The Physics Of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals

Author : Antônio M. Figueiredo Neto,Silvio R. A. Salinas
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2005-01-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780191523489

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The Physics of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals by Antônio M. Figueiredo Neto,Silvio R. A. Salinas Pdf

This book gives a comprehensive description of the physical properties of lyotropic liquid crystals. Structural features, phase transitions and phase diagrams are discussed in detail. The available experimental data on lyotropic mixtures is presented in the unifying context of the Landau theories. This phenomenological approach is used for establishing connections between structural properties and phase diagrams. The book is suitable for use as a pedagogical introduction to the subject.

Author : Peter J. Collings,Michael Hird
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2017-09-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351988780

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Introduction to Liquid Crystals by Peter J. Collings,Michael Hird Pdf

This text relies on only introductory level physics and chemistry as the foundation for understanding liquid crystal science. Liquid crystals combine the material properties of solids with the flow properties of fluids. As such they have provided the foundation for a revolution in low- power, flat-panel display technology LCDs. In this book, the essential elements of liquid crystal science are introduced and explained from the perspectives of both the chemist and the physicist.; The text begins with an historical account of the discovery of liquid crystals and continues with a description of how different phases are generated and how different molecular architectures affect liquid crystalline properties. The rest of the book is concerned with understanding and explaining the properties of the various types of liquid crystals, and in the final part of the book, the technology of LCDs is discussed and illustrated.

Author : Peter J. Collings,John W. Goodby
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781351579834

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Introduction to Liquid Crystals by Peter J. Collings,John W. Goodby Pdf

Introduction to Liquid Crystals: Chemistry and Physics, Second Edition relies on only introductory level chemistry and physics as the foundation for understanding liquid crystal science. Liquid crystals combine the material properties of solids with the flow properties of fluids. As such they have provided the foundation for a revolution in low-power, flat-panel display technology (LCDs). In this book, the essential elements of liquid crystal science are introduced and explained from the perspectives of both the chemist and physicist. This new edition relies on only introductory level physics and chemistry as the foundation for understanding liquid crystal science and is, therefore, ideal for students and recent graduates. Features Introduces and explains the essential elements of liquid crystal science, including discussion of how liquid crystals have been utilized for innovative and important applications. New to this edition are over 300 figures, 90 end-of chapter exercises, and an increased scope that includes recent developments. Combines the knowledge of two eminent scientists in the field; they have fully updated and expanded the text to cover undergraduate/graduate course work as well as current research in what is now a billion-dollar industry. Immerses the reader in the vocabulary, structures, data, and kinetic models, rapidly building up an understanding of the theories and models in current use. Begins with a historical account of the discovery of liquid crystals and continues with a description of how different phases are generated and how different molecular architectures affect liquid crystal properties.

Author : Birendra Bahadur
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Science
ISBN : 9810229518

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Liquid Crystals by Birendra Bahadur Pdf

This book reviews comprehensively the technological, scientific, artistic and medical applications of liquid crystals. It starts with the basics of liquid crystals and covers electro-optical, thermo-optical, colour, polymeric, lyotropic, and scientific applications of liquid crystalline materials. It discusses the fabrication and operational principles of a full range of liquid crystal displays including dynamic scattering, twisted nematic, supertwisted nematic, dichroic, smectic A, ferroelectric, polymer dispersed, light valve, active matrix, etc., in detail. It also covers the emerging applications of liquid crystals such as optical computing, nonlinear optics, decorative and visual arts. Classification, theory, chemical structure, physical properties and surface alignment of liquid crystals have detailed chapters to facilitate the basic understanding of the science behind LCDs and other uses of liquid crystals. The chapters, liquid crystal polymers and lyotropic liquid crystals, give deep insight into these areas. The potential uses and applications are also described in detail.

Author : CL Khetrapal,A. Kunwar,A.S. Tracey,P. Diehl
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 89 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642454738

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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies in Lyotropic Liquid Crystals by CL Khetrapal,A. Kunwar,A.S. Tracey,P. Diehl Pdf

1. Lyotropic Liquid Crystals The class of compounds known as thermotropic liquid crystals has been widely utilized in basic research and industry during recent years. The properties of these materials are such that on heating from the solid to the isotropic liquid state, phase transitions occur with the formation of one or more intermediate anisotropic liquids. The unique and sometimes startling properties of these liquid crystals are the properties of pure compounds. However, there exists a second class of substances known as lyotropic liquid crystals which obtain their anisotropic properties from the mixing of two or more components. One of the components is amphiphilic, containing a polar head group (generally ionic or zwitterionic) attached to one or more long-chain hydrocarbons; the second component is usually water. Lyotropic liquid crystals occur abundantly in nature, particularly in all living systems. As a consequence, a bright future seems assured for studies on such systems. Even now, many of the properties of these systems are poorly understood. It is the purpose of this review to consolidate the results obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance studies of such systems and to provide a coherent picture of the field. Probably the most familiar example of a lyotropic liquid crystal is soap in water. A common soap is sodium dodecylsulphate where an ionic group (sulphate) is attached to a hydrocarbon chain containing twelve carbons.

