The Public Value Of Science

Author : Heather Douglas
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2009-07-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780822973577

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Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal by Heather Douglas Pdf

The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be “value-free.” In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence. Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.

Author : James Wilsdon,Jack Stilgoe,Brian Wynne
Publisher : Demos Medical Publishing
Page : 67 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Science
ISBN : 1841801518

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The Public Value of Science by James Wilsdon,Jack Stilgoe,Brian Wynne Pdf

Author : Adam Lindgreen,Nicole Koenig-Lewis,Martin Kitchener,John D Brewer,Mark H. Moore,Timo Meynhardt
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 475 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019-05-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351671156

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Public Value by Adam Lindgreen,Nicole Koenig-Lewis,Martin Kitchener,John D Brewer,Mark H. Moore,Timo Meynhardt Pdf

Over the last 10 years, the concept of value has emerged in both business and public life as part of an important process of measuring, benchmarking, and assuring the resources we invest and the outcomes we generate from our activities. In the context of public life, value is an important measure on the contribution to business and social good of activities for which strict financial measures are either inappropriate or fundamentally unsound. A systematic, interdisciplinary examination of public value is necessary to establish an essential definition and up-to-date picture of the field. In reflecting on the ‘public value project’, this book points to how the field has broadened well beyond its original focus on public sector management; has deepened in terms of the development of the analytical concepts and frameworks that linked the concepts together; and has been applied increasingly in concrete circumstances by academics, consultants, and practitioners. This book covers three main topics; deepening and enriching the theory of creating public value, broadening the theory and practice of creating public value to voluntary and commercial organisations and collaborative networks, and the challenge and opportunity that the concept of public value poses to social science and universities. Collectively, it offers new ways of looking at public and social assets against a backdrop of increasing financial pressure; new insights into changing social attitudes and perceptions of value; and new models for increasingly complicated collaborative forms of service delivery, involving public, private, and not-for-profit players.

Author : Mark H. Moore
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 415 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-02-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780674071377

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Recognizing Public Value by Mark H. Moore Pdf

Mark H. Moore’s now classic Creating Public Value offered advice to public managers about how to create public value. But that book left a key question unresolved: how could one recognize (in an accounting sense) when public value had been created? Here, Moore closes the gap by setting forth a philosophy of performance measurement that will help public managers name, observe, and sometimes count the value they produce, whether in education, public health, safety, crime prevention, housing, or other areas. Blending case studies with theory, he argues that private sector models built on customer satisfaction and the bottom line cannot be transferred to government agencies. The Public Value Account (PVA), which Moore develops as an alternative, outlines the values that citizens want to see produced by, and reflected in, agency operations. These include the achievement of collectively defined missions, the fairness with which agencies operate, and the satisfaction of clients and other stake-holders. But strategic public managers also have to imagine and execute strategies that sustain or increase the value they create into the future. To help public managers with that task, Moore offers a Public Value Scorecard that focuses on the actions necessary to build legitimacy and support for the envisioned value, and on the innovations that have to be made in existing operational capacity. Using his scorecard, Moore evaluates the real-world management strategies of such former public managers as D.C. Mayor Anthony Williams, NYPD Commissioner William Bratton, and Commissioner of the Minnesota Department of Revenue John James.

Author : John Willinsky
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2002-05-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781135958749

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If Only We Knew by John Willinsky Pdf

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Author : Mark H. Moore
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1997-03-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780674248786

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Creating Public Value by Mark H. Moore Pdf

A seminal figure in the field of public management, Mark H. Moore presents his summation of fifteen years of research, observation, and teaching about what public sector executives should do to improve the performance of public enterprises. Useful for both practicing public executives and those who teach them, this book explicates some of the richest of several hundred cases used at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government and illuminates their broader lessons for government managers. Moore addresses four questions that have long bedeviled public administration: What should citizens and their representatives expect and demand from public executives? What sources can public managers consult to learn what is valuable for them to produce? How should public managers cope with inconsistent and fickle political mandates? How can public managers find room to innovate? Moore’s answers respond to the well-understood difficulties of managing public enterprises in modern society by recommending specific, concrete changes in the practices of individual public managers: how they envision what is valuable to produce, how they engage their political overseers, and how they deliver services and fulfill obligations to clients. Following Moore’s cases, we witness dilemmas faced by a cross-section of public managers: William Ruckelshaus and the Environmental Protection Agency; Jerome Miller and the Department of Youth Services; Miles Mahoney and the Park Plaza Redevelopment Project; David Sencer and the swine flu scare; Lee Brown and the Houston Police Department; Harry Spence and the Boston Housing Authority. Their work, together with Moore’s analysis, reveals how public managers can achieve their true goal of producing public value.

Author : John D. Brewer
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781780931746

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The Public Value of the Social Sciences by John D. Brewer Pdf

John Brewer explores the essential nature of the social sciences and the ways in which notions of 'impact' and 'value' could be reframed to generate a more productive debate around their contribution to the good of society.

Author : National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1995-02-10
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0309051967

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On Being a Scientist by National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy Pdf

Since the first edition of On Being a Scientist was published in 1989, more than 200,000 copies have been distributed to graduate and undergraduate science students. Now this well-received booklet has been updated to incorporate the important developments in science ethics of the past 6 years and includes updated examples and material from the landmark volume Responsible Science (National Academy Press, 1992). The revision reflects feedback from readers of the original version. In response to graduate students' requests, it offers several case studies in science ethics that pose provocative and realistic scenarios of ethical dilemmas and issues. On Being a Scientist presents penetrating discussions of the social and historical context of science, the allocation of credit for discovery, the scientist's role in society, the issues revolving around publication, and many other aspects of scientific work. The booklet explores the inevitable conflicts that arise when the black and white areas of science meet the gray areas of human values and biases. Written in a conversational style, this booklet will be of great interest to students entering scientific research, their instructors and mentors, and anyone interested in the role of scientific discovery in society.

