The Reality Of Precaution

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The Reality of Precaution

James Hammit,Michael Rogers,Peter Sand,Jonathan B. Wiener
The Reality of Precaution Book PDF

Author : James Hammit,Michael Rogers,Peter Sand,Jonathan B. Wiener
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 602 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781136522550

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The Reality of Precaution by James Hammit,Michael Rogers,Peter Sand,Jonathan B. Wiener Pdf

The 'Precautionary Principle' has sparked the central controversy over European and U.S. risk regulation. The Reality of Precaution is the most comprehensive study to go beyond precaution as an abstract principle and test its reality in practice. This groundbreaking resource combines detailed case studies of a wide array of risks to health, safety, environment and security; a broad quantitative analysis; and cross-cutting chapters on politics, law, and perceptions. The authors rebut the rhetoric of conflicting European and American approaches to risk, and show that the reality has been the selective application of precaution to particular risks on both sides of the Atlantic, as well as a constructive exchange of policy ideas toward 'better regulation.' The book offers a new view of precaution, regulatory reform, comparative analysis, and transatlantic relations.

The Reality of Precaution

Jonathan Baert Wiener
The Reality of Precaution Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Baert Wiener
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 602 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781933115863

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The Reality of Precaution by Jonathan Baert Wiener Pdf

First Published in 2010. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The Politics of Precaution

David Vogel
The Politics of Precaution Book PDF

Author : David Vogel
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400842568

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The Politics of Precaution by David Vogel Pdf

The Politics of Precaution examines the politics of consumer and environmental risk regulation in the United States and Europe over the last five decades, explaining why America and Europe have often regulated a wide range of similar risks differently. It finds that between 1960 and 1990, American health, safety, and environmental regulations were more stringent, risk averse, comprehensive, and innovative than those adopted in Europe. But since around 1990, the book shows, global regulatory leadership has shifted to Europe. What explains this striking reversal? David Vogel takes an in-depth, comparative look at European and American policies toward a range of consumer and environmental risks, including vehicle air pollution, ozone depletion, climate change, beef and milk hormones, genetically modified agriculture, antibiotics in animal feed, pesticides, cosmetic safety, and hazardous substances in electronic products. He traces how concerns over such risks--and pressure on political leaders to do something about them--have risen among the European public but declined among Americans. Vogel explores how policymakers in Europe have grown supportive of more stringent regulations while those in the United States have become sharply polarized along partisan lines. And as European policymakers have grown more willing to regulate risks on precautionary grounds, increasingly skeptical American policymakers have called for higher levels of scientific certainty before imposing additional regulatory controls on business.

Pre-crime

Jude McCulloch,Dean Wilson
Pre crime Book PDF

Author : Jude McCulloch,Dean Wilson
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-24
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317670230

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Pre-crime by Jude McCulloch,Dean Wilson Pdf

Pre-crime aims to pre-empt ‘would-be-criminals’ and predict future crime. Although the term is borrowed from science fiction, the drive to predict and pre-empt crime is a present-day reality. This book critically explores this major twenty-first century development in crime and justice. This first in-depth study of pre-crime defines and describes different types of pre-crime and compares it to traditional post-crime and crime risk approaches. It analyses the rationales that underpin pre-crime as a response to threats, particularly terrorism, and shows how it is spreading to other areas. It also underlines the historical continuities that prefigure the emergence of pre-crime, as well as exploring the new technologies and forms of surveillance that claim the ability to predict crime and identify future criminals. Through the use of examples and case studies it provides insights into how pre-crime generates the crimes it purports to counter, providing compelling evidence of the problems that arise when we act as if we know the future and aim to control it through punishing, disrupting or incapacitating those we predict might commit future crimes. Drawing on literature from criminology, law, international relations, security and globalization studies, this book sets out a coherent framework for the continued study of pre-crime and addresses key issues such as terminology, its links to past practises, its likely future trajectories and its impact on security, crime and justice. It is essential reading for academics and students in security studies, criminology, counter-terrorism, surveillance, policing and law, as well as practitioners and professionals in these fields.

