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An Introduction to Algebraic Topology by Joseph J. Rotman Pdf
A clear exposition, with exercises, of the basic ideas of algebraic topology. Suitable for a two-semester course at the beginning graduate level, it assumes a knowledge of point set topology and basic algebra. Although categories and functors are introduced early in the text, excessive generality is avoided, and the author explains the geometric or analytic origins of abstract concepts as they are introduced.
A Course in the Theory of Groups by Derek J.S. Robinson Pdf
" A group is defined by means of the laws of combinations of its symbols," according to a celebrated dictum of Cayley. And this is probably still as good a one-line explanation as any. The concept of a group is surely one of the central ideas of mathematics. Certainly there are a few branches of that science in which groups are not employed implicitly or explicitly. Nor is the use of groups confined to pure mathematics. Quantum theory, molecular and atomic structure, and crystallography are just a few of the areas of science in which the idea of a group as a measure of symmetry has played an important part. The theory of groups is the oldest branch of modern algebra. Its origins are to be found in the work of Joseph Louis Lagrange (1736-1813), Paulo Ruffini (1765-1822), and Evariste Galois (1811-1832) on the theory of algebraic equations. Their groups consisted of permutations of the variables or of the roots of polynomials, and indeed for much of the nineteenth century all groups were finite permutation groups. Nevertheless many of the fundamental ideas of group theory were introduced by these early workers and their successors, Augustin Louis Cauchy (1789-1857), Ludwig Sylow (1832-1918), Camille Jordan (1838-1922) among others. The concept of an abstract group is clearly recognizable in the work of Arthur Cayley (1821-1895) but it did not really win widespread acceptance until Walther von Dyck (1856-1934) introduced presentations of groups.
One of the characteristics of modern algebra is the development of new tools and concepts for exploring classes of algebraic systems, whereas the research on individual algebraic systems (e. g. , groups, rings, Lie algebras, etc. ) continues along traditional lines. The early work on classes of alge bras was concerned with showing that one class X of algebraic systems is actually contained in another class F. Modern research into the theory of classes was initiated in the 1930's by Birkhoff's work [1] on general varieties of algebras, and Neumann's work [1] on varieties of groups. A. I. Mal'cev made fundamental contributions to this modern development. ln his re ports [1, 3] of 1963 and 1966 to The Fourth All-Union Mathematics Con ference and to another international mathematics congress, striking the ories of classes of algebraic systems were presented. These were later included in his book [5]. International interest in the theory of formations of finite groups was aroused, and rapidly heated up, during this time, thanks to the work of Gaschiitz [8] in 1963, and the work of Carter and Hawkes [1] in 1967. The major topics considered were saturated formations, Fitting classes, and Schunck classes. A class of groups is called a formation if it is closed with respect to homomorphic images and subdirect products. A formation is called saturated provided that G E F whenever Gjip(G) E F.
Applications of the Theory of Groups in Mechanics and Physics by Petre P. Teodorescu,Nicolae-A.P. Nicorovici Pdf
The notion of group is fundamental in our days, not only in mathematics, but also in classical mechanics, electromagnetism, theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, theory of elementary particles, etc. This notion has developed during a century and this development is connected with the names of great mathematicians as E. Galois, A. L. Cauchy, C. F. Gauss, W. R. Hamilton, C. Jordan, S. Lie, E. Cartan, H. Weyl, E. Wigner, and of many others. In mathematics, as in other sciences, the simple and fertile ideas make their way with difficulty and slowly; however, this long history would have been of a minor interest, had the notion of group remained connected only with rather restricted domains of mathematics, those in which it occurred at the beginning. But at present, groups have invaded almost all mathematical disciplines, mechanics, the largest part of physics, of chemistry, etc. We may say, without exaggeration, that this is the most important idea that occurred in mathematics since the invention of infinitesimal calculus; indeed, the notion of group expresses, in a precise and operational form, the vague and universal ideas of regularity and symmetry. The notion of group led to a profound understanding of the character of the laws which govern natural phenomena, permitting to formulate new laws, correcting certain inadequate formulations and providing unitary and non contradictory formulations for the investigated phenomena.
The Theory of Finite Groups by Hans Kurzweil,Bernd Stellmacher Pdf
From reviews of the German edition: "This is an exciting text and a refreshing contribution to an area in which challenges continue to flourish and to captivate the viewer. Even though representation theory and constructions of simple groups have been omitted, the text serves as a springboard for deeper study in many directions." Mathematical Reviews
An Introduction to the Theory of Groups by Paul Alexandroff,Hazel Perfect,G. M. Petersen Pdf
" This introductory exposition of group theory by an eminent Russian mathematician is particularly suited to undergraduates, developing material of fundamental importance in a clear and rigorous fashion. A wealth of simple examples, primarily geometrical, illustrate the primary concepts. Exercises at the end of each chapter provide additional reinforcement. 1959 edition"--
Text for advanced courses in group theory focuses on finite groups, with emphasis on group actions. Explores normal and arithmetical structures of groups as well as applications. 679 exercises. 1978 edition.
