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The Public Shaping of Medical Research by Peter Wehling,Willy Viehöver,Sophia Koenen Pdf
Bringing together an international selection of leading scholars and representatives from patients’ organizations, this comprehensive collection explores the interaction between civil society groups and biomedical science, technology development, and research politics. This volume is an important reference for academics and researchers with an interest in the sociology of health and illness, science and technology studies, the sociology of knowledge or healthcare management and research, as well as medical researchers and those involved with health-related civil society organizations.
The Public Shaping of Medical Research by Peter Wehling,Willy Viehöver,Sophia Koenen Pdf
Patient organizations and social health movements offer one of the most important and illuminating examples of civil society engagement and participation in scientific research and research politics. Influencing the research agenda, and initiating, funding and accelerating the development of diagnostic tools, effective therapies and appropriate health-care for their area of interest, they may champion alternative, sometimes controversial, programs or critique dominant medical paradigms. Some movements and organizations advocate for medical recognition of contested illnesses, as with fibromyalgia orADHD, while some attempt to "de-medicalize" others, such as obesity or autism. Bringing together an international selection of leading scholars and representatives from patients' organizations, this comprehensive collection explores the interaction between civil society groups and biomedical science, technology development, and research politics. It takes stock of the key findings of the research conducted in the field over the past two decades and addresses emerging problems and future challenges concerning the interrelations between health movements and patient organisations on the one hand, and biomedical research and research policies on the other hand. Combining empirical case studies with conceptual discussion, the book discusses how public participation can contribute to, as well as restrict, the democratization of scientific knowledge production. This volume is an important reference for academics and researchers with an interest in the sociology of health and illness, science and technology studies, the sociology of knowledge, medical ethics or healthcare management and research, as well as medical researchers and those involved with health-related civil society organizations.
Animals and the Shaping of Modern Medicine by Abigail Woods,Michael Bresalier,Angela Cassidy,Rachel Mason Dentinger Pdf
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book breaks new ground by situating animals and their diseases at the very heart of modern medicine. In demonstrating their historical significance as subjects and shapers of medicine, it offers important insights into past animal lives, and reveals that what we think of as ‘human’ medicine was in fact deeply zoological. Each chapter analyses an important episode in which animals changed and were changed by medicine. Ranging across the animal inhabitants of Britain’s zoos, sick sheep on Scottish farms, unproductive livestock in developing countries, and the tapeworms of California and Beirut, they illuminate the multi-species dimensions of modern medicine and its rich historical connections with biology, zoology, agriculture and veterinary medicine. The modern movement for One Health – whose history is also analyzed – is therefore revealed as just the latest attempt to improve health by working across species and disciplines. This book will appeal to historians of animals, science and medicine, to those involved in the promotion and practice of One Health today.
Based on extensive observations, interviews, and archival research, this book provides an in-depth insight into one of the most crucial forms of regulation around medical research: Research Ethics Committees. Every month, groups of people from all over the United Kingdom decide what kind of research should be carried out on patients within the National Health Service. These groups – Research Ethics Committees (RECs) – made up of doctors, nurses, researchers, and members of the general public – help shape the future of medicine, and play a crucial role in the regulation of a wide range of research from social science to epidemiology, vaccine and drugs trials, and surgery. In providing one of the first empirical examinations of this kind of regulation, this book highlights how, despite the trappings of a modern regulatory system, REC decision making revolves around outdated aspects of social life. Hedgecoe argues that an accurate understanding of this kind of regulation requires an acceptance of the inherently social nature of the processes involved. In placing trust at the centre of ethics decision making, this book challenges the impersonal, de-socialised, and mechanical models of REC decision making that dominate mainstream accounts, and documents the subtle, messy, and complex way in which these bodies decide what kind of research should take place.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information: The HIPAA Privacy Rule
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information: The HIPAA Privacy Rule Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 334 pages File Size : 40,5 Mb Release : 2009-03-24 Category : Computers ISBN : 9780309124997
Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information: The HIPAA Privacy Rule Pdf
In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical health research, Congress called for a set of federal standards now known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule. In its 2009 report, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information concludes that the HIPAA Privacy Rule does not protect privacy as well as it should, and that it impedes important health research.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st Century
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st Century Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 536 pages File Size : 44,7 Mb Release : 2003-02-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309133180
The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee on Assuring the Health of the Public in the 21st Century Pdf
The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 583 pages File Size : 41,7 Mb Release : 2017-04-27 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309452960
Communities in Action by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Community-Based Solutions to Promote Health Equity in the United States Pdf
