The Philosophy Of Group Polarization

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The Philosophy of Group Polarization

Fernando Broncano-Berrocal,J. Adam Carter
The Philosophy of Group Polarization Book PDF

Author : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal,J. Adam Carter
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-02-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000342864

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The Philosophy of Group Polarization by Fernando Broncano-Berrocal,J. Adam Carter Pdf

Group polarization—the tendency of groups to incline toward more extreme positions than initially held by their individual members—has been rigorously studied by social psychologists, though in a way that has overlooked important philosophical questions. This is the first book-length treatment of group polarization from a philosophical perspective. The phenomenon of group polarization raises several important metaphysical and epistemological questions. From a metaphysical point of view, can group polarization, understood as an epistemic feature of a group, be reduced to epistemic features of its individual members? Relatedly, from an epistemological point of view, is group polarization best understood as a kind of cognitive bias or rather in terms of intellectual vice? This book compares four models that combine potential answers to the metaphysical and epistemological questions. The models considered are: group polarization as (i) a collective bias; (ii) a summation of individual epistemic vices; (iii) a summation of individual biases; and (iv) a collective epistemic vice. Ultimately, the authors defend a collective vice model of group polarization over the competing alternatives. The Philosophy of Group Polarization will be of interest to students and researchers working in epistemology, particularly those working on social epistemology, collective epistemology, social ontology, virtue epistemology, and distributed cognition. It will also be of interest to those working on issues in political epistemology, applied epistemology, and on topics at the intersection of epistemology and ethics.

The Epistemology of Group Disagreement

Fernando Broncano-Berrocal,J. Adam Carter
The Epistemology of Group Disagreement Book PDF

Author : Fernando Broncano-Berrocal,J. Adam Carter
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-12-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780429663581

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The Epistemology of Group Disagreement by Fernando Broncano-Berrocal,J. Adam Carter Pdf

This book brings together philosophers to investigate the nature and normativity of group disagreement. Debates in the epistemology of disagreement mainly have been concerned with idealized cases of peer disagreement between individuals. However, most real-life disagreements are complex and often take place within and between groups. Ascribing views, beliefs, and judgments to groups is a common phenomenon that is well researched in the literature on the ontology and epistemology of groups. The essays in this volume seek to connect these literatures and to explore both intra- and inter- group disagreements. They apply their discussions to a range of political, religious, social, and scientific issues. The Epistemology of Group Disagreement is an important resource for students and scholars working on social and applied epistemology, disagreement, and topics at the intersection of epistemology, ethics, and politics.

The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology

Michael Hannon,Jeroen de Ridder
The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology Book PDF

Author : Michael Hannon,Jeroen de Ridder
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000371925

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The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology by Michael Hannon,Jeroen de Ridder Pdf

As political discourse had been saturated with the ideas of "post-truth", "fake news", "epistemic bubbles", and "truth decay", it was no surprise that in 2017 The New Scientist declared: "Philosophers of knowledge, your time has come." Political epistemology has old roots, but is now one of the most rapidly growing and important areas of philosophy. The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology is an outstanding reference source to this exciting field, and the first collection of its kind. Comprising 41 chapters by an international team of contributors, it is divided into seven parts: Politics and truth: historical and contemporary perspectives Political disagreement and polarization Fake news, propaganda, and misinformation Ignorance and irrationality in politics Epistemic virtues and vices in politics Democracy and epistemology Trust, expertise, and doubt. Within these sections crucial issues and debates are examined, including: post-truth, disagreement and relativism, epistemic networks, fake news, echo chambers, propaganda, ignorance, irrationality, political polarization, virtues and vices in public debate, epistocracy, expertise, misinformation, trust, and digital democracy, as well as the views of Plato, Aristotle, Mòzǐ, medieval Islamic philosophers, Mill, Arendt, and Rawls on truth and politics. The Routledge Handbook of Political Epistemology is essential reading for those studying political philosophy, applied and social epistemology, and politics. It is also a valuable resource for those in related disciplines such as international relations, law, political psychology, political science, communication studies, and journalism.