Fundamentals of the Theory of Groups by M. I. Kargapolov,J. I. Merzljakov Pdf
The present edition differs from the first in several places. In particular our treatment of polycyclic and locally polycyclic groups-the most natural generalizations of the classical concept of a finite soluble group-has been expanded. We thank Ju. M. Gorcakov, V. A. Curkin and V. P. Sunkov for many useful remarks. The Authors Novosibirsk, Akademgorodok, January 14, 1976. v Preface to the First Edition This book consists of notes from lectures given by the authors at Novosi birsk University from 1968 to 1970. Our intention was to set forth just the fundamentals of group theory, avoiding excessive detail and skirting the quagmire of generalizations (however a few generalizations are nonetheless considered-see the last sections of Chapters 6 and 7). We hope that the student desiring to work in the theory of groups, having become acquainted with its fundamentals from these notes, will quickly be able to proceed to the specialist literature on his chosen topic. We have striven not to cross the boundary between abstract and scholastic group theory, elucidating difficult concepts by means of simple examples wherever possible. Four types of examples accompany the theory: numbers under addition, numbers under multiplication, permutations, and matrices.
Topics in Group Theory by Geoff Smith,Olga Tabachnikova Pdf
The theory of groups is simultaneously a branch of abstract algebra and the study of symmetry. Designed for readers approaching the subject for the first time, this book reviews all the essentials. It recaps the basic definitions and results, including Lagranges Theorem, the isomorphism theorems and group actions. Later chapters include material on chain conditions and finiteness conditions, free groups and the theory of presentations. In addition, a novel chapter of "entertainments" demonstrates an assortment of results that can be achieved with the theoretical machinery.
A Course in Linear Algebra with Applications by Derek J S Robinson Pdf
This is the second edition of the best-selling introduction to linear algebra. Presupposing no knowledge beyond calculus, it provides a thorough treatment of all the basic concepts, such as vector space, linear transformation and inner product. The concept of a quotient space is introduced and related to solutions of linear system of equations, and a simplified treatment of Jordan normal form is given. Numerous applications of linear algebra are described, including systems of linear recurrence relations, systems of linear differential equations, Markov processes, and the Method of Least Squares. An entirely new chapter on linear programing introduces the reader to the simplex algorithm with emphasis on understanding the theory behind it. The book is addressed to students who wish to learn linear algebra, as well as to professionals who need to use the methods of the subject in their own fields.
Fundamentals of Group Theory provides a comprehensive account of the basic theory of groups. Both classic and unique topics in the field are covered, such as an historical look at how Galois viewed groups, a discussion of commutator and Sylow subgroups, and a presentation of Birkhoff’s theorem. Written in a clear and accessible style, the work presents a solid introduction for students wishing to learn more about this widely applicable subject area. This book will be suitable for graduate courses in group theory and abstract algebra, and will also have appeal to advanced undergraduates. In addition it will serve as a valuable resource for those pursuing independent study. Group Theory is a timely and fundamental addition to literature in the study of groups.
Theory Of Groups And Symmetries: Finite Groups, Lie Groups, And Lie Algebras by Rubakov Valery A,Isaev Alexey P Pdf
The book presents the main approaches in study of algebraic structures of symmetries in models of theoretical and mathematical physics, namely groups and Lie algebras and their deformations. It covers the commonly encountered quantum groups (including Yangians). The second main goal of the book is to present a differential geometry of coset spaces that is actively used in investigations of models of quantum field theory, gravity and statistical physics. The third goal is to explain the main ideas about the theory of conformal symmetries, which is the basis of the AdS/CFT correspondence. The theory of groups and symmetries is an important part of theoretical physics. In elementary particle physics, cosmology and related fields, the key role is played by Lie groups and algebras corresponding to continuous symmetries. For example, relativistic physics is based on the Lorentz and Poincare groups, and the modern theory of elementary particles — the Standard Model — is based on gauge (local) symmetry with the gauge group SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1). This book presents constructions and results of a general nature, along with numerous concrete examples that have direct applications in modern theoretical and mathematical physics. Contents: Preface Groups and Transformations Lie Groups Lie Algebras Representations of Groups and Lie Algebras Compact Lie Algebras Root Systems and Classification of Simple Lie Algebras Homogeneous Spaces and their Geometry Solutions to Selected Problems Selected Bibliography References Index Readership: Graduate students and researchers in theoretical physics and mathematical physics. Keywords: Lie Groups;Lie Algebras;Representation Theory;Conformal Symmetries;Yangians;Coset Spaces;Differential Geometry;Casimir Operators;Root Systems;AdS Spaces;Lobachevskian GeometryReview:0