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
A critical examination of translational medicine, when private risk is transferred to the public sector and university research teams become tech startups for global investors. A global shift has secretly transformed science and medicine. Starting in 2003, biomedical research in the West has been reshaped by the emergence of translational science and medicine—the idea that the aim of research is to translate findings as quickly as possible into medical products. In The Market in Mind, Mark Dennis Robinson charts this shift, arguing that the new research paradigm has turned university research teams into small biotechnology startups and their industry partners into early-stage investment firms. There is also a larger, surprising consequence from this shift: according to Robinson, translational science and medicine enable biopharmaceutical firms, as part of a broader financial strategy, to outsource the riskiest parts of research to nonprofit universities. Robinson examines the implications of this new configuration. What happens, for example, when universities absorb unknown levels of risk? Robinson argues that in the years since the global financial crisis translational science and medicine has brought about “the financialization of health.” Robinson explores such topics as shareholder anxiety and industry retreat from Alzheimer's and depression research; how laboratory research is understood as health innovation even when there is no product; the emergence of investor networking events as crucial for viewing science in a market context; and the place of patients in research decisions. Although translational medicine justifies itself by the goal of relieving patients' suffering, Robinson finds patients' voices largely marginalized in translational neuroscience.
Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health,Division of Health Care Services,Institute of Medicine
Author : Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health,Division of Health Care Services,Institute of Medicine Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 240 pages File Size : 50,9 Mb Release : 1988-01-15 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309581905
The Future of Public Health by Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health,Division of Health Care Services,Institute of Medicine Pdf
"The Nation has lost sight of its public health goals and has allowed the system of public health to fall into 'disarray'," from The Future of Public Health. This startling book contains proposals for ensuring that public health service programs are efficient and effective enough to deal not only with the topics of today, but also with those of tomorrow. In addition, the authors make recommendations for core functions in public health assessment, policy development, and service assurances, and identify the level of government--federal, state, and local--at which these functions would best be handled.
Shaping Health Policy Through Nursing Research by Ada Sue Hinshaw, PhD, RN, FAAN,Patricia A. Grady, PhD, RN, FAAN Pdf
Named a 2013 Doody's Core Title! 2011 AJN Book of the Year Winner in Nursing Research! "This is a much needed addition to nursing's arsenal of policy books. It is the first to really examine the need for scientific evidence to underpin policy. The two editors are pioneers in research and have led nursing research to new levels. It is fitting they do the same in underscoring the important role nurses have in using their programs of research to develop policy agendas."Score: 94, 4 stars --Doody's A must-read for health care policy makers, as well as nursing students, faculty, and professionals, this groundbreaking text provides actual strategies for translating nursing research to health policy at all levels of policy-making. The editors, both leaders in nursing research, provide key findings from research programs that have positively influenced health policy decisions and programs at community, state, national, and international levels. The first compilation of information linking health policy and nursing research, this text presents perspectives and frameworks for understanding the processes bridging research and health policy; multiple factors influencing the processes; and actual examples of National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)-funded research that has influenced health policy programs. Key Features: Examples of NINR-funded research that has been used at all levels to influence health policy, including settings, populations, and age spectrums Models and strategies for linking research and health policy Lessons learned from pioneer nurse scientists who have shaped health policy with nursing research Recommendations for improving nurses' work environments for better patient outcomes
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 436 pages File Size : 54,7 Mb Release : 2009-09-16 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309145442
Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice Pdf
Collaborations of physicians and researchers with industry can provide valuable benefits to society, particularly in the translation of basic scientific discoveries to new therapies and products. Recent reports and news stories have, however, documented disturbing examples of relationships and practices that put at risk the integrity of medical research, the objectivity of professional education, the quality of patient care, the soundness of clinical practice guidelines, and the public's trust in medicine. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice provides a comprehensive look at conflict of interest in medicine. It offers principles to inform the design of policies to identify, limit, and manage conflicts of interest without damaging constructive collaboration with industry. It calls for both short-term actions and long-term commitments by institutions and individuals, including leaders of academic medical centers, professional societies, patient advocacy groups, government agencies, and drug, device, and pharmaceutical companies. Failure of the medical community to take convincing action on conflicts of interest invites additional legislative or regulatory measures that may be overly broad or unduly burdensome. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice makes several recommendations for strengthening conflict of interest policies and curbing relationships that create risks with little benefit. The book will serve as an invaluable resource for individuals and organizations committed to high ethical standards in all realms of medicine.
