The Somatotrophic Axis And The Reproductive Process In Health And Disease

Author : Eli Y. Adashi,Michael O. Thorner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461225188

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The Somatotrophic Axis and the Reproductive Process in Health and Disease by Eli Y. Adashi,Michael O. Thorner Pdf

For many years now, our understanding of the somatotrophic and reproduc tive axes has evolved essentially independently, both fields of study reaching a highly advanced, although far from complete, level of under standing. Along the way, however, it became apparent that in some circumstances the reproductive and somatotrophic axes may be inter dependent. Inklings to this effect were at times feeble and at other times more convincing. Among those inklings are the clinical recognition by pediatric endocrinologists of the apparent association between isolated GH deficiency and delayed puberty, as well as of the apparent permissive, pUberty-promoting property of GH. Equally important is a body of experi mental studies establishing the ovary of multiple species as a site of GH reception and action. Arguing against an essential role for GH in the reproductive process is the observation that individuals who have GH resistance of the Laron variety are fertile arid that isolated GH deficiency does not constitute an absolute barrier to the attainment of sexual maturation and fertility. The intraovarian insulin-like growth factor (IGF) hypothesis proposes that IGFs may serve as amplifiers of gonadotropin action. Although the dependence of intraovarian IGFs on systemic GH action has never been unequivocally demonstrated, that leap of faith has often been made. The intraovarian IGF hypothesis serves as the rationale for the adjunctive use of GH in the induction of ovulation.

Author : Michelle P. Warren,Naama W. Constantini
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 484 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2000-05-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781592590162

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Sports Endocrinology by Michelle P. Warren,Naama W. Constantini Pdf

Since the observation in the 19th century that an extract of the suprarenal bodies injected into the circulation caused a rise in blood pressure, the endocrine system has become a major component in our understanding of human physiology. The introduction of radioimmunoassay techniques and the ability to measure minimal amounts of hor mones (a term derived from the Greek "to excite") have shown that acute exercise causes a release of a large number of hormones and that chronic exercise may further lead to long-term alterations in endocrine homeostasis. Actually, almost every organ and system in the body is affected by physical activity and exercise, much of it through the endocrine and neuroendocrine system. Investigation ofthe effect of acute or chronic physical activity on the endocrine system is a complex matter since the stimulus called "exercise" has many components, such as mode, intensity, duration, and others. In addition, several other factors, such as age, gender, training status, body temperature, circadian rhythm, metabolic state, menstrual cycle, and various external conditions as well as psychological factors, can modify the effect of physical activity on hormonal secretion. Moreover, the physiol9gical stimulus of exercise often provokes several and parallel cascades of biochemical and endocrine changes. It is therefore often extremely difficult to distinguish between primary and secondary events and between cause and effect. These limitations will be discussed in Chapter 1.

Author : Johannes D. Veldhuis,Andrea Giustina
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461215462

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Sex-Steroid Interactions with Growth Hormone by Johannes D. Veldhuis,Andrea Giustina Pdf

Sex-Steroid Interactions with Growth Hormone presents the proceedings of an international symposium held from October 22-25 in Naples, Florida. The proceedings provide new insights and concepts gained by molecular, cellular and neuroendocrine research into mechanistic interactions of the reproductive and somatotrophic axes. Chapters include discussions of the impact of sex steroids on growth hormone secretion in both children and adults; sex steroids, growth hormone releasing factor, and somatostatin; how sex steroids modulate growth hormone action on target issues; and differential effects of growth hormone secretagogues in men and women. This volume is designed for physicians, scientists and other health professionals interested or trained in clinical and basic endocrinology, growth or reproduction.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Medicine
ISBN : IND:30000106764081

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Cumulated Index Medicus by Anonim Pdf

Author : Samir Hamamah,Roger Mieusset,Francois Olivennes,Rene Frydman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461215226

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Male Sterility and Motility Disorders by Samir Hamamah,Roger Mieusset,Francois Olivennes,Rene Frydman Pdf

This conference, dedicated to the etiology and treatment of motility disor ders in spermatozoa and male sterility, attracted some of the finest investiga tors in the field. Standards were immensely high throughout, and discussions were meaningful and detailed. Analyses on disorders in sperm motility de mand a broad-based approach, involving cytologists, geneticists, andrologists, and embryologists, because the topic has many clinical and scientific over tones. Human spermatozoa are at the mercy of so many factors as they form and mature in the testis and epididymis. Their survival and fundamental char acteristics are essential for fertilization, and the male genome imposes its influence on the embryo as it becomes active in male pronuclei very soon after sperm entry into the oocyte. All of these fundamental aspects of sperm biology demanded a broad breadth of topics in the symposium. The opening session quickly got down to fundamentals with contributions from J.-L. Gatti, J.G. Alvarez, C. Gagnon, and H. Breitbart. They discussed the mechanism and regulation of motility, the metabolic strategy of human spermatozoa, the effects of exogenous fac tors such as antibodies, infections, and toxins, and finally the role of intracel lular calcium on sperm motility. To these topics, the postcoffee session on the first morning described the genetics of motility disorders and the etiology and management of necrozoospermia. The excellent presentation provided the background detail of the symposium and opened the way for the discus sion of various clinical aspects of the topic.

