The Theory Of Response Adaptive Randomization In Clinical Trials

Author : Feifang Hu,William F. Rosenberger
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2006-09-29
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780470055878

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The Theory of Response-Adaptive Randomization in Clinical Trials by Feifang Hu,William F. Rosenberger Pdf

Presents a firm mathematical basis for the use of response-adaptive randomization procedures in practice The Theory of Response-Adaptive Randomization in Clinical Trials is the result of the authors' ten-year collaboration as well as their collaborations with other researchers in investigating the important questions regarding response-adaptive randomization in a rigorous mathematical framework. Response-adaptive allocation has a long history in biostatistics literature; however, largely due to the disastrous ECMO trial in the early 1980s, there is a general reluctance to use these procedures. This timely book represents a mathematically rigorous subdiscipline of experimental design involving randomization and answers fundamental questions, including: How does response-adaptive randomization affect power? Can standard inferential tests be applied following response-adaptive randomization? What is the effect of delayed response? Which procedure is most appropriate and how can "most appropriate" be quantified? How can heterogeneity of the patient population be incorporated? Can response-adaptive randomization be performed with more than two treatments or with continuous responses? The answers to these questions communicate a thorough understanding of the asymptotic properties of each procedure discussed, including asymptotic normality, consistency, and asymptotic variance of the induced allocation. Topical coverage includes: The relationship between power and response-adaptive randomization The general result for determining asymptotically best procedures Procedures based on urn models Procedures based on sequential estimation Implications for the practice of clinical trials Useful for graduate students in mathematics, statistics, and biostatistics as well as researchers and industrial and academic biostatisticians, this book offers a rigorous treatment of the subject in order to find the optimal procedure to use in practice.

Author : William F. Rosenberger,John M. Lachin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2004-03-24
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780471654070

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Randomization in Clinical Trials by William F. Rosenberger,John M. Lachin Pdf

A unique overview that melds the concepts of conditionalprobability and stochastic processes into real-lifeapplications The role of randomization techniques in clinical trials has becomeincreasingly important. This comprehensive guide combines both theapplied aspects of randomization in clinical trials with aprobabilistic treatment of properties of randomization. Taking anunabashedly non-Bayesian and nonparametric approach to inference,the book focuses on the linear rank test under a randomizationmodel, with added discussion on likelihood-based inference as itrelates to sufficiency and ancillarity. Developments in stochasticprocesses and applied probability are also given where appropriate.Intuition is stressed over mathematics, but not without a cleardevelopment of the latter in the context of the former. Providing a consolidated review of the field, the book includesrelevant and practical discussions of: * The benefits of randomization in terms of reduction of bias * Randomization as a basis for inference * Covariate-adaptive and response-adaptive randomization * Current philosophies, controversies, and new developments With ample problem sets, theoretical exercises, and short computersimulations using SAS, Randomization in Clinical Trials: Theory andPractice is equally useful as a standard textbook in biostatisticsgraduate programs as well as a reliable reference forbiostatisticians in practice.

Author : William F. Rosenberger,John M. Lachin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2015-11-23
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781118742242

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Randomization in Clinical Trials by William F. Rosenberger,John M. Lachin Pdf

Praise for the First Edition “All medical statisticians involved in clinical trials should read this book…” - Controlled Clinical Trials Featuring a unique combination of the applied aspects of randomization in clinical trials with a nonparametric approach to inference, Randomization in Clinical Trials: Theory and Practice, Second Edition is the go-to guide for biostatisticians and pharmaceutical industry statisticians. Randomization in Clinical Trials: Theory and Practice, Second Edition features: Discussions on current philosophies, controversies, and new developments in the increasingly important role of randomization techniques in clinical trials A new chapter on covariate-adaptive randomization, including minimization techniques and inference New developments in restricted randomization and an increased focus on computation of randomization tests as opposed to the asymptotic theory of randomization tests Plenty of problem sets, theoretical exercises, and short computer simulations using SAS® to facilitate classroom teaching, simplify the mathematics, and ease readers’ understanding Randomization in Clinical Trials: Theory and Practice, Second Edition is an excellent reference for researchers as well as applied statisticians and biostatisticians. The Second Edition is also an ideal textbook for upper-undergraduate and graduate-level courses in biostatistics and applied statistics. William F. Rosenberger, PhD, is University Professor and Chairman of the Department of Statistics at George Mason University. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and author of over 80 refereed journal articles, as well as The Theory of Response-Adaptive Randomization in Clinical Trials, also published by Wiley. John M. Lachin, ScD, is Research Professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics as well as in the Department of Statistics at The George Washington University. A Fellow of the American Statistical Association and the Society for Clinical Trials, Dr. Lachin is actively involved in coordinating center activities for clinical trials of diabetes. He is the author of Biostatistical Methods: The Assessment of Relative Risks, Second Edition, also published by Wiley.

