The Portuguese In The Age Of Discovery C 1340 1665

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The Portuguese in the Age of Discovery c.1340–1665

David Nicolle
The Portuguese in the Age of Discovery c 1340 1665 Book PDF

Author : David Nicolle
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2012-11-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781780961224

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The Portuguese in the Age of Discovery c.1340–1665 by David Nicolle Pdf

From humble beginnings, in the course of three centuries the Portuguese built the world's first truly global empire, stretching from modern Brazil to sub-Saharan Africa and from India to the East Indies (Indonesia). Portugal had established its present-day borders by 1300 and the following century saw extensive warfare that confirmed Portugal's independence and allowed it to aspire to maritime expansion, sponsored by monarchs such as Prince Henry the Navigator. During this nearly 300-year period, the Portuguese fought alongside other Iberian forces against the Moors of Andalusia; with English help successfully repelled a Castilian invasion (1385); fought the Moors in Morocco, and Africans, the Ottoman Turks, and the Spanish in colonial competition. The colourful and exotic Portuguese forces that prevailed in these battles on land and sea are the subject of this book.

The Portuguese in the Age of Discovery c.1340–1665

David Nicolle
The Portuguese in the Age of Discovery c 1340 1665 Book PDF

Author : David Nicolle
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-11-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781849088497

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The Portuguese in the Age of Discovery c.1340–1665 by David Nicolle Pdf

From humble beginnings, in the course of three centuries the Portuguese built the world's first truly global empire, stretching from modern Brazil to sub-Saharan Africa and from India to the East Indies (Indonesia). Portugal had established its present-day borders by 1300 and the following century saw extensive warfare that confirmed Portugal's independence and allowed it to aspire to maritime expansion, sponsored by monarchs such as Prince Henry the Navigator. During this nearly 300-year period, the Portuguese fought alongside other Iberian forces against the Moors of Andalusia; with English help successfully repelled a Castilian invasion (1385); fought the Moors in Morocco, and Africans, the Ottoman Turks, and the Spanish in colonial competition. The colourful and exotic Portuguese forces that prevailed in these battles on land and sea are the subject of this book.

Pedro Álvares Cabral

Ann Byers
Pedro lvares Cabral Book PDF

Author : Ann Byers
Publisher : The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-15
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781477788240

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Pedro Álvares Cabral by Ann Byers Pdf

Pedro Álvares Cabral sailed around the world for Portugal in the early sixteenth century. His efforts led to a treaty opening the spice trade with India, but also years of war between his men and the kingdom of Calicut. Along the way he also discovered Brazil, perhaps by accident, opening the door for centuries of Portuguese colonization there. This biography dives into Cabral’s background, his exploration assignments, and the impact—both positive and negative—of his voyages to India and Brazil.

The Dawning of the Apocalypse

Gerald Horne
The Dawning of the Apocalypse Book PDF

Author : Gerald Horne
Publisher : Monthly Review Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781583678725

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The Dawning of the Apocalypse by Gerald Horne Pdf

August 2019 saw numerous commemorations of the year 1619, when what was said to be the first arrival of enslaved Africans occurred in North America. Yet in the 1520s, the Spanish, from their imperial perch in Santo Domingo, had already brought enslaved Africans to what was to become South Carolina. The enslaved people here quickly defected to local Indigenous populations, and compelled their captors to flee. Deploying such illuminating research, The Dawning of the Apocalypse is a riveting revision of the “creation myth” of settler colonialism and how the United States was formed. Here, Gerald Horne argues forcefully that, in order to understand the arrival of colonists from the British Isles in the early seventeenth century, one must first understand the “long sixteenth century”– from 1492 until the arrival of settlers in Virginia in 1607. During this prolonged century, Horne contends, “whiteness” morphed into “white supremacy,” and allowed England to co-opt not only religious minorities but also various nationalities throughout Europe, thus forging a muscular bloc that was needed to confront rambunctious Indigenes and Africans. In retelling the bloodthirsty story of the invasion of the Americas, Horne recounts how the fierce resistance by Africans and their Indigenous allies weakened Spain and enabled London to dispatch settlers to Virginia in 1607. These settlers laid the groundwork for the British Empire and its revolting spawn that became the United States of America.