The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information

Luciano Floridi
The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information Book PDF

Author : Luciano Floridi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 447 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781317633495

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The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information by Luciano Floridi Pdf

Information and communication technology occupies a central place in the modern world, with society becoming increasingly dependent on it every day. It is therefore unsurprising that it has become a growing subject area in contemporary philosophy, which relies heavily on informational concepts. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information is an outstanding reference source to the key topics and debates in this exciting subject and is the first collection of its kind. Comprising over thirty chapters by a team of international contributors the Handbook is divided into four parts: basic ideas quantitative and formal aspects natural and physical aspects human and semantic aspects. Within these sections central issues are examined, including probability, the logic of information, informational metaphysics, the philosophy of data and evidence, and the epistemic value of information. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy, computer science and communication studies.

The Philosophy of Fanaticism

Leo Townsend,Ruth Rebecca Tietjen,Hans Bernhard Schmid,Michael Staudigl
The Philosophy of Fanaticism Book PDF

Author : Leo Townsend,Ruth Rebecca Tietjen,Hans Bernhard Schmid,Michael Staudigl
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2022-07-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000614251

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The Philosophy of Fanaticism by Leo Townsend,Ruth Rebecca Tietjen,Hans Bernhard Schmid,Michael Staudigl Pdf

The essays in this volume explore some of the disconcerting realities of fanaticism, by analyzing its unique dynamics, and considering how it can be productively confronted. The book features both analytic and continental philosophical approaches to fanaticism. Working at the intersections of epistemology, philosophy of emotions, political philosophy, and philosophy of religion, the contributors address a range of questions related to this increasingly relevant, yet widely neglected topic. What are the distinctive features of fanaticism? What are its causes, motivations, and reasons? In what ways, if at all, is fanaticism epistemically, ethically, and politically problematic? And how can fanaticism be combatted or curtailed? The Philosophy of Fanaticism will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology, philosophy of religion, philosophy of emotions, moral psychology, and political philosophy.

The Way Out

Peter T. Coleman
The Way Out Book PDF

Author : Peter T. Coleman
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-01
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780231552158

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The Way Out by Peter T. Coleman Pdf

The partisan divide in the United States has widened to a chasm. Legislators vote along party lines and rarely cross the aisle. Political polarization is personal, too—and it is making us miserable. Surveys show that Americans have become more fearful and hateful of supporters of the opposing political party and imagine that they hold much more extreme views than they actually do. We have cordoned ourselves off: we prefer to date and marry those with similar opinions and are less willing to spend time with people on the other side. How can we loosen the grip of this toxic polarization and start working on our most pressing problems? The Way Out offers an escape from this morass. The social psychologist Peter T. Coleman explores how conflict resolution and complexity science provide guidance for dealing with seemingly intractable political differences. Deploying the concept of attractors in dynamical systems, he explains why we are stuck in this rut as well as the unexpected ways that deeply rooted oppositions can and do change. Coleman meticulously details principles and practices for navigating and healing the difficult divides in our homes, workplaces, and communities, blending compelling personal accounts from his years of working on entrenched conflicts with lessons from leading-edge research. The Way Out is a vital and timely guide to breaking free from the cycle of mutual contempt in order to better our lives, relationships, and country.

Cognitive Vulnerability

Óscar Lucas González-Castán
Cognitive Vulnerability Book PDF

Author : Óscar Lucas González-Castán
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2023-08-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110799163

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Cognitive Vulnerability by Óscar Lucas González-Castán Pdf

Vulnerability has become part of our everyday vocabulary. We are used to hearing that we ought to act so as to protect the highly vulnerable; the qualifier suggests that we are all vulnerable. In addition to being of contemporary relevance, the notion of vulnerability has also been at the heart of philosophical reflection since the birth of the discipline, playing a vital role across many different traditions. Its prevalence is unsurprising. Vulnerability, which partially defines us as human beings, has appeared in many guises: mortality, finitude, sin, ignorance, etc. However, no attempt has yet been made to fully apply the notion of vulnerability to the domains of epistemology and the philosophy of science, to relate it to our general human vulnerability, and to explore the wide range of consequences that derive from it. The contributors of this book fill this gap; they present new approaches to classical problems. They highlight different aspects of our cognitive vulnerability, from issues related to the realism/antirealism debate to reflections on epistemic success and trust.

