The Representation Of Women In Early 18th Century England

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The Representation of Women in Early 18th Century England

Claudia Wipprecht
The Representation of Women in Early 18th Century England Book PDF

Author : Claudia Wipprecht
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2007-11
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783638814089

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The Representation of Women in Early 18th Century England by Claudia Wipprecht Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2006 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Literature, grade: 1,3, University of Erfurt (Philosophische Fakultät), course: The Rise of English Journalism in the Early 18th Century, 4 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: I) The first half of the 18th century The important essay by John Locke Essay concerning human understanding (1690) made an exceptionally high impact in the 18th century. His rejection of Descartes' 'innate ideas' constituted the basis for the discussion about abilities and rights of women in the 18th century. A.R. Humphreys noted: "Throughout the century a skirmish went on between conservatives who argued for the grand principle of subordination and progressives, who, guided by the clear light of reason, contended for woman's rational and social equality."1 The married woman was considered to have neither rights nor property due to the fact that with the marriage all her property exchanged automatically to her husband. The ideal of marriage in the 18th century is described by W.L. Blease: " ... the ideal of marriage had been brought to its lowest possible level [...] it emphasized the sexual side of the connection, and almost entirely disregarded the spiritual."2 The average age for marrying rested with 17 years, which was the reason that most young women could not satisfy their positions as mothers. The only profession women could have was that of a wife and mother; as Blease said "A respectable woman was nothing but the potential mother of children."3. However, there was the problem of a surplus of women. Some women had the possibility to teach children, which was not very high regarded. Most women, however, had only the possibility to prostitute themselves which was a crucial problem of this times (Einhoff, 1980: 35). Terms like 'the fair sex', 'the soft sex' and 'the gentle sex' designated the relationship of the sexes; the weak and tender woman needs to be protected by the st

Gender in Eighteenth-Century England

Hannah Barker,Elaine Chalus
Gender in Eighteenth Century England Book PDF

Author : Hannah Barker,Elaine Chalus
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2014-06-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317889137

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Gender in Eighteenth-Century England by Hannah Barker,Elaine Chalus Pdf

A new collection of essays which challenges many existing assumptions, particularly the conventional models of separate spheres and economic change. All the essays are specifically written for a student market, making detailed research accessible to a wide readership and the opening chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the subject describing the development of gender history as a whole and the study of eighteenth-century England. This is an exciting collection which is a major revision of the subject.

Women and Urban Life in Eighteenth-century England

Rosemary Sweet,Penelope Lane
Women and Urban Life in Eighteenth century England Book PDF

Author : Rosemary Sweet,Penelope Lane
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105117991849

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Women and Urban Life in Eighteenth-century England by Rosemary Sweet,Penelope Lane Pdf

Focusing on the participation of middling women in urban life, Women and Urban Life in Eighteenth-Century England focuses on the relationship between urban change and shifts in the pattern of gender relations in the 18th century - a period of rapid transformations in English history. It explores to what extent urban change accelerated a redefinition of gender relations; the connections between urban growth, changing definitions of citizenship, and the emergence of the male gendered political subject; the role of women in a literate, consumer and industrializing society; women's contribution to its development, and how that in turn inflected contemporary conceptualizations of gender.

Women, Gender and Disease in Eighteenth-Century England and France

Ann Kathleen Doig,Felicia B. Sturzer
Women Gender and Disease in Eighteenth Century England and France Book PDF

Author : Ann Kathleen Doig,Felicia B. Sturzer
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2014-06-02
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781443861212

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Women, Gender and Disease in Eighteenth-Century England and France by Ann Kathleen Doig,Felicia B. Sturzer Pdf

Based on encyclopedias, medical journals, historical, and literary sources, this collection of interdisciplinary essays focuses on the intersection of women, gender, and disease in England and France. Diverse critical perspectives highlight contributions women made to the scientific and medical communities of the eighteenth century. In spite of obstacles encountered in spaces dominated by men, women became midwives, and wrote self-help manuals on women’s health, hygiene, and domestic economy. Excluded from universities, they nevertheless contributed significantly to such fields as anatomy, botany, medicine, and public health. Enlightenment perspectives on the nature of the female body, childbirth, diseases specific to women, “gender,” sex, “masculinity” and “femininity,” adolescence, and sexual differentiation inform close readings of English and French literary texts. Treatises by Montpellier vitalists influenced intellectuals and physicians such as Nicolas Chambon, Pierre Cabanis, Jacques-Louis Moreau de la Sarthe, Jules-Joseph Virey, and Théophile de Bordeu. They impacted the exchange of letters and production of literary works by Julie de Lespinasse, Françoise de Graffigny, Nicolas Chamfort, Mary Astell, Frances Burney, Lawrence Sterne, Eliza Haywood, and Daniel Defoe. In our post-modern era, these essays raise important questions regarding women as subjects, objects, and readers of the philosophical, medical, and historical discourses that framed the project of enlightenment.

