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The Problem of Hydrogen in Steel by A. R. Elsea,E. E. Fletcher Pdf
This memorandum introduces the problem of delayed, brittle failures associated with hydrogen in steel, particularly high-strength steel. It is intended to help the steel user determine if he has such a problem. The effects of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of steel are dealt with, and the behavior of material susceptible to delayed, brittle failure is described. Also, the effects of such factors as strength level, magnitude of applied stress, hydrogen content, steel composition, test temperature, and strain rate on hydrogen embrittlement and the susceptibility to hydrogen-induced, delayed, brittle failure are discussed. Possible sources of hydrogen in steel and the types of tests useful in determining the susceptibility to delayed failure are outlined. (Author).
Hydrogen in Steel: Effect of Hydrogen on Iron and Steel During Production, Fabrication, and Use focuses on the effect of hydrogen on iron and steel during production, fabrication, and use. Topics covered range from the solubility of hydrogen in iron and ferrous alloys to the diffusion and permeation of hydrogen through iron and steel. Electrochemical problems related to the ability of iron to absorb hydrogen from aqueous solutions are also considered. Comprised of 19 chapters, this book begins with a detailed treatment of the nature and properties of metal-hydrogen systems, paying particular attention to the behavior of hydrogen in the bulk of the metal phase and the mechanism of reactions between metals and hydrogen or hydrogen-producing compounds. The reader is then introduced to the solubility of hydrogen in iron and ferrous alloys as well as the nature of the final product of the hydrogen-iron interaction. Subsequent chapters deal with dimensional changes and stresses produced in steel by cathodically evolved hydrogen; the effects of hydrogen on the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of iron and steel; influence of welding on hydrogen; and sulfide corrosion cracking of steel. The effects of pickling on steel are also examined, along with the blistering and embrittlement caused by hydrogen on the base metal during electroplating. This book will be of value to students and practitioners in the field of physical chemistry.
The Effects of High Pressure, High Temperature Hydrogen on Steel by Ellis E. Fletcher,A. R. Elsea Pdf
This report deals with the deleterious effects of hydrogen gas on steel at elevated temperatures and/or pressures. Hydrogen attack on steels is manifest as decarburization, intergranular fissuring, or blistering. These conditions result in lowered tensile strength, ductility, and impact strength. The reaction of hydrogen with iron carbide to form methane is probably the most important chemical reaction involved in the attack on steel by hydrogen. Attack of steel at elevated temperatures and pressures is limited or prevented by the following measures: (1) use of steel alloyed with strong carbide-forming elements, (2) use of liners of resistant alloy steels, and (3) substitution of resistant nonferrous alloys.
Gaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement of Materials in Energy Technologies by Richard P Gangloff,Brian P Somerday Pdf
Many modern energy systems are reliant on the production, transportation, storage, and use of gaseous hydrogen. The safety, durability, performance and economic operation of these systems is challenged by operating-cycle dependent degradation by hydrogen of otherwise high performance materials. This important two-volume work provides a comprehensive and authoritative overview of the latest research into managing hydrogen embrittlement in energy technologies.Volume 1 is divided into three parts, the first of which provides an overview of the hydrogen embrittlement problem in specific technologies including petrochemical refining, automotive hydrogen tanks, nuclear waste disposal and power systems, and H2 storage and distribution facilities. Part two then examines modern methods of characterization and analysis of hydrogen damage and part three focuses on the hydrogen degradation of various alloy classesWith its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Volume 1 of Gaseous hydrogen embrittlement of materials in energy technologies is an invaluable reference tool for engineers, designers, materials scientists, and solid mechanicians working with safety-critical components fabricated from high performance materials required to operate in severe environments based on hydrogen. Impacted technologies include aerospace, petrochemical refining, gas transmission, power generation and transportation. Summarises the wealth of recent research on understanding and dealing with the safety, durability, performance and economic operation of using gaseous hydrogen at high pressure Reviews how hydrogen embrittlement affects particular sectors such as the petrochemicals, automotive and nuclear industries Discusses how hydrogen embrittlement can be characterised and its effects on particular alloy classes
