The Teleology Of Reason

Author : Courtney D. Fugate
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2015-02-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110367911

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The Teleology of Reason by Courtney D. Fugate Pdf

This work argues that teleological motives lie at the heart of Kant’s critical philosophy and that a precise analysis of teleological structures can both illuminate the basic strategy of its fundamental arguments and provide a key to understanding its unity. It thus aims, through an examination of each of Kant’s major writings, to provide a detailed interpretation of his claim that philosophy in the true sense must consist of a teleologia rationis humanae. The author argues that Kant’s critical philosophy forged a new link between traditional teleological concepts and the basic structure of rationality, one that would later inform the dynamic conception of reason at the heart of German Idealism. The process by which this was accomplished began with Kant’s development of a uniquely teleological conception of systematic unity already in the precritical period. The individual chapters of this work attempt to show how Kant adapted and refined this conception of systematic unity so that it came to form the structural basis for the critical philosophy.

Author : Associate Professor of Philosophy and Civilization Studies Courtney D Fugate,Courtney D. Fugate
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3110306492

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The Teleology of Reason by Associate Professor of Philosophy and Civilization Studies Courtney D Fugate,Courtney D. Fugate Pdf

This work argues that teleological motives lie at the heart of Kant s critical philosophy and that a precise analysis of teleological structures can both illuminate the basic strategy of its fundamental arguments and provide a key to understanding its unity. It thus provides, through an examination of Kant s major writings, a detailed interpretation of his claim that philosophy in the true sense must consist of a teleologia rationis humanae."

Author : Monte Ransome Johnson
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2005-11-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191536502

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Aristotle on Teleology by Monte Ransome Johnson Pdf

Monte Johnson examines one of the most controversial aspects of Aristiotle's natural philosophy: his teleology. Is teleology about causation or explanation? Does it exclude or obviate mechanism, determinism, or materialism? Is it focused on the good of individual organisms, or is god or man the ultimate end of all processes and entities? Is teleology restricted to living things, or does it apply to the cosmos as a whole? Does it identify objectively existent causes in the world, or is it merely a heuristic for our understanding of other causal processes? Johnson argues that Aristotle's aporetic approach drives a middle course between these traditional oppositions, and avoids the dilemma, frequently urged against teleology, between backwards causation and anthropomorphism. Although these issues have been debated with extraordinary depth by Aristotle scholars, and touched upon by many in the wider philosophical and scientific community as well, there has been no comprehensive historical treatment of the issue. Aristotle is commonly considered the inventor of teleology, although the precise term originated in the eighteenth century. But if teleology means the use of ends and goals in natural science, then Aristotle was rather a critical innovator of teleological explanation. Teleological notions were widespread among his predecessors, but Aristotle rejected their conception of extrinsic causes such as mind or god as the primary causes for natural things. Aristotle's radical alternative was to assert nature itself as an internal principle of change and an end, and his teleological explanations focus on the intrinsic ends of natural substances - those ends that benefit the natural thing itself. Aristotle's use of ends was subsequently conflated with incompatible 'teleological' notions, including proofs for the existence of a providential or designer god, vitalism and animism, opposition to mechanism and non-teleological causation, and anthropocentrism. Johnson addresses these misconceptions through an elaboration of Aristotle's methodological statements, as well as an examination of the explanations actually offered in the scientific works.

Author : Tatiana Patrone,Paul Formosa,Avery Goldman
Publisher : University of Wales Press
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2014-04-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781783160679

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Politics and Teleology in Kant by Tatiana Patrone,Paul Formosa,Avery Goldman Pdf

This volume critically examines and elucidates the complex relationship between politics and teleology in Kant's philosophical system. Examining this relationship is of key philosophical importance since Kant develops his political philosophy in the context of a teleological conception of the purposiveness of both nature and human history. Kant's approach poses the dual task of reconciling his normative political theory with both his priori moral philosophy and his teleological philosophy of nature and human history. The fourteen essays in this volume, by leading scholars in the field, explore the relationship between teleology and politics from multiple perspectives. Together, the essays explore Kant's normative political theory and legal philosophy, his cosmopolitanism and views on international relations, his theory of history, his theory of natural teleology, and the broader relationship between morality, history, nature and politics in Kant's works. This important new volume will be of interest to a wide audience, including Kant scholars, scholars and students working on topics in moral and political philosophy, the philosophy of history, political theory and political science, legal scholars and international relations theorists, as well as those interested broadly in the history of ideas.