Author : Ethan Briggs
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2018-07-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1724243136

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The Physics of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals Phase Transitions and Structural Proper by Ethan Briggs Pdf

This guide gives a wide information of the physical qualities of lyotropic fluid gems. Architectural features, stage changes and stage blueprints are mentioned in details. The available trial data on lyotropic mixes is provided in the unifying perspective of the Landau concepts. This phenomenological approach is used for developing relationships between structural qualities and stage blueprints. The guide is correct for use as a pedagogical release to the subject.

Author : Nissim Garti,Ponisseril Somasundaran,Raffaele Mezzenga
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 503 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-08-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118336571

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Self-Assembled Supramolecular Architectures by Nissim Garti,Ponisseril Somasundaran,Raffaele Mezzenga Pdf

This book will describe fundamentals and recent developments in the area of Self-Assembled Supramolecular Architecture and their relevance to the understanding of the functionality of membranes as delivery systems for active ingredients. As the heirarchial architectures determine their performance capabilities, attention will be paid to theoretical and design aspects related to the construction of lyotropic liquid crystals: mesophases such as lamellar, hexagonal, cubic, sponge phase micellosomes. The book will bring to the reader mechanistic aspects, compositional considerations, transition within phases, solubilization capacities, drug entrapment and release mechanisms and transmembrane, transdermal, and other transport phenomena. It will stress the importance of these mesostructures to crystallization and polymorphism of drugs, fats, and nutraceuticals and will discuss regioselectivity of organic and enzymatic reactions that take place at interfaces and within the channels of the mesophase. The book will bring studies on the use of these mesophase as crystallization or particulation media for the formation of nanoparticles and nanocrystals. Chapters will discuss applications in the areas of pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, plastics, paper, agro-chemistry and industrial applications.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789814493451

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Liquid Crystals by Anonim Pdf

Author : Horst Stegemeyer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662083932

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Liquid Crystals by Horst Stegemeyer Pdf

In 1959, about 1400 compounds forming liquid crystalline phases were known; by 1992, this number had increased to about 50 000. In portable devices like wristwatches, pocket caculators, measuring instruments, and laptop computers the liquid crystal display technology has gained total acceptance and is on the way to encompass the market of colour TV screens. This development makes a volume devoted to liquid crystals in the series Topics in Physical Chemistry desirable. Following the concept of this series, an easy introduction to liquid crystals is given, enabling the reader to understand the basic problems of liquid crystals research and application. Because of the widespread field of different research activities in liquid crystals and applications, various competent authors have been involved in writing chapters on: - Phase types, structures, and chemistry of liquid crystals; - Thermodynamical behavior and physical properties of thermotropic liquid crystals; - Liquid crystalline polymers; - Lyotropic liquid crystals; - Application of liquid crystals in spectroscopy; - Application of liquid crystals in display technology.

Author : E. Priestly
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468421750

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Introduction to Liquid Crystals by E. Priestly Pdf

The existence of liquid crystals has been known for nearly a centu ry; yet it is only in the last ten years that their unique optical, electri cal, electro-optic, and thermal properties have been exploited to any significant extent in such technological applications as digital d~ plays and thermography. Digital watches equipped with liquid-crys tal displays (LCD's) have recently made their debut in the electronic watch market, and the large-scale use of LCD's in a variety of other applications requiring reliable, low-power digital displays is immi nent. There is good reason to believe that liquid crystals will be the first electro-optic materials to find widespread commercial use. Apart from applications, liquid crystals are unique among the phases of matter. Lurking beneath their garish display of color and texture is a great complexity of physical and chemical interaction that is only now beginning to unfold in the face of a decade-old resurgence in all aspects of liquid~rystal research. RCA Laboratories has participated in this resurgence from its beginning in the early 1960's and at present maintains active liquid-crystal programs both in basic re search and in device engineering. In view of the widespread interest in liquid crystals at RCA Labo ratories, an in-house weekly seminar devoted to the subject of liquid crystals was organized in the fall of 1973. The resulting lectures were subsequently published in three issues of the RCA Review and, with the incorporation of much additional material, eventually grew into the present volume.

