The Strategic Culture Of The Islamic Republic Of Iran

Author : Marine Corps Marine Corps University Press,Michael Eisenstadt
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 55 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2019-07-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1082124508

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The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Religion, Expediency, and Soft Power in an Era of Disruptive Change by Marine Corps Marine Corps University Press,Michael Eisenstadt Pdf

This expanded and revised edition of "The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran," first published by Marine Corps University in 2011, sharpens, fleshes out, and updates analyses and arguments presented in the original edition.In the wake of the nuclear deal between the P5+1/EU and Iran (known formally as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action), and in light of the Islamic Republic's growing role in the Middle East, the need for such a publication is greater than ever before. It is my hope that this monograph will fill the need for a primer on the strategic culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) that will provide insights into the factors shaping its regional conduct.Analysts, strategists, and policymakers are told to never "mirror image" when considering the conduct of another country, but they are never told what "image" to put in its place. This publication constitutes an attempt to convey the essential elements of the strategic culture of the IRI to assist these respective communities create an alternative image of "the other."It also represents an attempt to inject culture into the debate about strategy and policy. After more than a decade of combat in Afghanistan and Iraq, the US military understands very well the importance of factoring culture into tactical and operational planning. But there are few signs of a similar recognition of the importance of cultural understanding among planners and policymakers at the strategic and national levels. This monograph attempts to rectify this shortcoming.

Author : Michael Eisenstadt,Marine Corps Marine Corps University
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2016-03-06
Category : Iran
ISBN : 1530400783

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The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran by Michael Eisenstadt,Marine Corps Marine Corps University Pdf

"The Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) is an unconventional adversary that requires unconventional approaches to planning, strategy, and policy. These approaches must take into account the country's sophisticated culture, the regime's religious-ideological orientation, the abiding importance of Iranian nationalism, and Iran's modern military history. And they must recognize the IRI's unique approach to statecraft, strategy, and the use of force. Doing so is no easy task for Americans, as the United States and Iran are studies in opposites when it comes to culture, values, and politics ... These factors complicate efforts to understand Tehran's behavior and to formulate effective policies toward the Islamic Republic. Iran's political system, moreover, is unique in that it is characterized by parallel structures that are the locus of multiple power centers. These consist of both traditional state and revolutionary institutions: the President and Supreme Leader; the Majles and Guardian Council; the Judiciary and Special Clerical Courts; and the regular military and the Islamic Revolution Guard Corps (IRGC), with the former often counterbalanced, and sometimes undermined by the actions of the latter. This organizational complexity and the importance of informal influence networks also often renders the functioning of the regime opaque -- even to many of its own members -- making it especially difficult for outsiders to understand what is going on. Finally, planners and policymakers dealing with the IRI should keep in mind three generalizations that can be said of a number of countries, but which are especially true for the Islamic Republic ... With these caveats in mind, this monograph will attempt to identify the salient features of the IRI's strategic culture, and their implications for planning, strategy, and policy"--Introduction.

Author : Michael Eisenstadt
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Iran
ISBN : UCLA:L0103892105

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The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran by Michael Eisenstadt Pdf

"Defining what is the strategic culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran since 1979 is challenging. Its nature is often contradictory and paradoxical and its meaning elusive. It is framed in large part by Tehran's stratagem to confront its adversaries. The foreign policy of the "strategically lonely" Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) is a byproduct of competition between Islamic universalism and Iranian nationalism. Iran, while feeling threatened by a number of states, including the United States, has ambitions beyond the size of its conventional forces. To address both its perceived threats and satisfy its grand strategic ambitions, Iran relies on armed surrogates, large volunteer forces, a "guerrilla navy", strategic rockets and missiles, and soft power. In the first issue of the MES Monograph Series, the author notes that "strategic culture of the IRI has had profound impact on its approach to statecraft, strategy, and war." Through an examination of Iran's "way of war," the author offers specific suggestions for the United States to better engage or deal with Iran."--Back cover.

