs) and pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) in order to better understand the significant roles that these entities play in the healthcare supply chain. It examines who they contract with, on what terms, and who they represent and answer to while charting their historical development. The analysis reveals that the current roles of both players have historical roots that explain why they behave the way they do. Finally, the book reviews the evidence base on the performance results of these two players. This work fills a void in our understanding about two important and controversial players in the healthcare value chain. Both organizations are cloaked in secrecy — partly by virtue of the private sector contracts they negotiate, partly by virtue of the lack of academic attention. Both play potentially important roles in controlling healthcare costs, albeit using contracting strategies and reimbursement mechanisms that arouse suspicion among stakeholders. This timely text explicates how these organizations arose and evolved to shed more light on how they really operate.

The Oxford Handbook of Intellectual Property Law

Rochelle C. Dreyfuss,Justine Pila

Author : Rochelle C. Dreyfuss,Justine Pila
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1000 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2018-04-12
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191076107

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The Oxford Handbook of Intellectual Property Law by Rochelle C. Dreyfuss,Justine Pila Pdf

We live in an age in which expressive, informational, and technological subject matter are becoming increasingly important. Intellectual property is the primary means by which the law seeks to regulate such subject matter. It aims to promote innovation and creativity, and in doing so to support solutions to global environmental and health problems, as well as freedom of expression and democracy. It also seeks to stimulate economic growth and competition, accounting for its centrality to EU Internal Market and international trade and development policies. Additionally, it is of enormous and increasing importance to business. As a result there is a substantial and ever-growing interest in intellectual property law across all spheres of industry and social policy, including an interest in its legal principles, its social and normative foundations, and its place and operation in the political economy. This handbook written by leading academics and practitioners from the field of intellectual property law, and suitable for both a specialist legal readership and an intelligent but non-specialist legal and non-legal readership, provides a comprehensive account of the following areas: - The foundations of IP law, including its emergence and development in different jurisdictions and regions; - The substantive rules and principles of IP; and - Important issues arising from the existence and operation of IP in the political economy.

Regulatory and Economic Aspects in Oncology

Evelyn Walter

Author : Evelyn Walter
Publisher : Springer
Page : 205 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-13
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030012076

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Regulatory and Economic Aspects in Oncology by Evelyn Walter Pdf

This book explores topics of importance to all who have an interest in economic methods for assessment of the efficacy and effectiveness of new cancer treatments and in regulatory measures relating to their marketing authorization and pricing. Targeted therapies and modern immunotherapy are placing a substantial strain on health care budgets. Regulation and economic methods to assess the parameters for establishing efficacy and effectiveness are therefore of prime importance. Payer authorities have to determine whether the use of these novel therapies yields clinical benefits that justify their increasing cost. In the simplest terms, cost-effectiveness analyses quantify the ratio between the extent to which an intervention raises healthcare costs and the extent to which it improves health outcomes. Rigorous cost-effectiveness analyses translate all health outcomes into quality-adjusted life years. On the other hand, in order to sustain innovation, price regulations must be coupled with efforts to ensure that drug companies are still able to recoup their investments in high-risk and high-costs research programs. Ultimately, decisions regarding health care expenditures are also a question of society’s willingness to pay.

Health Policy Reform in China

Jiwei Qian,Åke Blomqvist

Author : Jiwei Qian,Åke Blomqvist
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2014-07-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789814425902

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Health Policy Reform in China by Jiwei Qian,Åke Blomqvist Pdf