Author : David R. Major
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 1897
Category : Teleology
ISBN : WISC:89018104083

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The Principle of Teleology in the Critical Philosophy of Kant by David R. Major Pdf

Author : G. F. Schueler
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2003-01-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191530531

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Reasons and Purposes by G. F. Schueler Pdf

People do things for reasons. But philosophers have disagreed sharply about how 'reasons explanations' of actions actually work and hence about their implications for human freedom and autonomy. The dominant view in contemporary philosophy is the (Humean) idea that the beliefs and desires that constitute our reasons for acting simply cause us to act as we do. Fred Schueler seeks to replace such causal views, arguing that they leave out two essential elements of these explanations. Reasons explanations are inherently teleological in the sense that the agent's reasons always explain the purpose for which he acted. They are also inherently normative since it is always possible that an agent's reasons for doing something are not good reasons. Schueler argues that causal accounts of reasons explanations make no sense of either of these features; he argues instead for an account based on practical deliberation, our ability to evaluate the reasons we accept.

Author : Andrea Gambarotto
Publisher : Springer
Page : 137 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2017-10-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319654157

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Vital Forces, Teleology and Organization by Andrea Gambarotto Pdf

This book offers a comprehensive account of vitalism and the Romantic philosophy of nature. The author explores the rise of biology as a unified science in Germany by reconstructing the history of the notion of “vital force,” starting from the mid-eighteenth through the early nineteenth century. Further, he argues that Romantic Naturphilosophie played a crucial role in the rise of biology in Germany, especially thanks to its treatment of teleology. In fact, both post-Kantian philosophers and naturalists were guided by teleological principles in defining the object of biological research. The book begins by considering the problem of generation, focusing on the debate over the notion of “formative force.” Readers are invited to engage with the epistemological status of this formative force, i.e. the question of the principle behind organization. The second chapter provides a reconstruction of the physiology of vital forces as it was elaborated in the mid- to late-eighteenth century by the group of physicians and naturalists known as the “Göttingen School.” Readers are shown how these authors developed an understanding of the animal kingdom as a graded series of organisms with increasing functional complexity. Chapter three tracks the development of such framework in Romantic Naturphilosophie. The author introduces the reader to the problem of classification, showing how Romantic philosophers of nature regarded classification as articulated by a unified plan that connects all living forms with one another, relying on the idea of living nature as a universal organism. In the closing chapter, this analysis shows how the three instances of pre-biological discourse on living beings – theory of generation, physiology and natural history – converged to form the consolidated disciplinary matrix of a general biology. The book offers an insightful read for all scholars interested in classical German philosophy, especially those researching the philosophy of nature, as well as the history and philosophy of biology.

Author : Jeffrey K. McDonough
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Teleology
ISBN : 9780190845711

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Teleology by Jeffrey K. McDonough Pdf

Teleology is the belief that some things happen, or exist for the sake of other things. It is the belief that, for example, salmon swim upstream in order to spawn, and that bears have claws for the sake of catching fish. This volume takes up the intuitive yet puzzling concept of teleology asit has been treated by philosophers from ancient times to the present day. It includes nine main chapters centered on the treatment of teleology in Plato, Aristotle, the Islamic medieval tradition, the Jewish medieval tradition, the Latin medieval tradition, the early modern era, Kant, Hegel, andcontemporary philosophy. Each chapter probes central questions such as: is teleology inherent in its subjects or is it imposed on them from the outside? Does teleology necessarily involve intentionality, that is, a subject's cognizing some end, goal, or purpose? What is the scope of teleology? Isit, for example, applicable to elements and animals, or only to rational beings? Finally, is teleology explanatory? When we say that salmon swim upstream in order to spawn, have we explained why they swim upstream? When we say that bears have claws for catching fish, have we explained why bears haveclaws? The philosophical discussions of the main chapters are enlivened and contextualized by four reflection pieces exploring the implications of teleology in medicine, art, poetry, and music.

Author : Elijah Everett Kresge
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1914
Category : Teleology
ISBN : UOM:39015026498207

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Kant's Doctrine of Teleology by Elijah Everett Kresge Pdf

Author : Stewart Goetz
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2011-10-27
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781441101891

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Freedom, Teleology, and Evil by Stewart Goetz Pdf

In Freedom, Teleology, and Evil Stewart Goetz defends the existence of libertarian freedom of the will. He argues that choices are essentially uncaused events with teleological explanations in the form of reasons or purposes. Because choices are uncaused events with teleological explanations, whenever agents choose they are free to choose otherwise. Given this freedom to choose otherwise, agents are morally responsible for how they choose. Thus, Goetz advocates and defends the principle of alternative possibilities which states that agents are morally responsible for a choice only if they are free to choose otherwise. Finally, given that agents have libertarian freedom, Goetz contends that this freedom is integral to the construction of a theodicy which explains why God allows evil.

Author : Luca Illetterati,Francesca Michelini
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110321241

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Purposiveness by Luca Illetterati,Francesca Michelini Pdf

Since the rise of modern thought and natural science, teleological discourses have been banished as explanatory tools in natural investigations. The various contributions to this volume embrace the task of rethinking natural purposiveness in accordance with natural science. They set out from the issue of whether, and in which form, it is possible to talk of purposes in nature, without resorting to an account requesting some intentional agent. The legitimacy of such a notion as that of internal teleology has been addressed, together with the issue of what the term "internal" properly denotes. It is meant to be an alternative both to the position of those who assume that teleology in biology requires a dimension transcending nature itself and find in teleological language an argument for the Intelligent Designer, and to the stance of those who aim to eliminate teleology from scientific inquiry altogether.