Better Safe Than Sorry

Norah MacKendrick
Better Safe Than Sorry Book PDF

Author : Norah MacKendrick
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780520296695

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Better Safe Than Sorry by Norah MacKendrick Pdf

How toxic are the products we consume on a daily basis? Whether it’s triclosan in toothpaste, formaldehyde in baby shampoo, endocrine disruptors in water bottles, or pesticides on strawberries, chemicals in food and personal care products are of increasing concern to consumers. This book chronicles how ordinary people try to avoid exposure to toxics in grocery store aisles using the practice of “precautionary consumption.” Through an innovative analysis of environmental regulation, the advocacy work of environmental health groups, the expansion of the health-food chain Whole Foods Market, and interviews with consumers, Norah MacKendrick ponders why the problem of toxics in the U.S. retail landscape has been left to individual shoppers—and to mothers in particular. She reveals how precautionary consumption, or “green shopping,” is a costly and time-intensive practice, one that is connected to cultural ideas of femininity and good motherhood but is also most available to upper- and middle-class households. Better Safe Than Sorry powerfully argues that precautionary consumption places a heavy and unfair burden of labor on women and does little to advance environmental justice or mitigate risk.

A Precautionary Tale

Philip Ackerman-Leist
A Precautionary Tale Book PDF

Author : Philip Ackerman-Leist
Publisher : Chelsea Green Publishing
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2017-10-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781603587068

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A Precautionary Tale by Philip Ackerman-Leist Pdf

Mals, Italy, has long been known as the breadbasket of the Tyrol. But recently the tiny town became known for something else entirely. A Precautionary Tale tells us why, introducing readers to an unlikely group of activists and a forward-thinking mayor who came together to ban pesticides in Mals by a referendum vote—making it the first place on Earth to accomplish such a feat, and a model for other towns and regions to follow. For hundreds of years, the people of Mals had cherished their traditional foodways and kept their local agriculture organic. Their town had become a mecca for tourists drawn by the alpine landscape, the rural and historic character of the villages, and the fine breads, wines, cheeses, herbs, vegetables, and the other traditional foods they produced. Yet Mals is located high up in the eastern Alps, and the valley below was being steadily overtaken by big apple producers, heavily dependent on pesticides. As Big Apple crept further and further up the region’s mountainsides, their toxic spray drifted with the valley’s ever-present winds and began to fall on the farms and fields of Mals—threatening their organic certifications, as well as their health and that of their livestock. The advancing threats gradually motivated a diverse cast of characters to take action—each in their own unique way, and then in concert in an iconic display of direct democracy in action. As Ackerman-Leist recounts their uprising, we meet an organic dairy farmer who decides to speak up when his hay is poisoned by drift; a pediatrician who engaged other medical professionals to protect the soil, water, and air that the health of her patients depends upon; a hairdresser whose salon conversations mobilized the town’s women in an extraordinarily conceived campaign; and others who together orchestrated one of the rare revolutionary successes of our time and inspired a movement now snaking its way through Europe and the United States. A foreword by Vandana Shiva calls upon others to follow in Mals’s footsteps.

Arbitrary and Capricious

Gary Elvin Marchant,Kenneth L. Mossman
Arbitrary and Capricious Book PDF

Author : Gary Elvin Marchant,Kenneth L. Mossman
Publisher : American Enterprise Institute
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0844741892

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Arbitrary and Capricious by Gary Elvin Marchant,Kenneth L. Mossman Pdf

This study examines how the European Union has used the precautionary principle in legal decisions.

Implementing the Precautionary Principle

Elizabeth Charlotte Fisher,Judith S. Jones,René von Schomberg
Implementing the Precautionary Principle Book PDF

Author : Elizabeth Charlotte Fisher,Judith S. Jones,René von Schomberg
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2006-01-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781847201676

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Implementing the Precautionary Principle by Elizabeth Charlotte Fisher,Judith S. Jones,René von Schomberg Pdf

This challenging book takes a broad and thought-provoking look at the precautionary principle and its implementation, or potential implementation, in a number of fields. In particular, the essays within the book explore the challenges faced by public decision-making processes when applying the precautionary principle, including its role in risk management and risk assessment. Frameworks for improved decision making are considered, followed by a detailed analysis of prospective applications of the precautionary principle in a number of emerging fields including: nanotechnology, climate change.