Most of the existing literature on health system reform in China deals with only one part of the reform process (for example, financing reform in rural areas, or the new system of purchasing pharmaceuticals), or consists of empirical case studies from particular cities or regions. This book gives a broad overview of the process of health system reform in China. It draws extensively both on the Western literature in health economics and on the experience of health care reform in a number of other countries, including the US, UK, Holland, and Japan, and compares China's approach to health care reform with other countries. It also places the process of health system reform in the context of re-orienting China's economic policy to place greater emphasis on equity and income distribution, and analyzes the interaction of the central and local governments in designing and implementing the reforms. This book will be of interest to policymakers, academics, students of health economics, health policy and health administration, and people who are interested in Chinese social policy. Contents:Introduction:Health Policy in China: Introduction and BackgroundHealth Systems and Health Reform: International ModelsMain Components of Health Reform:Strengthening China's Social Insurance SystemProviding Primary CareThe Hospital Sector and Hospital ReformChina's National Drug Policy: A Work in ProgressHealth Care and Harmonious Development in China:Health Policy and InequalityDecentralized Government, Central-Local Fiscal Relations, and Health ReformChina's Health System in the Future:Health Services in the Future: Social Insurance and PurchasingChina's Future Health Care System: A Mixed Public-Private Model? Readership: Policy makers, academics, students of health economics, health policy, and health administration, and people who are interested in Chinese social policy. Keywords:Health Reform;China;Health Insurance;Public Hospital;Inequality;Primary CareKey Features:Provides a progress report on the implementation of major reform plans announced by the state in 2009Draws extensively on the international health economics literature and on the experience of major countries with health system reform to propose and predict future health policy directions for ChinaAnalyzes health policy as a key component of the broader re-orientation of Chinese economic policy toward more emphasis on equity and redistribution of real income, and focuses on the interaction between the state and local government in the processReviews: “Professor Åke Blomqvist and Dr Jiwei Qian have produced a high-quality research on China's health policies and health system. The book places China in the international context, comparing China with European states and America. The authors also consider health policy within the broader framework of inequality and social policy, and explore the potential role of the private sector in a mixed system. The book is comprehensive, balanced and highly recommended. All who are interested in global health systems in general and China in particular should read it.“ Professor Zheng Yongnian East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore “China is amidst one of the deepest transformations of health care system ever tried anywhere and this is reflected in the burgeoning literature on the subject. In this volume, Qian and Blomqvist pull together the vast and disparate materials and discuss them from a comparative context. It is an essential reading for those interested in public policy in China.“ Professor M Ramesh LKY School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore

Discounting the Future

Liliana Doganova

Author : Liliana Doganova
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2024-02-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781942130925

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Discounting the Future by Liliana Doganova Pdf

A pioneering exploration of the defining traits and contradictions of our relationship to the future through the lens of discounting Forest fires, droughts, and rising sea levels beg a nagging question: have we lost our capacity to act on the future? Liliana Doganova’s book sheds new light on this anxious query. It argues that our relationship to the future has been trapped in the gears of a device called discounting. While its incidence remains little known, discounting has long been entrenched in market and policy practices, shaping the ways firms and governments look to the future and make decisions accordingly. Thus, a sociological account of discounting formulas has become urgent. Discounting means valuing things through the flows of costs and benefits that they are likely to generate in the future, with these future flows being literally dis-counted as they are translated in the present. How have we come to think of the future, and of valuation, in such terms? Building on original empirical research in the historical sociology of discounting, Doganova takes us to some of the sites and moments in which discounting took shape and gained momentum: valuation of European forests in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; economic theories devised in the early 1900s; debates over business strategies in the postwar era; investor-state disputes over the nationalization of natural resources; and drug development in the biopharmaceutical industry today. Weaving these threads together, the book pleads for an understanding of discounting as a political technology, and of the future as a contested domain.

The Multinational Enterprise

Mark Casson

Author : Mark Casson
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781788110068

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The Multinational Enterprise by Mark Casson Pdf

This book summarises Mark Casson’s recent research on the multinational enterprise. This work is firmly rooted in history and examines the evolution of the internalisation theory of the multinational enterprise over the past forty years and, in the light of this, considers its potential for further development. The book also explores internationalisation theory in respect to marketing and brands, the supply chain, risk management as well as methodology.

Globalisation in Transition

Umair Ghori,Mary Hiscock,Louise Parsons,Casey Watters

Author : Umair Ghori,Mary Hiscock,Louise Parsons,Casey Watters
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2023-07-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789819924394

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Globalisation in Transition by Umair Ghori,Mary Hiscock,Louise Parsons,Casey Watters Pdf

This book brings together diverse ideas on selected facets of globalisation and transitions in globalisation. The scholars that have contributed to this book examine the phenomenon of globalisation through varied lenses, focusing specifically on the human and economic perspectives. These analyses originate in many areas and different legal systems but are all connected through the work of Professor John Farrar and the associations of the contributors with him. This book does not attempt to provide answers to the many challenges of globalisation. Instead, this book discusses selected, particular aspects of globalisation that derive from and are connected to the authors’ own research. The thematic diversity of this book is a true strength and should draw a broad range of readers. Whilst this book is primarily written from a legal angle, its content overlaps with broader specialised policy areas, with contributions ranging from taxation to ageing, from insolvency to social licences, and from refugees to the treatment of first nations people. In short, there is something for everyone in this book. As a tribute to the life’s work of an outstanding legal scholar, Professor John Farrar, this book explores legal responses to the social and economic impacts of globalisation. After personal acknowledgments from colleagues highlighting the significance of his scholarship, this book is divided into two parts. The first part addresses the social impact of globalisation, focusing on immigration and the impact on First Nations people. Changes in the regulation of medicine and technologies related to ageing are also addressed in this part. In part two, the book addresses the transitioning corporate law landscape and notions of fairness and good faith in the law. The final part contains the conclusions, reflections and synthesis of the editors.