Author : Immanuel Kant
Publisher : e-artnow
Page : 1050 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2017-12-06
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9788027235599

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The Three Critiques: The Critique of Pure Reason, The Critique of Practical Reason and The Critique of Judgment (Complete Edition) by Immanuel Kant Pdf

The Critique of Pure Reason is one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy. Kant here explains what he means by a critique of pure reason: "I do not mean by this a critique of books and systems, but of the faculty of reason in general, in respect of all knowledge after which it may strive independently of all experience." The Critique of Practical Reason is the second of Immanuel Kant's three critiques and it deals with his moral philosophy. The second Critique exercised a decisive influence over the subsequent development of the field of ethics and moral philosophy, beginning with Johann Gottlieb Fichte's Doctrine of Science. The Critique of Judgment, also translated as the Critique of the Power of Judgment completes the Critical project begun in the Critique of Pure Reason. The book is divided into two main sections: the Critique of Aesthetic Judgment and the Critique of Teleological Judgment, and also includes a large overview of the entirety of Kant's Critical system, arranged in its final form. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher, who, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is "the central figure of modern philosophy." Kant argued that fundamental concepts of the human mind structure human experience, that reason is the source of morality, that aesthetics arises from a faculty of disinterested judgment, that space and time are forms of our understanding, and that the world as it is "in-itself" is unknowable.

Author : William Gibson,Dan O'Brien,Marius Turda
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2019-07-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351141864

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Teleology and Modernity by William Gibson,Dan O'Brien,Marius Turda Pdf

The main and original contribution of this volume is to offer a discussion of teleology through the prism of religion, philosophy and history. The goal is to incorporate teleology within discussions across these three disciplines rather than restrict it to one as is customarily the case. The chapters cover a wide range of topics, from individual teleologies to collective ones; ideas put forward by the French aristocrat Arthur de Gobineau and the Scottish philosopher David Hume, by the Anglican theologian and founder of Methodism, John Wesley, and the English naturalist Charles Darwin.

Author : Immanuel Kant
Publisher : Good Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2024-01-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : EAN:8596547805052

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The Critique of Judgment (Theory of the Aesthetic Judgment & Theory of the Teleological Judgment) by Immanuel Kant Pdf

The Critique of Judgment, also translated as the Critique of the Power of Judgment and more commonly referred to as the third Critique, is a philosophical work by Immanuel Kant. Critique of Judgment completes the Critical project begun in the Critique of Pure Reason and the Critique of Practical Reason (the first and second Critiques, respectively). The book is divided into two main sections: the Critique of Aesthetic Judgment and the Critique of Teleological Judgment, and also includes a large overview of the entirety of Kant's Critical system, arranged in its final form. The end result of Kant's Critical Project is that there are certain fundamental antinomies in human Reason, most particularly that there is a complete inability to favor on the one hand the argument that all behavior and thought is determined by external causes, and on the other that there is an actual "spontaneous" causal principle at work in human behavior. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German philosopher, who, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is "the central figure of modern philosophy." Kant argued that fundamental concepts of the human mind structure human experience, that reason is the source of morality, that aesthetics arises from a faculty of disinterested judgment, that space and time are forms of our understanding, and that the world as it is "in-itself" is unknowable. Kant took himself to have effected a Copernican revolution in philosophy, akin to Copernicus' reversal of the age-old belief that the sun revolved around the earth.

Author : Anton Ford,Jennifer Hornsby,Frederick Stoutland
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780674060913

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Essays on Anscombe’s Intention by Anton Ford,Jennifer Hornsby,Frederick Stoutland Pdf

G. E. M. Anscombe's Intention, firmly established the philosophy of action as a distinctive field of inquiry. Donald Davidson called this 94-page book "the most important treatment of action since Aristotle." But until quite recently, few scholars recognized the magnitude of Anscombe's philosophical achievement. This collection of ten essays elucidates some of the more challenging aspects of Anscombe's work and affirms her reputation as one of our most original philosophers. Born in 1919, Anscombe studied at St. Hugh's College, Oxford, where she later held a research fellowship. In 1941 she married philosopher Peter Geach, with whom she had seven children. A close friend of Wittgenstein, in 1946 she joined Oxford's Somerville College and spent the next twenty-four years there before being appointed to the Chair of Philosophy at Cambridge that Wittgenstein had held. She died in 2001 after her long career as a highly regarded analytic philosopher. This volume brings together fresh interpretations of Intention written by some of today's leading philosophers of action. It will enlighten Anscombe's readers who struggle with concepts they find puzzling or obscure, while providing a bracing corrective to doubts about Intention's significance and the gravity of what is at stake.