Women in Business, 1700-1850

Nicola Jane Phillips
Women in Business 1700 1850 Book PDF

Author : Nicola Jane Phillips
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer Ltd
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 184383183X

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Women in Business, 1700-1850 by Nicola Jane Phillips Pdf

A reappraisal of the business enterprises of women in the `long' eighteenth century, showing them to be more flourishing than previously thought.

Rival Queens

Felicity Nussbaum
Rival Queens Book PDF

Author : Felicity Nussbaum
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2011-10-11
Category : Drama
ISBN : 9780812206890

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Rival Queens by Felicity Nussbaum Pdf

In eighteenth-century England, actresses were frequently dismissed as mere prostitutes trading on their sexual power rather than their talents. Yet they were, Felicity Nussbaum argues, central to the success of a newly commercial theater. Urban, recently moneyed, and thoroughly engaged with their audiences, celebrated actresses were among the first women to achieve social mobility, cultural authority, and financial independence. In fact, Nussbaum contends, the eighteenth century might well be called the "age of the actress" in the British theater, given women's influence on the dramatic repertory and, through it, on the definition of femininity. Treating individual star actresses who helped spark a cult of celebrity—especially Anne Oldfield, Susannah Cibber, Catherine Clive, Margaret Woffington, Frances Abington, and George Anne Bellamy—Rival Queens reveals the way these women animated issues of national identity, property, patronage, and fashion in the context of their dramatic performances. Actresses intentionally heightened their commercial appeal by catapulting the rivalries among themselves to center stage. They also boldly challenged in importance the actor-managers who have long dominated eighteenth-century theater history and criticism. Felicity Nussbaum combines an emphasis on the actresses themselves with close analysis of their diverse roles in works by major playwrights, including George Farquhar, Nicholas Rowe, Colley Cibber, Arthur Murphy, David Garrick, Isaac Bickerstaff, and Richard Sheridan. Hers is a comprehensive and original argument about the importance of actresses as the first modern subjects, actively shaping their public identities to make themselves into celebrated properties.

The Satirical Gaze

Cindy McCreery
The Satirical Gaze Book PDF

Author : Cindy McCreery
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Art
ISBN : 0199267561

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The Satirical Gaze by Cindy McCreery Pdf

This is the first scholarly study to focus on satirical prints of women in the late eighteenth century. This was the golden age of graphic satire: thousands of prints were published, and they were viewed by nearly all sections of the population. These prints both reflected and sought to shape contemporary debate about the role of women in society. Cindy McCreery's study examines the beliefs and prejudices of Georgian England which they revealed.

Women & History

Valerie Frith
Women History Book PDF

Author : Valerie Frith
Publisher : Jove Books
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : History
ISBN : UVA:X002681178

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Women & History by Valerie Frith Pdf

Through private letters and journals, published memoirs and reflections, trial transcripts and court depositions, Women and History illuminates the world of 17th- and 18th-century English women.

Women, Work & Sexual Politics in Eighteenth-century England

Bridget Hill
Women Work Sexual Politics in Eighteenth century England Book PDF

Author : Bridget Hill
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : History
ISBN : 1857282132

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Women, Work & Sexual Politics in Eighteenth-century England by Bridget Hill Pdf