The Ethics of Precaution

Levente Szentkirályi
The Ethics of Precaution Book PDF

Author : Levente Szentkirályi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2019-11-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780429534522

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The Ethics of Precaution by Levente Szentkirályi Pdf

There are thousands of substances manufactured in the United States to which the public is routinely exposed and for which toxicity data are limited or absent. Some insist that uncertainty about the severity of potential harm justifies implementing precautionary regulations, while others claim that uncertainty justifies the absence of regulations until sufficient evidence confirms a strong probability of severe harm. In this book, Levente Szentkirályi overcomes this impasse in his defense of precautionary environmental risk regulation by shifting the focus from how to manage uncertainty to what it is we owe each other morally. He argues that actions that create uncertain threats wrongfully gamble with the welfare of those who are exposed and neglect the reciprocity that our equal moral standing demands. If we take the moral equality and rights of others seriously, we have a duty to exercise due care to strive to prevent putting them in possible harm’s way. The Ethics of Precaution will be of great interest to researchers, educators, advanced students, and practitioners working in the fields of environmental political theory, ethics of risk, and environmental policy.

The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law

Lavanya Rajamani,Jacqueline Peel
The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law Book PDF

Author : Lavanya Rajamani,Jacqueline Peel
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1104 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2021-08-06
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780192589033

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The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law by Lavanya Rajamani,Jacqueline Peel Pdf

The second edition of this leading reference work provides a comprehensive discussion of the dynamic and important field of international law concerned with environmental protection. It is edited by globally-recognised international environmental law scholars, Professor Lavanya Rajamani and Professor Jacqueline Peel, and features 67 chapters authored by 76 renowned experts in their fields. The Handbook discusses the key principles underpinning international environmental law, its relevant actors and tools, and rules applying in its substantive sub-fields such as climate law, oceans law, wildlife and biodiversity law, and hazardous substances regulation. It also explores the intersection of international environmental law with other areas of international law, such as those concerned with trade, investment, disaster, migration, armed conflict, intellectual property, energy, and human rights. The Handbook sets its discussion of international environmental law in the broader interdisciplinary context of developments in science, ethics, politics and economics, which inform the way in which environmental rules are made, implemented, and enforced. It provides an introduction to the foundations of international environmental law while also engaging with questions at the frontiers of research, teaching, and practice in the field, including the role of Global South perspectives, the contribution made by Earth jurisprudence, and the growing role of a diverse range of actors from indigenous peoples to business and industry. Like the first edition, this second edition of the Handbook is an essential reference text for all engaged with environmental issues at the international level and the applicable governance and regulatory structures.

Climate Rationality

Jason S. Johnston
Climate Rationality Book PDF

Author : Jason S. Johnston
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 657 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2021-08-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781108415637

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Climate Rationality by Jason S. Johnston Pdf

Johnston unpacks and critiques the legal, economic, and scientific basis for precautionary climate policies pursued in the United States. In doing so, he reveals an alternative approach to climate change policy that would enable the US to efficiently adapt to a changing climate and radically reduce its greenhouse gas emissions.