Epistemic Autonomy

Jonathan Matheson,Kirk Lougheed
Epistemic Autonomy Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Matheson,Kirk Lougheed
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-08-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000423013

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Epistemic Autonomy by Jonathan Matheson,Kirk Lougheed Pdf

This is the first book dedicated to the topic of epistemic autonomy. It features original essays from leading scholars that promise to significantly shape future debates in this emerging area of epistemology. While the nature of and value of autonomy has long been discussed in ethics and social and political philosophy, it remains an underexplored area of epistemology. The essays in this collection take up several interesting questions and approaches related to epistemic autonomy. Topics include the nature of epistemic autonomy, whether epistemic paternalism can be justified, autonomy as an epistemic value and/or vice, and the relation of epistemic autonomy to social epistemology and epistemic injustice. Epistemic Autonomy will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in epistemology, ethics, and social and political philosophy.

Grandstanding

Justin Tosi,Brandon Warmke
Grandstanding Book PDF

Author : Justin Tosi,Brandon Warmke
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2020-05-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190900151

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Grandstanding by Justin Tosi,Brandon Warmke Pdf

We are all guilty of it. We call people terrible names in conversation or online. We vilify those with whom we disagree, and make bolder claims than we could defend. We want to be seen as taking the moral high ground not just to make a point, or move a debate forward, but to look a certain way--incensed, or compassionate, or committed to a cause. We exaggerate. In other words, we grandstand. Nowhere is this more evident than in public discourse today, and especially as it plays out across the internet. To philosophers Justin Tosi and Brandon Warmke, who have written extensively about moral grandstanding, such one-upmanship is not just annoying, but dangerous. As politics gets more and more polarized, people on both sides of the spectrum move further and further apart when they let grandstanding get in the way of engaging one another. The pollution of our most urgent conversations with self-interest damages the very causes they are meant to forward. Drawing from work in psychology, economics, and political science, and along with contemporary examples spanning the political spectrum, the authors dive deeply into why and how we grandstand. Using the analytic tools of psychology and moral philosophy, they explain what drives us to behave in this way, and what we stand to lose by taking it too far. Most importantly, they show how, by avoiding grandstanding, we can re-build a public square worth participating in.

Digital Knowledge

J. Adam Carter
Digital Knowledge Book PDF

Author : J. Adam Carter
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2024-01-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000919073

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Digital Knowledge by J. Adam Carter Pdf

Information we use to structure our lives is increasingly stored digitally, rather than in biomemory. (Just think: if your online calendar went down, would you know where you are supposed to be and at what time next week?) Likewise, with breakthroughs such as those from Google DeepMind and OpenAI, discoveries at the frontiers of knowledge are increasingly due to machine learning (often, applied to massive datasets, extracted from a fast-growing datasphere) rather than to brainbound cognition. It’s hard to deny that knowledge retention and production are becoming increasingly – in various ways – digitised. Digital Knowledge: A Philosophical Investigation is the first book to squarely and rigorously investigate digital knowledge: what it is, how to make sense of it in connection with received theories of knowledge, and where it is going. Key questions J. Adam Carter examines along the way are the following: How is mere digital information converted into reliable digital knowledge? To what extent can digital knowledge be vindicated against sceptical challenges, and in what ways might digital knowledge stand distinctively subject to defeat? What is the epistemically optimal way for us to decide which tasks to outsource entirely to intelligent machines, and to what extent is further outsourcing appropriate (or not) to verify the results of that same outsourced cognition? Are there any ways in which the expansion of the datasphere threatens to make knowledge less, rather than more, easy to come by? If so, are there any promising ways to safeguard, epistemically, against such threats? Using fascinating examples throughout, such as the recent chess match between Stockfish and Google’s AlphaZero, smartphones and personalisation, Digital Knowledge: A Philosophical Investigation is ideal for researchers investigating this fascinating area of research at the intersection of traditional mainstream epistemology, the philosophy of cognitive science, the philosophy of technology, and computer science.

The Philosophy of Sociality

Raimo Tuomela
The Philosophy of Sociality Book PDF

Author : Raimo Tuomela
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2007-08-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0198042752

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The Philosophy of Sociality by Raimo Tuomela Pdf

Concepts based on full-blown collective intentionality (aboutness), viz., we-mode intentionality, are central for understanding and explaining the social world. The book systematically studies social groups, acting in them as a group member, collective commitment, group intentions, beliefs, and actions, especially authority-based group attitudes and actions. There are also chapters on cooperation, social institutions, cultural evolution, and group responsibility.