The New Zealand Wars 1820–72

Ian Knight
The New Zealand Wars 1820 72 Book PDF

Author : Ian Knight
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781780962795

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The New Zealand Wars 1820–72 by Ian Knight Pdf

Between 1845 and 1872, various groups of Maori were involved in a series of wars of resistance against British settlers. The Maori had a fierce and long-established warrior tradition and subduing them took a lengthy British Army commitment, only surpassed in the Victorian period by that on the North-West Frontier of India. Warfare had been endemic in pre-colonial New Zealand and Maori groups maintained fortified villages or pas. The small early British coastal settlements were tolerated, and in the 1820s a chief named Hongi Hika travelled to Britain with a missionary and returned laden with gifts. He promptly exchanged these for muskets, and began an aggressive 15-year expansion. By the 1860s many Maori had acquired firearms and had perfected their bush-warfare tactics. In the last phase of the wars a religious movement, Pai Maarire ('Hau Hau'), inspired remarkable guerrilla leaders such as Te Kooti Arikirangi to renewed resistance. This final phase saw a reduction in British Army forces. European victory was not total, but led to a negotiated peace that preserved some of the Maori people's territories and freedoms.

Lincoln’s 90-Day Volunteers 1861

Ron Field
Lincoln s 90 Day Volunteers 1861 Book PDF

Author : Ron Field
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-07-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781782009214

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Lincoln’s 90-Day Volunteers 1861 by Ron Field Pdf

On April 15th 1861, the day after the fall of Fort Sumter, President Abraham Lincoln issued a call for 75,000 volunteers to enlist for three months' service to defend the Union. This 90-day period proved entirely unrealistic and was followed by further, and much more extensive, mobilizations. Despite this, for the first few months the defence of the Capitol depended heavily on a hastily gathered, but extremely loyal, army of militiamen and volunteers. Mostly inexperienced, poorly trained, weakly officered, and provided with motley uniforms, equipment and weapons, they bought the Union time during the vital first months. Through a wide range of period sources, this title describes and illustrates the actual appearance of this diverse and colorful force, including photographs, eyewitness accounts in period newspapers and letters, the reports of government agents, and the records of the many manufacturers who received orders to clothe and equip their state troops.

Émigré and Foreign Troops in British Service (1)

René Chartrand
migr and Foreign Troops in British Service 1 Book PDF

Author : René Chartrand
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-10-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472807199

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Émigré and Foreign Troops in British Service (1) by René Chartrand Pdf

Following the Revolution in 1789, members of the aristocracy were increasingly persecuted, and many of them fled abroad. These exiles became known collectively as 'émigrés', and despite initial confusions and indecision, many of them were taken into British service. This fine text by René Chartrand examines the organisation, uniforms and insignia of the Émigré troops in British service from 1793 to 1802, accompanied by plenty of illustrations including eight full page colour plates by Patrice Courcelle.

The Barbary Pirates 15th-17th Centuries

Angus Konstam
The Barbary Pirates 15th 17th Centuries Book PDF

Author : Angus Konstam
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2016-08-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472815446

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The Barbary Pirates 15th-17th Centuries by Angus Konstam Pdf

For the best part of three centuries the 'corsairs' or pirates from the 'Barbary' coasts of North Africa dominated the Western and Central Mediterranean. They made forays far into the Atlantic, preying on the shipping and coastal settlements across Christian Europe, ranging from Greece to West Africa and the British Isles. In the absence of organized European navies they seldom faced serious opposition, and the scope of their raiding was remarkable. As well as piracy and slave-raiding they fought as privateers, sharing their spoils with the rulers of the port-cities that provided them with ships, men, and a ready market. This book examines their development and their style of fighting, chronicles their achievements and failures, and illustrates their appearance and that of their ships, explaining why they were so feared and effective.

The British Army 1939–45 (3)

Martin Brayley
The British Army 1939 45 3 Book PDF

Author : Martin Brayley
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472804525

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The British Army 1939–45 (3) by Martin Brayley Pdf

The lightning Japanese offensives in the Far East in 1941/42 inflicted a series of costly defeats on the ill-prepared and badly supported British Commonwealth forces in Malaya and Burma. The 'forgotten' 14th Army on the India-Burma border slowly built up its strength and its tactical expertise; and Wingate's 'Chindits' proved that units supplied from the air could operate deep behind enemy lines. In 1944 General Slim's troops decisively smashed Japan's last offensive at Imphal and Kohima; and over the next year they drove the enemy relentlessly back through Burma, reducing them to starving fugitives by the final victory in August 1945. This concise summary of Britain's Far East campaigns is illustrated with many rare photographs, and eight detailed colour plates.