Author : Marine Corps Marine Corps University Press,Michael Eisenstadt
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1082113654

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The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Operational and Policy Implications by Marine Corps Marine Corps University Press,Michael Eisenstadt Pdf

The Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) is an unconventional adversary that requires unconventional approaches in planning, strategy and policy. These approaches must take into account the country's sophisticated culture, the regime's religious-ideological orientation, and the country's modern military history. And they must account for its unique approach to statecraft, strategy, and the use of force. Iran's political system is characterized by parallel structures that are the locus of multiple power centers. These consist of both traditional and revolutionary institutions: the President and Supreme Leader; the Majles and Guardian Council; the Judiciary and Special Clerical Courts; and the regular military and the Islamic Revolution Guard Corps (IRGC). Due to this organizational complexity and the importance of informal influence networks, the functioning of the regime is often opaque--even to many of its members.

Author : W.A. Rivera
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2021-11-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781538164686

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Iranian Strategic Influence by W.A. Rivera Pdf

Since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the strategic culture of resistance has dominated Iran’s strategic objective and foreign policy preference formation. Iran is a revisionist state that lacks overwhelming military and economic dominance in its near abroad, as such two pillars have emerged to support and export their strategic culture of resistance. These are Adaptive Resistance (pragmatism) and Designed Redundancy (deniability and insulation). These two themes of resistance provide content and structure to their strategic Influence campaigns, where “strategic Influence is the use of the elements of national power—diplomatic, military, economic, with and through information—to shape the information and operational environment in order to erode the will of the enemy…. This ‘new’ way of war is predicated on building narratives, activating identities, mobilizing proxies, and disorienting targets through the use of information in service of strategic goals.” Strategic influence is the way in which elements of the strategic culture of resistance are executed in Iran’s near abroad. To combat and defeat strategic influence campaigns, it is necessary to understand both the strategic cultural factors at play and the strategic influence campaigns that Iran deploys.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Iran
ISBN : OCLC:53379812

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Iran's Strategic Culture and Weapons of Mass Destruction by Anonim Pdf

Author : Michael Eisenstadt
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Iran
ISBN : OCLC:1246017484

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The Strategic Culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran :. by Michael Eisenstadt Pdf

"The Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) is an unconventional adversary that requires unconventional approaches to planning, strategy, and policy. These approaches must take into account the country's sophisticated culture, the regime's religious-ideological orientation, the abiding importance of Iranian nationalism, and Iran's modern military history. And they must recognize the IRI's unique approach to statecraft, strategy, and the use of force. Doing so is no easy task for Americans, as the United States and Iran are studies in opposites when it comes to culture, values, and politics ... These factors complicate efforts to understand Tehran's behavior and to formulate effective policies toward the Islamic Republic. Iran's political system, moreover, is unique in that it is characterized by parallel structures that are the locus of multiple power centers. These consist of both traditional state and revolutionary institutions: the President and Supreme Leader; the Majles and Guardian Council; the Judiciary and Special Clerical Courts; and the regular military and the Islamic Revolution Guard Corps (IRGC), with the former often counterbalanced, and sometimes undermined by the actions of the latter. This organizational complexity and the importance of informal influence networks also often renders the functioning of the regime opaque -- even to many of its own members -- making it especially difficult for outsiders to understand what is going on. Finally, planners and policymakers dealing with the IRI should keep in mind three generalizations that can be said of a number of countries, but which are especially true for the Islamic Republic: [1] Nothing in Iran is as it seems; things are often to the contrary ... [2] Nothing in Iran is black and white; ambiguity and shades of grey rule ... [3] Iranian politics are characterized by numerous contradictions and paradoxes ... With these caveats in mind, this monograph will attempt to identify the salient features of the IRI's strategic culture, and their implications for planning, strategy, and policy"--Introduction.