Advances in Healthcare Technology by Gerhard Spekowius,Thomas Wendler Pdf
Improving healthcare and staying healthy is one of the most discussed and important issues in our society. Technology has played and will play an important role in many aspects of the healthcare system, and it offers new and better ways to solve the key health problems of the new century. This book describes valued contributions of technology for improving hospital and home healthcare, and gives a perspective on how they will influence critical aspects of future medical care. It provides an overview and discussion of trends, presents the state-of-the-art of important research areas, and highlights recent breakthrough results in selected fields, giving an outlook on game-changing developments in the coming decades. The material is arranged in 6 parts and a total of 31 chapters. The healthcare areas addressed are: General advances and trends in healthcare technology, diagnostic imaging, integration of imaging and therapy, molecular medicine, medical information technology and personal healthcare.
Using Nursing Research to Shape Health Policy by Patricia A. Grady, PhD, RN, FAAN,Ada Sue Hinshaw, PhD, RN, FAAN Pdf
Examining the crucial interrelationship between nursing research and health policy, this book presents examples of specific health care policy that has been influenced, implemented, or changed as a result of nursing research. It builds on the discussion of this relationship as described in the editors' earlier book, Shaping Health Policy through Nursing Research, named a Doody's Core Title in 2013 and an AJN Book of the Year in 2011. This current edition updates earlier information with new nursing research by esteemed scholars. It encompasses research related to major policy statements of the decade, including the IOM Future of Nursing report, the Affordable Care Act, and the Blueprint for Genomics in Nursing, and highlights how they have influenced, and will continue to influence, health policy. Written for multiple audiences including undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, and nursing professionals, the book presents information on how science shapes health policy in general, models and strategies for linking research and health policy, and multiple examples of how major nursing research has influenced health policy. The text provides both a conceptual orientation and an operational approach to strategies linking research to policy and influencing policy makers at the organizational, community, state, national, and international levels. Key Features: Offers examples of cutting edge nursing research that provides a foundation for practice and policy Incorporates major policy directives of this decade and highlights how nursing research has influenced health policy Demonstrates to undergraduate and graduate students, faculty, and nursing professionals how nursing research can shape health policy decisions Includes perspectives, models and strategies for using nursing research to influence health policy Addresses how nursing research shapes policy at organizational, community, state, national, and international levels
Essentials of Public Health Research Methods by Richard A. Crosby,Laura F. Salazar Pdf
Part of the Essential Public Health Series, Essentials of Public Health Research Methods is specifically written for undergraduate students studying public health who want to fully understand the range of research methods as applied to public health. Using the circular model of public health research as an overarching framework, Essentials of Public Health Research Methods provides a clear, time-tested methodology that leads students step-by-step through the research process -- from framing the questions, identifying the study design and choosing methodology to collecting and analyzing data, and disseminating research findings. By following this process, students learn about various facets of public health, while also learning how to select and apply various research methodologies.
Shaping Health Policy by Exworthy, Mark,Peckham, Stephen,Martin Powell Pdf
This collection, written by leading health policy researchers, examines the role that case-studies play in British health policy, covering key health policy literatures in the policy process, analytical frameworks and seminal moments of the NHS.