Fundamentals of Hydrogen Embrittlement by Michihiko Nagumo Pdf
This book is the second edition of the one originally published in 2016, as the first comprehensive treatment on the fundamentals of hydrogen embrittlement of metallic materials, mainly steel. The book provides students and researchers engaging in hydrogen problems with a unified view of the subject. Establishing reliable principles for materials design against hydrogen embrittlement and assessing their performance are recent urgent industrial needs in developing high-strength steel for hydrogen energy equipment and weight-reducing vehicles. The interdisciplinary nature of the subject, covering metal physics, materials science, and mechanics of fracture, has disturbed a profound understanding of the problem. In this book, previous studies are critically reviewed, and supplemental descriptions of fundamental ideas are presented when necessary. Emphasis is placed on experimental facts, with particular attention to their implication rather than phenomenological appearance. The adopted experimental conditions are also noted since the operating mechanism of hydrogen might differ by material and environment. For theories, employed assumptions and premises are noted to examine their versatility. Progress in the past decade in experimental and theoretical tools is remarkable and has nearly unveiled characteristic features of hydrogen embrittlement. Proposed models have almost covered feasible aspects of the function of hydrogen. This second edition has enriched the contents with recent crucial findings. Chapters on the manifestation of embrittlement in the deterioration of mechanical properties and microscopic features are reorganized, and the description is revised for the convenience of readers’ systematic understanding. A new chapter is created for delayed fracture in atmospheric environments as a conclusive subject of critical ideas presented in this book.
Advances in Hydrogen Embrittlement Study by Vladimir A. Polyanskiy,Alexander K. Belyaev Pdf
The book presents a collection of chapters on the current problems associated with hydrogen damage. It discusses the effect of hydrogen on material properties and its interaction with the material microstructure, physical features of hydrogen transport in metals and alloys, as well as applicable methods of measuring concentration of hydrogen in solid media.
Solutions to Hydrogen Attack in Steels by P. F. Timmins Pdf
This book is designed to help metallurgical, chemical, mechanical and reliability engineers responsible for the safe operation and maintenance of equipment made of steel.
Effects of Hydrogen on Materials by Brian Somerday,Petros Sofronis,Russell H. Jones Pdf
Research and commercial activity in developing hydrogen as a fuel is driving increased attention on hydrogen-materials interactions. In particular, a renewed and intensifying interest in developing hydrogen fuel cells has prompted extensive research with the objective to enable the safe design of components for transporting and storing hydrogen fuel. This volume is the proceedings from the premier conference on hydrogen effects in materials, bridging scientific research and engineering applications. The proceedings volume highlights several themes: the technological importance of hydrogen effects on structural materials; the impact of bridging science and engineering; and the opportunity to apply new research tools, including simulation techniques as well as experimental methods.
Hydrogen Movement in Steel by Ellis E. Fletcher,Arthur R. Elsea Pdf
This report discusses the ways in which H2 enters steels, how it moves through steel, and methods whereby it may be removed from steel. The solubility of H2 is important in understanding other aspects of the behavior of H2 in steel and such aspects of solubility as preferred lattice sites, lattice expansion, measurements of solubility, and estimates of equilibrium H2 pressure in steel are discussed. The permeation of H2 through steel consisting of interactions at both the entry and exit surfaces of the metal as well as diffusion through the bulk metal is discussed. The various possibilities of H2 entry by corrosion processes, electrochemical processes, and other means are considered as well as factors which influence the rate of H2 removal from iron and steel. (Author).
Welding Steels Without Hydrogen Cracking by Norman Bailey,F R Coe,T G Gooch,P H M Hart,N Jenkins,R J Pargeter Pdf
A comprehensive guide to avoiding hydrogen cracking which serves as an essential problem-solver for anyone involved in the welding of ferritic steels. The authors provide a lucid and thorough explanation of the theoretical background to the subject but the main emphasis throughout is firmly on practice.