Author : Anthony C. Cain
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2004-05-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0756742048

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Iran's Strategic Culture And Weapons of Mass Destruction by Anthony C. Cain Pdf

Discusses the relationship between Iran's strategic culture and weapons of mass destruction. Analyzes the relationship between the U.S. and Iran since 1979. After the Iranian revolution in 1979, foreign policy experts had trouble comprehending Ayatollah Khomeini's Shi'i ideology and reacted with alarm when he acted to export his ideology to other Middle Eastern countries. Therefore, the U.S. focused on containing Iran until a regime change occurred. Since the election of Seyyed Mohammed Khatami to the presidency in 1997, signs from Iran point to possibilities for altering the tension between the two states. Analyzes options available to U.S. policy makers to help Iran's transition from pariah state toward a more moderate role in the Persian Gulf.

Author : Samih K. Farsoun,Mehrdad Mashayekhi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2016-01-31
Category : Iran
ISBN : 1138992666

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Iran by Samih K. Farsoun,Mehrdad Mashayekhi Pdf

Argues that the construction of a legitimate Islamic political culture and ideology is the key to the consolidation of the post-revolutionary regime. Addresses a wide range of specific aspects within a theoretical framework.

Author : Nikki R. Keddie,Rudi Matthee
Publisher : University of Washington Press
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2011-10-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780295800240

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Iran and the Surrounding World by Nikki R. Keddie,Rudi Matthee Pdf

These essays examine Iran�s place in the world--its relations and cultural interactions with its immediate neighbors and with empires and superpowers from the beginning of the Safavid period in 1501 to the present day. The book provides important historical background on recent political and social developments in Iran and on its contemporary foreign relations. The topics explored include Iranian influence abroad on political organization, religion, literature, art, and diplomacy, as well as Iran's absorption of foreign influences in these areas. A special focus is the prevailing political culture of Iran throughout its early modern and contemporary periods. The authors combine approaches from history, political science, anthropology, international relations, and culturalstudies. Some essays address Iran�s interactions with various Arab and Turkic ethnicities in the region stretching from India to Egypt. Others examine its relations with the West during the Qajar and Pahlavi eras, women's issues, culture inside Iran during the Islamic Republic, and the Shi`ite theocracy of Iran as compared with other Muslim states.

Author : Laurent Lamote,Farhad Kazemi,John Hannah,Stuart Johnson,Shahram Chubin,Michael Eisenstadt,Ahmed Hashim,National University
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012-07-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1478200324

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Iran's Strategic Intentions and Capabilities by Laurent Lamote,Farhad Kazemi,John Hannah,Stuart Johnson,Shahram Chubin,Michael Eisenstadt,Ahmed Hashim,National University Pdf

Iran appears to be pursuing an assertive foreign policy that confronts the United States on a variety of points: the Middle East peace process, the stability of moderate Muslim states, terrorism (such as the death threat to Rushdie), security in the Persian Gulf, and nuclear proliferation. However, Iran's intentions and capabilities are by no means clear. One the intentions side, some observers expect that a desire for good economic relations with the West and a waning of revolutionary fervor will lead to moderation in action if not in words; others see a broad consensus inside Iran for assertiveness, uniting Persian nationalism with Islamic fundamentalism. On the capabilities side, Iran is short on cash and faces growing internal political dissension, which some say means it will not be able to devote much to foreign adventures and the military build-up, while other say internal problems give Iran reason to acquire a military with which to pressure its rich neighbors. To discuss these issues the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University convened a workshop on "Iran's Strategic Intentions." The workshop brought together leading experts on Iranian security policy: speakers with access to Iranian officials and with the language skills to follow Iranian developments. Some of the points taken from the discussion, which by no means represent the view of all the authors or discussion participants, were: Iran is absorbed with domestic problems. Foreign affairs is a secondary concern for Iran's leaders and its people. Foreign policies are in large part a by-product of domestic politics. The government lacks legitimacy. The post-Khomeini leadership is not accepted by many believers as the voice of religious authority. Religious figures in the provinces, especially those with large Sunni or non-Persian populations, increasingly reject the representatives sent from Tehran. The hold of the central government over the provinces in weakening. The economic situation is bad, and the popular mood is worse. Public and elite opinion both believe that the continued existence of the Islamic Republic is in doubt. Iran's military strategy does not emphasize external defense. Iran sees itself as friendless in a hostile world, but it does not see itself as facing a serious danger from its neighbors. Iraq is not seen as a credible threat for the foreseeable future, for political and military reasons. Turmoil in the southern parts of the former Soviet Union is not seen as posing a conventional military problem for Iran. Iran's principal external aims for its military are to discourage US involvement I the Gulf and to spread its influence in its neighborhood. The Revolutionary Guards and the security forces, which are increasingly coordinated with the military, may be called on regularly to suppress domestic unrest. Iran will pursue military capabilities at the low end and high end, not in the middle. Development of nuclear weapons makes excellent sense, to assert the revolutions success and its claim of equality to the great powers. Iran lacks the resources to engage in an extensive buildup of its conventional military. The leadership realizes that high-technology weapons are essential for success on the modern battlefield; revolutionary fervor is not sufficient. Support subversion and terrorism fits Iran's budget, its ideology, and its predilections. Nor does Iran believe it will have to pay a high price for this sort of low-intensity conflict.