Army of the Potomac

Philip Katcher
Army of the Potomac Book PDF

Author : Philip Katcher
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 118 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2013-08-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472805324

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Army of the Potomac by Philip Katcher Pdf

For General George B. McClellan, the dejected Union troops who poured into Washington fresh from defeat at Bull Run on Monday 22 July, 1861, were to provide the raw material which he would train, equip, organise and ultimately transform from a mere mob into an effective fighting force. In October 1861 the Army of the Potomac officially came into being. This entertaining volume from the same team of author Philip Katcher and artist Michael Youens who produced Men-at-Arms 37 The Army of Northern Virginia, explores how this transition came about, with a particular emphasis on weapons, uniforms and equipment.

The New Zealand Expeditionary Force in World War II

Wayne Stack,Barry O’Sullivan
The New Zealand Expeditionary Force in World War II Book PDF

Author : Wayne Stack,Barry O’Sullivan
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2013-03-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781780961132

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The New Zealand Expeditionary Force in World War II by Wayne Stack,Barry O’Sullivan Pdf

In 1939 more than 140,000 New Zealanders enlisted to fight overseas during World War II. Of these, 104,000 served in the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force. Initially thrown into the doomed campaign to halt the German blitzkrieg on Greece and Crete (1941), the division was rebuilt under the leadership of MajGen Sir Bernard Freyberg, and became the elite corps within Montgomery's Eighth Army in the desert. After playing a vital role in the victory at El Alamein (1942) the 'Kiwis' were the vanguard of the pursuit to Tunisia. In 1943–45 the division was heavily engaged in the Italian mountains, especially at Cassino (1944); it ended the war in Trieste. Meanwhile, a smaller NZ force supported US forces against the Japanese in the Solomons and New Guinea (1942–44). Fully illustrated with specially commissioned colour plates, this is the story of the Second New Zealand Expeditionary Force's vital contribution to Allied victory in World War II.

The Polish Army 1939–45

Steven J. Zaloga
The Polish Army 1939 45 Book PDF

Author : Steven J. Zaloga
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-06-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472804365

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The Polish Army 1939–45 by Steven J. Zaloga Pdf

Poland was the first of the Allied nations to succumb to German aggression in the Second World War, but by the most tortuous of routes her army managed to remain in the field through all five years of bloody fighting. Polish soldiers fought in nearly every major campaign in the European theatre, and their tale is a complicated and tragic one. This richly detailed text by Steven Zaloga relates the story of the Polish Army during the Second World War, from the first wave of Stukas in 1939 to its eventual conclusion.

German Combat Equipments 1939–45

Gordon L. Rottman
German Combat Equipments 1939 45 Book PDF

Author : Gordon L. Rottman
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2013-08-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472805287

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German Combat Equipments 1939–45 by Gordon L. Rottman Pdf

The field equipment of the German Army in World War II was closely related to that used throughout World War I and earlier, yet it was of relatively light weight, ruggedly constructed, well designed, functional, and generally of a high quality, though this deteriorated in the later war years. A high degree of design standardisation was maintained in most categories of equipment, though materials and their colours often varied widely. There were also many different specialisations for the various arms of service as well as theatres of combat, such as the Afrikakorps in the Western Desert. This title investigates all manner of German combat equipments throughout World War II, from belt buckles to magazine pouches.

French Foreign Legion

Martin Windrow
French Foreign Legion Book PDF

Author : Martin Windrow
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2013-08-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781846037238

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French Foreign Legion by Martin Windrow Pdf

Men of action and elite soldiers with a young and dynamic spirit, the French Foreign Legion are capable of doing their duty anywhere anytime. Martin Windrow's superb text examines the history of this famous force from the end of the Second World War onward. This first class addition to the Men-at-Arms series not only contains the usual wealth of accompanying photographs and illustrations, including eight full page colour plates by Mike Chappell, but is extended by a further 16 pages, allowing the author to display the full range of his expert knowledge, including 11 pages devoted to uniforms.

The Spanish Civil War 1936–39

Patrick Turnbull
The Spanish Civil War 1936 39 Book PDF

Author : Patrick Turnbull
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-06-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472804464

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The Spanish Civil War 1936–39 by Patrick Turnbull Pdf

By the spring of 1936 an armed clash was imminent between the forces of Spain's extreme Left and extreme Right. Viewed largely as a confrontation between democracy and fascism, the resulting civil war proved to be of enormous international significance. Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy intervened to assist General Franco, while the Soviet Union came to the aid of the Republican forces. This book explains the background to the war and charts the course of the nearly three-year long conflict through to General Franco's victory. Photographs and colour plates illustrate the uniforms and equipment of the Republican and Nationalist armies.