Propositional and Doxastic Justification

Paul Silva Jr.,Luis R.G. Oliveira
Propositional and Doxastic Justification Book PDF

Author : Paul Silva Jr.,Luis R.G. Oliveira
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781000568851

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Propositional and Doxastic Justification by Paul Silva Jr.,Luis R.G. Oliveira Pdf

This volume features original essays that advance debates on propositional and doxastic justification and explore how these debates shape and are shaped by a range of established and emerging topics in contemporary epistemology. This is the first book-length project devoted to the distinction between propositional and doxastic justification. Notably, the contributors cover the relationship between propositional and doxastic justification and group belief, credence, commitment, suspension, faith, and hope. They also consider state-of-the-art work on knowledge-first approaches to justification, hinge-epistemology, moral and practical reasons for belief, epistemic normativity, and applications of formal epistemology to traditional epistemological disputes. Finally, the contributors promise to reinvigorate old epistemological debates on coherentism, externalism, internalism, and phenomenal conservatism. Propositional and Doxastic Justification will be of interest to researchers and advanced students working in epistemology, metaethics, and normativity.

A Telic Theory of Trust

J Adam Carter
A Telic Theory of Trust Book PDF

Author : J Adam Carter
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2024-08-23
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192888969

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A Telic Theory of Trust by J Adam Carter Pdf

A Telic Theory of Trust approaches trust as a kind of aimed performance, capable of not only success but also of competence and aptness. J. Adam Carter shows how this illuminate the nature of trust, the difference between good and bad trusting, and practices of cooperation in general.

A Companion to Applied Philosophy

Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen,Kimberley Brownlee,David Coady
A Companion to Applied Philosophy Book PDF

Author : Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen,Kimberley Brownlee,David Coady
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 664 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781118869123

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A Companion to Applied Philosophy by Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen,Kimberley Brownlee,David Coady Pdf

Applied philosophy has been a growing area of research for the last 40 years. Until now, however, almost all of this research has been centered around the field of ethics. A Companion to Applied Philosophy breaks new ground, demonstrating that all areasof philosophy, including epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of mind, can be applied, and are relevant to questions of everyday life. This perennial topic in philosophy provides an overview of these various applied philosophy developments, highlighting similarities and differences between various areas of applied philosophy, and examining the very nature of this topic. It is an area to which many of the towering figures in the history of philosophy have contributed, and this timely Companion demonstrates how various historical contributions are actually contributions within applied philosophy, even if they are not traditionally seen as such. The Companion contains 42 essays covering major areas of philosophy; the articles themselves are all original contributions to the literature and represent the state of the art on this topic, as well as offering a map to the current debates.

Rationality in Context

Steven Bland
Rationality in Context Book PDF

Author : Steven Bland
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2023-12-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781003823315

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Rationality in Context by Steven Bland Pdf

This book uses the psychological literature on rationality to weigh in on the recent debate between virtue epistemologists and epistemic situationists. It argues that both sides have misconstrued the literature and that an interactionist framework is needed to square epistemic theory with empirical facts about reasoning and inference. The explosion of empirical literature on human rationality has led to seismic shifts across a multitude of academic disciplines. This book considers its implications for epistemology. In particular, it critically evaluates the treatment of the rationality literature within the recent controversy between virtue epistemologists, who attempt to ground knowledge in stable epistemic virtues, and epistemic situationists, who claim that such a project is doomed by empirical evidence of widespread irrationality. It links this foundational controversy to two of the most important debates in psychology: the Rationality Wars and the person-situation debate. The book argues that both virtue theorists and epistemic situationists have misunderstood the implications of these debates, leading them to focus exclusively on personal dispositions and situational factors as two independent sources of epistemic success, failure, and improvement. A more accurate reading of the empirical literature implies that interactions between epistemic agents and their social, informational, and institutional environments are the fundamental drivers of both rational and irrational behaviour. An interactionist framework motivated by this insight conceives of epistemic virtues and vices as both responsive to and responsible for the environments in which they’re manifested and cultivated. The central aim of this book is to present and defend this novel type of virtue epistemology. Rationality in Context will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working in epistemology, philosophy of science, philosophy of psychology, cognitive psychology, and social psychology.