Author : George W. Gray,Volkmar Vill,Hans W. Spiess,Dietrich Demus,John W. Goodby
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2009-08-14
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783527613953

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Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals by George W. Gray,Volkmar Vill,Hans W. Spiess,Dietrich Demus,John W. Goodby Pdf

This handbook is a unique compendium of knowledge on all aspects of the physics of liquid crystals. In over 500 pages it provides detailed information on the physical properties of liquid crystals as well as the recent theories and results on phase transitions, defects and textures of different types of liquid crystals. An in-depth understanding of the physical fundamentals is a prerequisite for everyone working in the field of liquid crystal research. With this book the experts as well as graduate students entering the field get all the information they need.

Author : G.R. Luckhurst,C.A. Veracini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 612 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401111683

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The Molecular Dynamics of Liquid Crystals by G.R. Luckhurst,C.A. Veracini Pdf

Liquid-crystalline phases are now known to be formed by an ever growing range of quite diverse materials, these include those of low molecular weight as well as the novel liquid-crystalline polymers, such phases can also be induced by the addition of a solvent to amphiphilic systems leading to lyotropic liquid crystals. Irrespective of the structure of the constituent molecules these numerous liquid-cl)'Stailine phases are characterised by their long range orientational order. In addition certain phases exhibit elements of long range positional order. Our understanding, both experimental and theoretical, at the molecular level of the static behaviour of these fascinating and important materials is now well advanced. In contrast the influence of the long range order; both orientational and positional, on the molecular dynamics in liquid Cl)'Stais is less well understood. In an attempt to address this situation a NATO Advanced Study Institute devoted to liquid ctystal dynamics was held at n Ciocco, Barga, Italy in September 1989. This brought together experimentalists and theoreticians concerned with the various dynamical processes occurring in all liquid crystals. The skills of the participants was impressively wide ranging; they spanned the experimental techniques used in the study of molecular dynamics, the nature of the systems investigated and the theoretical models employed to understand the results. While much was learnt it was also recognised that much more needed to be done in order to advance our understanding of molecular dynamics in liquid Cl)'Stais.

Author : L Liebert
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323155991

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Liquid Crystals by L Liebert Pdf

Liquid Crystals provides information pertinent to the characterization and understanding of the liquid crystalline or ordered fluid. This book presents the important developments in the understanding of liquid crystals. Organized into seven chapters, this book begins with an overview of the various relations between liquid crystals and polymers. This text then examines the synthesis of very simple families of liquid crystals of the types required by the laboratory physicists. Other chapters consider the process of reorientation of the permanent dipole moments connected with changes in the field, which requires a definite time interval. This book discusses as well the lyotropic liquid crystals that can be formed by amphiphilic molecules as different as lipids and copolymers. The final chapter deals with the aspect of molecular pattern, which seems to be the most underestimated in the consideration of biological phenomena found in liquid crystal. This book is a valuable resource for scientists, physicists, and chemists.

Author : P S Pershan
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1988-10-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789814507509

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Structure of Liquid Crystal Phases by P S Pershan Pdf

Current understanding of different phases as well as the phase transitions between them has only been achieved following recent theoretical advances on the effects of dimensionality in statistical physics. P S Pershan explains the connection between these two separate areas and gives some examples of problems where the understanding is still not complete. The most important example is the second order phase transition between the nematic and smectic-A phase. Others include the relation between the several hexatic phases that have been observed and the first order restacking transitions between phases that were all previously identified as smectic-B, but which should more properly be identified as crystalline-B. Some relatively recent experimental developments on the discotic phase, liquid crystal surfaces and lyotropic phases are also included. The book includes 41 major reprints of some of the recent seminal work on the structure of liquid crystals. They are introduced by a brief review of the symmetries and other properties of liquid crystalline phases. In addition, there is a discussion of the differences between true liquid crystalline phases and others that were described as liquid crystalline in the early literature, but which have since been shown to be true three-dimensional crystals. The progression from the isotropic fluid, through the nematic, smectic, and various crystalline phases can be understood in terms of a systematic decrease in symmetry, together with an accompanying variation in structure is explained. A guide to the selected reprints and a sort of “Rosetta Stone” for these various phases is provided. The goal of this book is to explain the systematics of this progression to students and others that are new to this field, as well as to provide a useful handbook for people already working in the field. Contents:Phase Transitions and Continuous Symmetry BreakingNon-Perturbative Quantization of Topological SolitonsGauge Theories, including (the Infrared Problem in) Quantum ElectrodynamicsTriviality of λφ4Random Geometry (Quantum Gravity and Strings)Low-Dimensional QFT: Two-Dimensional Conformal Field Theory, Three-Dimensional (Gauge) Theories Readership: Applied physicists, physicists and chemists.

Author : Peter J. Collings
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Science
ISBN : 0691086729

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Liquid Crystals by Peter J. Collings Pdf

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