Author : Margaret E. Wierman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461239543

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Diseases of the Pituitary by Margaret E. Wierman Pdf

Nineteen cutting-edge review articles by leading authorities provide a comprehensive overview of the normal function of the pituitary and of the diagnosis and treatment of pituitary disorders. Topics range from normal hypothalamic-pituitary interactions and the processes that disrupt them to new advances in pituitary imaging and appropriate surgical intervention in various pituitary disorders. Among the diseases discussed are congenital hypopituitarism, deficiency states, strategies for evaluating patients with hyperprolactinemia, Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly, and glycoprotein pituitary tumors.

Author : Toshihiro Aono,Hiromu Sugino,Wylie W. Vale
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781461218746

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Inhibin, Activin and Follistatin by Toshihiro Aono,Hiromu Sugino,Wylie W. Vale Pdf

This volume is the proceedings of the International Conference on Inhibin, Activin: Recent Advances and Future Views held in Tokushima, Japan from November 9-10, 1996. The Internationally recognized faculty present the latest research in the exploration of inhibin, activin and follistatin mechanisms of action.

Author : Nancy J. Alexander,Anne C. Wentz
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461207436

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Idea to Product by Nancy J. Alexander,Anne C. Wentz Pdf

The young investigator with an idea has to negotiate many institutional, federal, and industrial challenges in order to get a product to market. Nowhere is described the steps in the development of new drugs, diagnos tics, or devices; the person with an idea has nowhere to turn for information and details. The young investigator may understand the elements of basic and clinical research, but ordinarily has no insight into novel ways of finding research funding or how to explore to find the funding opportunities that are available. The young investigator has little knowledge of the mecha nisms to bring an idea through the developmental phases to the market. There are other players in this complex endeavor with whom he or she has no contact, including those from industry, the Food and Drug Administration, and the legal community. Exposure to the philosophy of product develop ment and to procedural information would be useful to the scientific com munity, as would contact with those who have successfully taken an idea to a finished product. A first attempt to do this was the symposium on Idea to Product: The Process, sponsored by Serono Symposia USA and held No vember 17 to 20, 1994, in Washington, D.C. This book comprises the pro ceedings of that meeting. The editors are indebted to the many contributors to this volume, and we are especially grateful to Serono Symposia USA and to Leslie Nies and her staff for their expertise in organizing the symposium.

Author : Barry B. Bercu,Richard F. Walker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 458 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461223962

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Growth Hormone Secretagogues by Barry B. Bercu,Richard F. Walker Pdf

The traditional concept of a neuroendocrine mechanism for regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion is based in large part on the work of Roger Guillemin. The work of Dr. Guillemin, who was awarded the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, supported the view that quantita tive change in GH secretion was the net result of pituitary stimulation and inhibition by the hypothalamic neurohormones, GH releasing hormone (GHRH), and somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor; SRIF), respectively. During the 1970s, another endocrine research pioneer, Dr. Cyril Bowers, discovered that structural modification of enkephalin re sulted in a family of peptides with GH releasing properties. These com pounds, simply called GH releasing peptide (GHRP), were originally thought to mimic GHRH. However, upon subsequent investigation they were found to supplement the activity of the natural hormone through a different mechanism. Nearly two decades after their discovery, the differ ences between GHRP and GHRH have been described by many different laboratories throughout the world. The complementary GH secretagogues have different binding sites, second messengers, and effects on gene expres sion. Based on these differences, it has been suggested that expansion of the original two hormone mechanisms for GH regulation to include a third molecule may be appropriate, even though the naturally occurring ana logue of GHRP has not yet been identified. Despite our lack of knowledge concerning the natural product mimicked by GHRP, clinical development of the new family of GH secretagogues for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes has begun in earnest.

Author : Claude Desjardins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461223740

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Cellular and Molecular Regulation of Testicular Cells by Claude Desjardins Pdf

Conceptual advances in the biological sciences are marked by the applica tion of new techniques and experimental strategies. Nowhere has this ge neric principle been more apparent than in the study of testicular cells, as judged by the evolution of themes presented at the Testis Workshop over the past 23 years. Like its predecessors, the 1995 Testis Workshop was structured to offer fresh insights and approaches for understanding the mechanisms of spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. The chapters pre sented in this book emphasize three aspects of testicular cell function: first, the molecular analysis of the cell cycle; second, examination of the cell cycle, including the function and identification of specific macromolecules that direct the proliferation and differentiation of germ cells; and third, the development of Leydig cells and the role of specific macromolecules in the formation of testicular steroids. Each chapter is based on a lecture presented at the XIIIth Testis Work shop held on March 30 to April 1, 1995, at the Radisson Plaza Hotel in Raleigh, North Carolina. The selection of topics reflects the recommenda tions of the workshop'S organizing committee. Sincere thanks are due to the speakers who agreed to lecture and prepare chapters.

