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The Quetzal and the Macaw by David Rains Wallace Pdf
Wallace details the unbelievable diversity of life in this rich land: pumas, ocelots, peccaries, howler monkeys--and the scarlet macaws and resplendent quetzals, the birds symbolizing two of Costa Rica's earliest parks. The park system became the nucleus of a socio-political network that has successfully battled loggers, miners, ranchers, and government development agencies. Enlivened throughout by the voices of people actually involved in establishing and managing the parks and preserves, Wallace's narrative is by turns suspenseful, humorous, and inspiring.
“A prodigious work of unmatched interdisciplinary scholarship” on Maya astronomy and religion (Journal of Interdisciplinary History). Observations of the sun, moon, planets, and stars played a central role in ancient Maya lifeways, as they do today among contemporary Maya who maintain the traditional ways. This pathfinding book reconstructs ancient Maya astronomy and cosmology through the astronomical information encoded in Pre-Columbian Maya art and confirmed by the current practices of living Maya peoples. Susan Milbrath opens the book with a discussion of modern Maya beliefs about astronomy, along with essential information on naked-eye observation. She devotes subsequent chapters to Pre-Columbian astronomical imagery, which she traces back through time, starting from the Colonial and Postclassic eras. She delves into many aspects of the Maya astronomical images, including the major astronomical gods and their associated glyphs, astronomical almanacs in the Maya codices and changes in the imagery of the heavens over time. This investigation yields new data and a new synthesis of information about the specific astronomical events and cycles recorded in Maya art and architecture. Indeed, it constitutes the first major study of the relationship between art and astronomy in ancient Maya culture. “Milbrath has given us a comprehensive reference work that facilitates access to a very broad and varied body of literature spanning several disciplines.” ―Isis “Destined to become a standard reference work on Maya archeoastronomy . . . Utterly comprehensive.” —Andrea Stone, Professor of Art History, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
The A to Z of Ancient Mesoamerica by Joel W. Palka Pdf
Ancient Mesoamerica drew world interest in the 19th century when photographs, drawings, and descriptions of discoveries of ruined cities in exotic locations in Mexico and Central America were published. These accounts from early explorers, archaeologists, and travelers made the cultures and archaeological sites of ancient Mesoamerica including the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Mixtec, Tarascan, Toltec, Zapotec, and other civilizations a major focus of intensive research, public and private funding, and lay interest. The A to Z of Ancient Mesoamerica covers some of the major discoveries throughout ancient Mesoamerica from the last 100 years. The results of previous and continuing research and explorations, plus recent interpretations of ancient cultures and new work at archaeological sites in Mesoamerica are summarized here. Included in this volume are information and insights on archaeological sites, material culture, social and economic organization, religion and belief systems, and the social history of ancient Mesoamerica. The entries contain geographical, chronological, historical, and interpretive data that serve as a condensed and accessible resource of reference material. Also presented here are select historical personages of ancient times and some brief notes on their lives and accomplishments taken from hieroglyphic texts, painted books or codices, and written documents and oral histories from the colonial period. With a bibliography and chronology, this text will be the perfect starting point for high school or undergraduate research, and a helpful ready-reference for more experienced scholars.
Author : Elizabeth A. Newsome Publisher : University of Texas Press Page : 294 pages File Size : 51,8 Mb Release : 2010-07-05 Category : Social Science ISBN : 9780292788022
Trees of Paradise and Pillars of the World by Elizabeth A. Newsome Pdf
Assemblies of rectangular stone pillars, or stelae, fill the plazas and courts of ancient Maya cities throughout the lowlands of southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and western Honduras. Mute testimony to state rituals that linked the king's power to rule with the rhythms and renewal of time, the stelae document the ritual acts of rulers who sacrificed, danced, and experienced visionary ecstasy in connection with celebrations marking the end of major calendrical cycles. The kings' portraits are carved in relief on the main surfaces of the stones, deifying them as incarnations of the mythical trees of life. Based on a thorough analysis of the imagery and inscriptions of seven stelae erected in the Great Plaza at Copan, Honduras, by the Classic Period ruler "18-Rabbit-God K," this ambitious study argues that stelae were erected not only to support a ruler's temporal claims to power but more importantly to express the fundamental connection in Maya worldview between rulership and the cosmology inherent in their vision of cyclical time. After an overview of the archaeology and history of Copan and the reign and monuments of "18-Rabbit-God K," Elizabeth Newsome interprets the iconography and inscriptions on the stelae, illustrating the way they fulfilled a coordinated vision of the king's ceremonial role in Copan's period-ending rites. She also links their imagery to key Maya concepts about the origin of the universe, expressed in the cosmologies and mythic lore of ancient and living Maya peoples.
Author : Alfred M. Tozzer,Glover M. Allen Publisher : Good Press Page : 98 pages File Size : 40,7 Mb Release : 2023-08-22 Category : Fiction ISBN : EAN:8596547528432
Animal Figures in the Maya Codices by Alfred M. Tozzer,Glover M. Allen Pdf
"Animal Figures in the Maya Codices" by Alfred M. Tozzer, Glover M. Allen. Published by Good Press. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. Each Good Press edition has been meticulously edited and formatted to boost readability for all e-readers and devices. Our goal is to produce eBooks that are user-friendly and accessible to everyone in a high-quality digital format.