The Precautionary Principle in the 20th Century

Paul Harremoes,David Gee,Malcom MacGarvin,Andy Stirling,Jane Keys,Brian Wynne,Sofia Guedes Vaz
The Precautionary Principle in the 20th Century Book PDF

Author : Paul Harremoes,David Gee,Malcom MacGarvin,Andy Stirling,Jane Keys,Brian Wynne,Sofia Guedes Vaz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134207787

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The Precautionary Principle in the 20th Century by Paul Harremoes,David Gee,Malcom MacGarvin,Andy Stirling,Jane Keys,Brian Wynne,Sofia Guedes Vaz Pdf

The precautionary principle is widely seen as fundamental to successful policies for sustainability. It has been cited in international courts and trade disputes between the USA and the EU, and invoked in a growing range of political debates. Understanding what it can and cannot achieve is therefore crucial. This volume looks back over the last century to examine the role the principle played or could have played, in a range of major and avoidable public disasters. From detailed investigation of how each disaster unfolded, what the impacts were and what measures were adopted, the authors draw lessons and establish criteria that could help to minimise the health and environmental risks of future technological, economic and policy innovations. This is an informative resource for all those from lawyers and policy-makers, to researchers and students needing to understand or apply the principle.

The Politics of Precaution

David Vogel
The Politics of Precaution Book PDF

Author : David Vogel
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012-04-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9780691124162

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The Politics of Precaution by David Vogel Pdf

The Politics of Precaution examines the politics of consumer and environmental risk regulation in the United States and Europe over the last five decades, explaining why America and Europe have often regulated a wide range of similar risks differently. It finds that between 1960 and 1990, American health, safety, and environmental regulations were more stringent, risk averse, comprehensive, and innovative than those adopted in Europe. But since around 1990, the book shows, global regulatory leadership has shifted to Europe. What explains this striking reversal? David Vogel takes an in-depth, comparative look at European and American policies toward a range of consumer and environmental risks, including vehicle air pollution, ozone depletion, climate change, beef and milk hormones, genetically modified agriculture, antibiotics in animal feed, pesticides, cosmetic safety, and hazardous substances in electronic products. He traces how concerns over such risks--and pressure on political leaders to do something about them--have risen among the European public but declined among Americans. Vogel explores how policymakers in Europe have grown supportive of more stringent regulations while those in the United States have become sharply polarized along partisan lines. And as European policymakers have grown more willing to regulate risks on precautionary grounds, increasingly skeptical American policymakers have called for higher levels of scientific certainty before imposing additional regulatory controls on business.

Laws of Fear

Cass R. Sunstein
Laws of Fear Book PDF

Author : Cass R. Sunstein
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2005-03-31
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780521848237

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Laws of Fear by Cass R. Sunstein Pdf

Instead of adopting the Precautionary Principle, Professor Sunstein argues for three steps: a narrow Anti-Catastrophe Principle, designed for the most serious risks; close attention to costs and benefits; and an approach called 'libertarian paternalism,' designed to respect freedom of choice while also moving people in directions that will make their lives go better. He also shows how free societies can protect liberty amidst fears about terrorism and national security."--BOOK JACKET.

The Precautionary Principle in Practice

Jacqueline Peel
The Precautionary Principle in Practice Book PDF

Author : Jacqueline Peel
Publisher : Federation Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Environmental risk assessment
ISBN : 1862875197

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The Precautionary Principle in Practice by Jacqueline Peel Pdf

The precautionary principle puts forward the 'commonsense' notion that decision-makers should be cautious when assessing potential health or environmental harms in the absence of the full scientific facts. It is now a well-established tenet of environmental law. The debate has turned to its legal implementation, especially its application 'in practice'. The Precautionary Principle in Practice - Environmental decision-making and scientific uncertainty focuses on these issues. It considers how decision-makers can assess threats to health or the environment when the available scientific evidence is sparse and discusses the types of 'uncertainties' that bring the precautionary principle into play.Peel uses detailed case studies which examine the implementation of the precautionary principle in actual decision-making scenarios: fisheries management; risk assessment for genetically modified organisms; and environmental impact assessment for development applications. She demonstrates an approach that takes account of variable uncertainty issues and can be adapted to different circumstances to ensure a comprehensive assessment of the potential threats to health or the environment. Jackie Peel has a background in both science and law. She took a BSC/LLB with 1st class honours at the University of Queensland and holds an LLM from New York University where she studied in 1999-2000 as a Fulbright Scholar. She is now is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Law, University of Melbourne.