The author offers a reassessment of how women's experience of work in 18th- century England was affected by industrialization and other elements of economic, social and technological change.; This study focuses on the household, the most important unit of production in the 18th century. Hill examines the work done by the women of the household, not only in "housework" but also in agriculture and manufacturing, and explains what women lost as the household's independence as a unit of economic production was undermined.; Considering the whole range of activities in which women were involved - including many occupations unrecorded in censuses which have, therefore, been largely ignored by historians - Hill charts the increasing sexual division of labour and highlights its implications. She also discusses the role of service in husbandry and apprenticeship, as sources of training for women, and the consequences of their decline.; The final part of the book considers how the changing nature of women's work influenced courtship, marriage and relations between the sexes. Among the topics discussed are the importance of the women's contribution to setting up and maintaining a household; labouring women's attitudes to marriage and divorce and the customary alternatives to them; and the role of spinsters and widows. The author concludes by asking to what extent the industrial revolution improved the overall position of women and the opportunities open to them.; This series aims to re-establish women's history, and to challenge the assumptions of much mainstream history. Focusing on the modern period and encouraging perspectives from other disciplines, it seeks to concentrate upon areas of focal importance in the history of Britain and continental Europe.; Bridget Hill is the author of "Eighteenth-Century Women: An Anthology" and "The First English Feminist".

Women and Politeness in Eighteenth-Century England

Soile Ylivuori
Women and Politeness in Eighteenth Century England Book PDF

Author : Soile Ylivuori
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9780429845697

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Women and Politeness in Eighteenth-Century England by Soile Ylivuori Pdf

This first in-depth study of women’s politeness examines the complex relationship individuals had with the discursive ideals of polite femininity. Contextualising women’s autobiographical writings (journals and letters) with a wide range of eighteenth-century printed didactic material, it analyses the tensions between politeness discourse which aimed to regulate acceptable feminine identities and women’s possibilities to resist this disciplinary regime. Ylivuori focuses on the central role the female body played as both the means through which individuals actively fashioned themselves as polite and feminine, and the supposedly truthful expression of their inner status of polite femininity.

Never Married

Amy M. Froide
Never Married Book PDF

Author : Amy M. Froide
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2005-02-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9780191533709

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Never Married by Amy M. Froide Pdf

Never Married: Singlewomen in Early Modern England investigates a paradox in the history of early modern England: although one third of adult women were never married, these women have remained largely absent from historical scholarship. Amy Froide reintroduces us to the category of difference called marital status and to the significant ways it shaped the life experiences of early modern women. By de-centring marriage as the norm in social, economic, and cultural terms, her book critically refines our current understanding of people's lives in the past and adds to a recent line of scholarship that questions just how common 'traditional' families really were. This book is both a social-economic study of singlewomen and a cultural study of the meanings of singleness in early modern England. It focuses on never-married women in England's provincial towns, and on singlewomen from a broad social spectrum. Covering the entire early modern era, it reveals that this was a time of transition in the history of never-married women. During the sixteenth century life-long singlewomen were largely absent from popular culture, but by the eighteenth century they had become a central concern of English society. As the first book of original research to focus on singlewomen on the period, it also illuminates other areas of early modern history. Froide reveals the importance of kinship in the past to women without husbands and children, as well as to widows, widowers, single men, and orphans. Examining the contributions of working and propertied singlewomen, she is able to illustrate the importance of gender and marital status to urban economies and to notions of urban citizenship in the early modern era. Tracing the origins of the spinster and old maid stereotypes she reveals how singlewomen were marginalized as first the victims and then the villains of Protestant English society.

Women, Gender and Religious Cultures in Britain, 1800-1940

Sue Morgan,Jacqueline de Vries
Women Gender and Religious Cultures in Britain 1800 1940 Book PDF

Author : Sue Morgan,Jacqueline de Vries
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2010-06-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781136972331

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Women, Gender and Religious Cultures in Britain, 1800-1940 by Sue Morgan,Jacqueline de Vries Pdf

This volume is the first comprehensive overview of women, gender and religious change in modern Britain spanning from the evangelical revival of the early 1800s to interwar debates over women’s roles and ministry. This collection of pieces by key scholars combines cross-disciplinary insights from history, gender studies, theology, literature, religious studies, sexuality and postcolonial studies. The book takes a thematic approach, providing students and scholars with a clear and comparative examination of ten significant areas of cultural activity that both shaped, and were shaped by women’s religious beliefs and practices: family life, literary and theological discourses, philanthropic networks, sisterhoods and deaconess institutions, revivals and preaching ministry, missionary organisations, national and transnational political reform networks, sexual ideas and practices, feminist communities, and alternative spiritual traditions. Together, the volume challenges widely-held truisms about the increasingly private and domesticated nature of faith, the feminisation of religion and the relationship between secularisation and modern life. Including case studies, further reading lists, and a survey of the existing scholarship, and with a British rather than Anglo-centric approach, this is an ideal book for anyone interested in women's religious experiences across the nineteeth and twentieth centuries.