Author : Rogerio A. Lobo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461222880

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Perimenopause by Rogerio A. Lobo Pdf

Here, the editor, Rogerio Lobo, has assembled an internationally recognized group of reproductive endocrinologists to address perimenopause -- the time both before and after the last menses -- and its attendant decline in ovarian function, as well as the clinical issues and therapeutic options for women during this period.

Author : Thomas R. Ziegler,Glenn F. Pierce,David N. Herndon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461218760

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Growth Factors and Wound Healing by Thomas R. Ziegler,Glenn F. Pierce,David N. Herndon Pdf

The aim of this symposium was to provide basic and clinical investigators with the latest information on the biology of wound healing and tissue repair. Written and edited by eminent experts in the field, the papers cover the general concepts of wound healing; the role of nutrients; endogenous growth factors; clinical applications of growth hormone and IGF-1 therapy; and clinical applications of peptide growth factors.

Author : R. Jeffrey Chang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 387 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461384830

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by R. Jeffrey Chang Pdf

The term polycystic ovary syndrome (peOS) is meant to describe a clinical endocrinopathy characterized by menstrual irregularity and evidence of hyperandrogenism. While recognized since the 1800s, a clinical composite was not constructed until 1935 when Stein and Leventhal reported their findings of seven women with infertility, menstrual dysfunction, hirsutism, and enlarged ovaries. Notably, the ovaries contained numerous multiple cysts and the ovarian capsule was thickened. At the time, this preciseness of definition was sufficient to entitle the entity Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Subsequently, over the intervening years as investigators attempted to un ravel the pathophysiology and genesis of this disorder and the number of reported studies increased, there ensued a gradual and distinct terminologic conversion to polycystic ovary syndrome, which, whether intentional or not, connoted a less well-defined condition. Perhaps this is appropriately so, given the seemingly broadening spectrum of clinical presentations and the continuing debate over what constitutes peos. The expansive new knowledge about peos was discussed to a significant degree at an international symposium organized by Serono Symposia USA and held in Boston in the late spring of 1995. Ovarian physiology, including the fate of the follicular unit, was a central focus with several presentations on the genesis, growth, and death of ovarian cellular components. A discus sion of the regulation of ovarian cell function was also highlighted and comprised a major portion of the program.

Author : David K. Gardner,Michelle Lane
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781461301493

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ART and the Human Blastocyst by David K. Gardner,Michelle Lane Pdf

The field of human artificial reproductive technology (ART) is continually advancing and has witnessed significant changes since the inception of Louise Brown in 1978. Though Louise Brown herself was conceived after the trans fer of a blastocyst, there remain significant confusion and debate regarding the stage at which the human embryo conceived in the laboratory should be replaced in the mother. Developments in culture media formulations, leading to the introduction of sequential media, have brought the role of the blasto cyst in human ART back into the spotlight. It was due to this resurgence of interest in the niche of extended culture in human infertility treatment that the symposium on "ART and the Human Blastocyst" was held. of this meeting within this volume bring to the forefront The proceedings the main issues raised with the transfer of embryos at the blastocyst stage. It is evident from the chapters that follow that ART needs to be perceived as a continuum of procedures, each one dependent on the preceding one, and all equally as important as each other. That is to say, the development of a com petent embryo is ultimately dependent on the quality of the gametes from which it was derived. With regard to the oocyte, this then places the emphasis on the physician to use a stimulation protocol that both produces quality oocytes and does not impair endometrial function. Maintenance of gamete and embryo quality is the laboratory's role.

Author : Marc R. Blackman,S. Mitchell Harman,Jesse Roth,Jay R. Shapiro
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1995-06-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0387944044

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GHRH, GH, and IGF-I by Marc R. Blackman,S. Mitchell Harman,Jesse Roth,Jay R. Shapiro Pdf

Recent research suggests that adult growth hormone (GH) deficiency, whether of pathological or physiological origin, is associated with a dis tinct syndrome that includes alterations in body composition, endocrine metabolic function, immune competence, and physical and psychosocial well-being. Not surprisingly, substantial investigative effort is currently focused on validating the above hypothesis and on determining whether restoration of a normal GH-IGF-I axis in various states of adult GH deficiency is clinically useful, safe, and cost-beneficial. This book contains the proceedings from the Symposium on GHRH, GH, and IGF-I: Basic and Clinical Advances, held December 9 to 12, 1993, in San Diego, California, and sponsored by Serono Symposia USA, Inc. The conference was meant to highlight selected novel and exciting clinical research developments related to possible therapeutic uses of recombinant human GH and IGF-I, GHRH, GH releasing peptides, and related GH secretagogues. This meeting occurred only one year after a similar Serono symposium that was somewhat more oriented to novel basic science discoveries, thus attesting to the current scientific and clinical interest in this area.