Christopher W Schwartz,Stephen Plog,Patricia A. Gilman
Author : Christopher W Schwartz,Stephen Plog,Patricia A. Gilman Publisher : University of Arizona Press Page : 385 pages File Size : 55,5 Mb Release : 2022-03-15 Category : Social Science ISBN : 9780816544745
Birds of the Sun by Christopher W Schwartz,Stephen Plog,Patricia A. Gilman Pdf
"The multiple, vivid colors of scarlet macaws and their ability to mimic human speech are key reasons they were and are significant to the Native peoples of the southwestern U.S. and northwest New Mexico. Although the birds' natural habitat is the tropical forests of Mexico and Central America, they were present at multiple archaeological sites in the region. Leading experts in southwestern archaeology explore the reasons why"--
The Ancient American World by William Leonard Fash,Mary E. Lyons Pdf
Middle schoolers never had it so good! Complete your ancient history collection with this series for students in grades 6 -8. A unique and engrossing collaboration between scholars and young adult fiction writers, The World in Ancient Times covers the ancient world from India to Greece, America to China. Each chapter is filled to the brim with the widest possible range of primary sources, giving each history lesson the texture missing from many general introductions.
Author : Ellen E. Bell,Marcello A. Canuto,Robert J. Sharer Publisher : UPenn Museum of Archaeology Page : 484 pages File Size : 51,7 Mb Release : 2004 Category : Architecture ISBN : 1931707510
Understanding Early Classic Copan by Ellen E. Bell,Marcello A. Canuto,Robert J. Sharer Pdf
The book is not just multidisciplinary but interdisciplinary, linking, for example, the architecture of monuments with epigraphy, language concepts, and human events.
The ancient Mesoamerican city of Izapa in Chiapas, Mexico, is renowned for its extensive collection of elaborate stone stelae and altars, which were carved during the Late Preclassic period (300 BC-AD 250). Many of these monuments depict kings garbed in the costume and persona of a bird, a well-known avian deity who had great significance for the Maya and other cultures in adjacent regions. This Izapan style of carving and kingly representation appears at numerous sites across the Pacific slope and piedmont of Mexico and Guatemala, making it possible to trace political and economic corridors of communication during the Late Preclassic period. In this book, Julia Guernsey offers a masterful art historical analysis of the Izapan style monuments and their integral role in developing and communicating the institution of divine kingship. She looks specifically at how rulers expressed political authority by erecting monuments that recorded their performance of rituals in which they communicated with the supernatural realm in the persona of the avian deity. She also considers how rulers used the monuments to structure their built environment and create spaces for ritual and politically charged performances. Setting her discussion in a broader context, Guernsey also considers how the Izapan style monuments helped to motivate and structure some of the dramatic, pan-regional developments of the Late Preclassic period, including the forging of a codified language of divine kingship. This pioneering investigation, which links monumental art to the matrices of political, economic, and supernatural exchange, offers an important new understanding of a region, time period, and group of monuments that played a key role in the history of Mesoamerica and continue to intrigue scholars within the field of Mesoamerican studies.
Good teachers do much more than instructing children. They develop a relationship built on trust, honesty, humor, and above all love. When two or more students discuss varied ways to solve problems we have the beginnings of a creative dialogue, which is the root of inventiveness and a direct path to successful collaboration skills. Too often we do not recognize the value of friendships that is buoyed up by the brotherhood or sisterhood among children. There is a force that flows between them, an invisible understanding cementing their friendship
Quetzals and Other Latin American Birds / Quetzales y otras aves de Latinoamérica by Zella Williams Pdf
The quetzal is the national bird of Guatemala and lends its name to that country's currency. In fact, the quetzal has long been revered for its beautiful feathers. In ancient times, the Mayan people used quetzal feathers as money. Your fascinated readers will find out more about this resplendent bird and some of its neighbors, such as the toucan and the macaw.
The Maya and Teotihuacan by Geoffrey E. Braswell Pdf
The contributors to this volume present extensive new evidence from archaeology, iconography, and epigraphy to offer a more nuanced understanding of the interaction between the Early Classic Maya and Teotihuacan. Winner, Choice Outstanding Academic Book, 2005 Since the 1930s, archaeologists have uncovered startling evidence of interaction between the Early Classic Maya and the great empire of Teotihuacan in Central Mexico. Yet the exact nature of the relationship between these two ancient Mesoamerican civilizations remains to be fully deciphered. Many scholars have assumed that Teotihuacan colonized the Maya region and dominated the political or economic systems of certain key centers—perhaps even giving rise to state-level political organizations. Others argue that Early Classic rulers merely traded with Teotihuacan and skillfully manipulated its imported exotic goods and symbol sets to increase their prestige. Moving beyond these traditional assumptions, the contributors to this volume present extensive new evidence from archaeology, iconography, and epigraphy to offer a more nuanced understanding of the interaction between the Early Classic Maya and Teotihuacan. Investigating a range of Maya sites, including Kaminaljuyu, Copán, Tikal, Altun Ha, and Oxkintok, they demonstrate that the influence of Teotihuacan on the Maya varied in nature and duration from site to site, requiring a range of models to explain the patterns of interaction. Moreover, they show that the interaction was bidirectional and discuss how the Maya in turn influenced Teotihuacan.
Atlantis in America by Ivar Zapp,George Erikson Pdf
This text presents evidence for a new theory that the great stone spheres of Costa Rica and sighting stones throughout the Pacific were used to teach sea routes and constellation paths to navigators of the ancient world. It reveals substantial links between Meso-America and Egypt and the Middle East.