Monstrous Motherhood

Marilyn Francus
Monstrous Motherhood Book PDF

Author : Marilyn Francus
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013-01-01
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781421407982

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Monstrous Motherhood by Marilyn Francus Pdf

Spectral and monstrous mothers populate the cultural and literary landscape of the eighteenth century, overturning scholarly assumptions about this being an era of ideal motherhood. Although credited with the rise of domesticity, eighteenth-century British culture singularly lacked narratives of good mothers, ostensibly the most domestic of females. With startling frequency, the best mother was absent, disembodied, voiceless, or dead. British culture told tales almost exclusively of wicked, surrogate, or spectral mothers—revealing the defects of domestic ideology, the cultural fascination with standards and deviance, and the desire to police maternal behaviors. Monstrous Motherhood analyzes eighteenth-century motherhood in light of the inconsistencies among domestic ideology, narrative, and historical practice. If domesticity was so important, why is the good mother’s story absent or peripheral? What do the available maternal narratives suggest about domestic ideology and the expectations and enactment of motherhood? By focusing on literary and historical mothers in novels, plays, poems, diaries, conduct manuals, contemporary court cases, realist fiction, fairy tales, satire, and romance, Marilyn Francus reclaims silenced maternal voices and perspectives. She exposes the mechanisms of maternal marginalization and spectralization in eighteenth-century culture and revises the domesticity thesis. Monstrous Motherhood will compel scholars in eighteenth-century studies, women’s studies, family history, and cultural studies to reevaluate a foundational assumption that has driven much of the discourse in their fields.

Female Education in 18th and 19th Century Britain

Nico Hübner
Female Education in 18th and 19th Century Britain Book PDF

Author : Nico Hübner
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783656033615

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Female Education in 18th and 19th Century Britain by Nico Hübner Pdf

Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 1,3, Martin Luther University (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: Women in 18th and 19th Century Britain, language: English, abstract: Let your children be brought up together; let their sports and studies be the same; let them enjoy, in the constant presence of those who are set over them, all that freedom which innocence renders harmless, and in which Nature rejoices. (MACAULAY 1790: 32) Eighteenth Century England was a time in which women had little to say in society. They did not have the right to vote, they were not allowed to own properties, when married and as the husband was the chief breadwinner, they were not supposed to work. As they could not leave the house alone without being considered a prostitute, they were confined to the home where they would have to take care of the children and the household, "a subordinate role [...] in society" (AUGUSTIN 2005: 2). As a consequence, as girls did not need to go to school to learn their future tasks as housewives, they were educated at home by their mothers who acted as a role model. The entire eighteenth and well into the nineteenth century there was little change in how girls and women were educated. The old system of patriarchy was still well established but it began to crumble little by little. Women began to fight for their rights getting more and more supporters. This work is trying to shed light on this period's progression from girls being educated poorly to girls having the same education as their brothers. The fist chapter is going to show how gender differences were tried to be justified from a psyco-medical point of view, transferring the scientific findings to women's roles in society. The second chapter will show how important women were beginning to challenge the old system, disproving the validity of the scientific findings. Here a subdivision between the

Fashioning Masculinity

Dr Michele Cohen,Michele Cohen
Fashioning Masculinity Book PDF

Author : Dr Michele Cohen,Michele Cohen
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2002-01-08
Category : History
ISBN : 9781134842209

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Fashioning Masculinity by Dr Michele Cohen,Michele Cohen Pdf

The fashioning of English gentlemen in the eighteenth century was modelled on French practices of sociability and conversation. Michele Cohen shows how at the same time, the English constructed their cultural relations with the French as relations of seduction and desire. She argues that this produced anxiety on the part of the English over the effect of French practices on English masculinity and the virtue of English women. By the end of the century, representing the French as an effeminate other was integral to the forging of English, masculine national identity. Michele Cohen examines the derogation of women and the French which accompanied the emergent 'masculine' English identity. While taciturnity became emblematic of the English gentleman's depth of mind and masculinity, sprightly conversation was seen as representing the shallow and inferior intellect of English women and the French of both sexes. Michele Cohen also demonstrates how visible evidence of girls' verbal and language learning skills served only to construe the female mind as inferior. She argues that this perception still has currency today.