Regulation, Innovation and Competition in Pharmaceutical Markets

Margherita Colangelo

Author : Margherita Colangelo
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2023-04-20
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781509965533

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Regulation, Innovation and Competition in Pharmaceutical Markets by Margherita Colangelo Pdf

This book explores the fundamental and inextricable relationship between regulation, intellectual property, competition law, and public health in pharmaceutical markets, examining their interconnections and the delicate balance between the various interests and policy goals at stake. Although pharmaceutical markets are heavily regulated and subject to close antitrust scrutiny, there is a constant requirement for existing rules and policies to tackle a number of persistent, complex issues. The variety of anti-competitive practices occurring in this sector, the worrying rise in drug prices, and major, far-reaching concerns over the accessibility of medicines are sources of frequent controversy in academic and policy debates. Understanding the unique features and dynamics of the pharmaceutical industry requires a tailored and multifaceted approach. The study is enhanced by the adoption of a comparative perspective, tracing convergence and divergence between EU and US systems through the analysis of relevant applicable rules, significant cases, and policy choices. Pursuant to this rigorous approach, the book provides an original and thought-provoking critique of the challenges of regulating pharmaceutical markets.

Principles in Health Economics and Policy

Jan Abel Olsen

Author : Jan Abel Olsen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780198794837

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Principles in Health Economics and Policy by Jan Abel Olsen Pdf

Examining the different structures and techniques involved in making decisions about who benefits from those health care resources available in a publicly funded system, this title provides a concise and compact introduction to health economics and policy

From Breakthrough to Blockbuster

Donald L. Drakeman,Lisa N. Drakeman,Nektarios Oraiopoulos

Author : Donald L. Drakeman,Lisa N. Drakeman,Nektarios Oraiopoulos
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Biotechnology industries
ISBN : 9780195084009

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From Breakthrough to Blockbuster by Donald L. Drakeman,Lisa N. Drakeman,Nektarios Oraiopoulos Pdf

"Beginning in the 1970s, several scientific breakthroughs promised to transform the creation of new medicines. As investors sought to capitalize on these Nobel Prize-winning discoveries, the biotech industry grew to thousands of small companies around the world. Each sought to emulate what the major pharmaceutical companies had been doing for a century or more, but without the advantages of scale, scope, experience, and massive resources. How could a large collection of small companies, most with fewer than 50 employees, compete in one of the world's most breathtakingly expensive and highly regulated industries? This book shows how biotech companies have met the challenge by creating nearly 40% more of the most important treatments for unmet medical needs. Moreover, they have done so with much lower overall costs. The book focuses on both the companies themselves and the broader biotech ecosystem that supports them. Its portrait of the crucial roles played by academic research, venture capital, contract research organizations, the capital markets, and pharmaceutical companies shows how a supportive environment enabled the entrepreneurial biotech industry to create novel medicines with unprecedented efficiency. In doing so, it also offers insights for any industry seeking to innovate in uncertain and ambiguous conditions. Looking to the future, it concludes that biomedical research will continue to be most effective in the hands of a large group of small companies as long as national healthcare policies allow the rest of the ecosystem to continue to thrive"--

The Oxford Handbook Of The Economics Of The Biopharmaceutical Industry

The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry by Patricia M. Danzon,Sean Nicholson Pdf

The Oxford Handbook of Health Economics by Sherry Glied,Peter C. Smith Pdf

Economics and Management in the Biopharmaceutical Industry in the USA by Rachel Kim Pdf

The Right Price by Peter J. Neumann,Joshua T. Cohen,Daniel A. Ollendorf Pdf

Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy by Stuart O. Schweitzer,Z. John Lu Pdf

The Healthcare Value Chain by Lawton Robert Burns Pdf

The Oxford Handbook of Intellectual Property Law by Rochelle C. Dreyfuss,Justine Pila Pdf

Regulatory and Economic Aspects in Oncology by Evelyn Walter Pdf

Health Policy Reform in China by Jiwei Qian,Åke Blomqvist Pdf

Discounting the Future by Liliana Doganova Pdf

The Multinational Enterprise by Mark Casson Pdf

Globalisation in Transition by Umair Ghori,Mary Hiscock,Louise Parsons,Casey Watters Pdf

Regulation, Innovation and Competition in Pharmaceutical Markets by Margherita Colangelo Pdf

Principles in Health Economics and Policy by Jan Abel Olsen Pdf

From Breakthrough to Blockbuster by Donald L. Drakeman,Lisa N. Drakeman,Nektarios Oraiopoulos Pdf

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