Author : Thomas Juneau,Sam Razavi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Iran
ISBN : 0415827434

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Iranian Foreign Policy Since 2001 by Thomas Juneau,Sam Razavi Pdf

This book examines Iranian foreign policy, with a focus on the years since 2001. The first part looks at the underpinnings and key foundations of the Islamic Republic's external behaviour: the role of power in driving foreign policy, the tension between ideology and pragmatism, the country's strategic culture and the importance of the nuclear program. The second part then examines Iran's relations with key countries and regions, with a focus on its more immediate environment and on its relations with great powers.

Author : Samih K. Farsoun,Mehrdad Mashayekhi
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1992
Category : History
ISBN : 9780415031424

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Iran by Samih K. Farsoun,Mehrdad Mashayekhi Pdf

Since the Islamic revolutionary movement overthrew the "Peacock Throne" (the Shah) in 1979 the Islamic Republic has maintained its credibility and the loyalty of the people of Iran. It has survived an extremely destructive war with Iraq, isolation from the West and the rest of the Middle East except Syria, and the death of the Ayaltollah Khomeini. This book explores the social transformation of Iran in this period stressing the importance of political culture and ideology. It argues that the systematic building of a legitimate Islamic political culture is the key to the success of the regime. The authors of the book address specific aspects of Iran's political culture within a general theoretical framework laid out in the introduction. There is discussion of a wide range of topics ranging from the relationship of the individual to society to "Westoxication", from Shi'ism to the Islamisation of film culture.

Author : Annabelle Sreberny,Massoumeh Torfeh
Publisher : I.B. Tauris
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1780760892

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Cultural Revolution in Iran by Annabelle Sreberny,Massoumeh Torfeh Pdf

The Islamic Republic of Iran has entered its fourth decade, and the legacy of the Revolution it was founded upon continue to have a profound consequence on Iranian life. This book draws on the expertise of Iranian and international academics to address diverse areas of social and cultural innovation that are driving change and progress.

Author : Mahmood Monshipouri
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : History
ISBN : 9780190264840

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Inside the Islamic Republic by Mahmood Monshipouri Pdf

The post-Khomenei era has profoundly changed the socio-political landscape of Iran. Since 1989, the internal dynamics of change in Iran, rooted in a panoply of socioeconomic, cultural, institutional, demographic, and behavioral factors, have led to a noticeable transition in both societal and governmental structures of power, as well as the way in which many Iranians have come to deal with the changing conditions of their society. This is all exacerbated by the global trend of communication and information expansion, as Iran has increasingly become the site of the burgeoning demands for women's rights, individual freedoms, and festering tensions and conflicts over cultural politics. These realities, among other things, have rendered Iran a country of unprecedented-and at time paradoxical-changes. This book explains how and why.