Author : Philip Kitcher
Publisher : Prometheus Books
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2011-09-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781616144081

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Science in a Democratic Society by Philip Kitcher Pdf

In this successor to his pioneering Science, Truth, and Democracy, the author revisits the topic explored in his previous work—namely, the challenges of integrating science, the most successful knowledge-generating system of all time, with the problems of democracy. But in this new work, the author goes far beyond that earlier book in studying places at which the practice of science fails to answer social needs. He considers a variety of examples of pressing concern, ranging from climate change to religiously inspired constraints on biomedical research to the neglect of diseases that kill millions of children annually, analyzing the sources of trouble. He shows the fallacies of thinking that democracy always requires public debate of issues most people cannot comprehend, and argues that properly constituted expertise is essential to genuine democracy. No previous book has treated the place of science in democratic society so comprehensively and systematically, with attention to different aspects of science and to pressing problems of our times.

Author : Harold Kincaid,John Dupre,Alison Wylie
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2007-03-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190294793

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Value-Free Science by Harold Kincaid,John Dupre,Alison Wylie Pdf

It has long been thought that science is our best hope for realizing objective knowledge, but that, to deliver on this promise, it must be value free. Things are not so simple, however, as recent work in science studies makes clear. The contributors to this volume investigate where and how values are involved in science, and examine the implications of this involvement for ideals of objectivity.

Author : Robert Proctor
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : History
ISBN : 067493170X

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Value-free Science? by Robert Proctor Pdf

Proctor lucidly demonstrates how value-neutrality is a reaction to larger political developments, including the use of science by government and industry, the specialization of professional disciplines, and the efforts to stifle intellectual freedoms or to politicize the world of the academy.

Author : Arjen Boin,Lauren A. Fahy,Paul 't Hart
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Political planning
ISBN : 9783030517014

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Guardians of Public Value by Arjen Boin,Lauren A. Fahy,Paul 't Hart Pdf

This open access book presents case studies of twelve organisations which the public have come to view as institutions. From the BBC to Doctors Without Borders, from the Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra to CERN, this volume examines how some organisations rise to prominence and remain in high public esteem through changing and challenging times. It builds upon the scholarly tradition of institutional scholarship pioneered by Philip Selznick, and highlights common themes in the stories of these highly diverse organizations; demonstrating how leadership, learning, and luck all play a role in becoming and remaining an institution. This case study format makes this volume ideal for classroom use and practitioners alike. In an era where public institutions are increasingly under threat, this volume offers concrete lessons for contemporary organisation leaders. Arjen Boin is Professor of Public Institutions and Governance at the Department of Political Science, Leiden University, Netherlands. Paul 't Hart is Professor of Public Administration at the Utrecht School of Governance, Utrecht University, Netherlands. Lauren A. Fahy is a PhD Fellow at the Utrecht School of Governance, Utrecht University, Netherlands.

Author : Hans Peter Beck,Panagiotis Charitos
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2020-10-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030523916

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The Economics of Big Science by Hans Peter Beck,Panagiotis Charitos Pdf

The essays in this open access volume identify the key ingredients for success in capitalizing on public investments in scientific projects and the development of large-scale research infrastructures. Investment in science – whether in education and training or through public funding for developing new research tools and technologies – is a crucial priority. Authors from big research laboratories/organizations, funding agencies and academia discuss how investing in science can produce societal benefits as well as identifying future challenges for scientists and policy makers. The volume cites different ways to assess the socio-economic impact of Research Infrastructures and their role as hubs of global collaboration, creativity and innovation. It highlights the different benefits stemming from fundamental research at the local, national and global level, while also inviting us to rethink the notion of “benefit” in the 21st century. Public investment is required to maintain the pace of technological and scientific advancements over the next decades. Far from advocating a radical transformation and massive expansion in funding, the authors suggest ways for maintaining a strong foundation of science and research to ensure that we continue to benefit from the outputs. The volume draws inspiration from the first “Economics of Big Science” workshop, held in Brussels in 2019 with the aim of creating a new space for dialogue and interaction between representatives of Big Science organizations, policy makers and academia. It aspires to provide useful reading for policy makers, scientists and students of science, who are increasingly called upon to explain the value of fundamental research and adopt the language and logic of economics when engaging in policy discussions.

Author : Peter Machamer,Gereon Wolters
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
Page : 317 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Science
ISBN : 082295947X

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Science, Values, and Objectivity by Peter Machamer,Gereon Wolters Pdf

Collection of essays that identify the values crucial to science, distinguish some of the criteria that can be used for value identification, and elaborate the conditions for warranting certain values as necessary or central to scientific research.

Author : John M. Bryson,Barbara C. Crosby,Laura Bloomberg
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 431 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781482214611

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Creating Public Value in Practice by John M. Bryson,Barbara C. Crosby,Laura Bloomberg Pdf

Creating Public Value in Practice: Advancing the Common Good in a Multi-Sector, Shared-Power, No-One-Wholly-in-Charge World brings together a stellar cast of thinkers to explore issues of public and cross-sector decision-making within a framework of democratic civic engagement. It offers an integrative approach to understanding and applying the con