Author : Anthony C Atkinson,Atanu Biswas
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-26
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781584886938

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Randomised Response-Adaptive Designs in Clinical Trials by Anthony C Atkinson,Atanu Biswas Pdf

Randomised Response-Adaptive Designs in Clinical Trials presents methods for the randomised allocation of treatments to patients in sequential clinical trials. Emphasizing the practical application of clinical trial designs, the book is designed for medical and applied statisticians, clinicians, and statisticians in training. After introducing clinical trials in drug development, the authors assess a simple adaptive design for binary responses without covariates. They discuss randomisation and covariate balance in normally distributed responses and cover many important response-adaptive designs for binary responses. The book then develops response-adaptive designs for continuous and longitudinal responses, optimum designs with covariates, and response-adaptive designs with covariates. It also covers response-adaptive designs that are derived by optimising an objective function subject to constraints on the variance of estimated parametric functions. The concluding chapter explores future directions in the development of adaptive designs.

Author : Oleksandr Sverdlov
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2015-06-30
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781482239898

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Modern Adaptive Randomized Clinical Trials by Oleksandr Sverdlov Pdf

Is adaptive randomization always better than traditional fixed-schedule randomization? Which procedures should be used and under which circumstances? What special considerations are required for adaptive randomized trials? What kind of statistical inference should be used to achieve valid and unbiased treatment comparisons following adaptive random

Author : Scott M. Berry,Bradley P. Carlin,J. Jack Lee,Peter Muller
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2010-07-19
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781439825518

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Bayesian Adaptive Methods for Clinical Trials by Scott M. Berry,Bradley P. Carlin,J. Jack Lee,Peter Muller Pdf

Already popular in the analysis of medical device trials, adaptive Bayesian designs are increasingly being used in drug development for a wide variety of diseases and conditions, from Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis to obesity, diabetes, hepatitis C, and HIV. Written by leading pioneers of Bayesian clinical trial designs, Bayesian Adapti

Author : Richard Chin
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2016-04-19
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781439838334

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Adaptive and Flexible Clinical Trials by Richard Chin Pdf

Adaptive clinical trial designs, unlike traditional fixed clinical trial designs, enable modification of studies in response to the data generated in the course of the trial. This often results in studies that are substantially faster, more efficient, and more powerful. Recent developments in web-based real-time data entry and advances in statistical methods have made adaptive clinical trials much more popular because they have become both more practical and attractive. However, there is paucity of resources that explain the mathematical framework and the practical considerations for adaptive designs without the use of highly technical statistical jargon. Suitable for readers in academia, industry, and government involved in drug development, Adaptive and Flexible Clinical Trials is the first book that comprehensively explains all essential aspects of adaptive clinical trials. Written in an easy-to-understand style aimed at clinicians and other non-statisticians, this book focuses not on the statistical details, but rather on the application of statistical concepts for adaptive clinical trials. Utilizing concrete examples, the book thoroughly explains the design, conduct, and analysis of adaptive and flexible clinical trials, allowing readers to select and design the appropriate trial designs from a conceptual perspective. From basic theory to real-life practical issues, it covers all aspects of adaptive and flexible clinical trials, including regulatory issues, interim analysis, adaptive dosing, and sequential designs.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strategies for Small-Number-Participant Clinical Research Trials
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2001-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309171148

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Small Clinical Trials by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strategies for Small-Number-Participant Clinical Research Trials Pdf

Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a "large" trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement.

Author : Mark Chang
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 689 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2014-12-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781482256604

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Adaptive Design Theory and Implementation Using SAS and R by Mark Chang Pdf

Get Up to Speed on Many Types of Adaptive DesignsSince the publication of the first edition, there have been remarkable advances in the methodology and application of adaptive trials. Incorporating many of these new developments, Adaptive Design Theory and Implementation Using SAS and R, Second Edition offers a detailed framework to understand the

Author : Shein-Chung Chow,Mark Chang
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2011-12-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781439839881

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Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials by Shein-Chung Chow,Mark Chang Pdf

With new statistical and scientific issues arising in adaptive clinical trial design, including the U.S. FDA's recent draft guidance, a new edition of one of the first books on the topic is needed. Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials, Second Edition reflects recent developments and regulatory positions on the use of adaptive designs in clini

Author : Steven Piantadosi,Curtis L. Meinert
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 2573 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2022-07-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783319526362

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Principles and Practice of Clinical Trials by Steven Piantadosi,Curtis L. Meinert Pdf

This is a comprehensive major reference work for our SpringerReference program covering clinical trials. Although the core of the Work will focus on the design, analysis, and interpretation of scientific data from clinical trials, a broad spectrum of clinical trial application areas will be covered in detail. This is an important time to develop such a Work, as drug safety and efficacy emphasizes the Clinical Trials process. Because of an immense and growing international disease burden, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies continue to develop new drugs. Clinical trials have also become extremely globalized in the past 15 years, with over 225,000 international trials ongoing at this point in time. Principles in Practice of Clinical Trials is truly an interdisciplinary that will be divided into the following areas: 1) Clinical Trials Basic Perspectives 2) Regulation and Oversight 3) Basic Trial Designs 4) Advanced Trial Designs 5) Analysis 6) Trial Publication 7) Topics Related Specific Populations and Legal Aspects of Clinical Trials The Work is designed to be comprised of 175 chapters and approximately 2500 pages. The Work will be oriented like many of our SpringerReference Handbooks, presenting detailed and comprehensive expository chapters on broad subjects. The Editors are major figures in the field of clinical trials, and both have written textbooks on the topic. There will also be a slate of 7-8 renowned associate editors that will edit individual sections of the Reference.

Author : Sandeep Menon,Richard C. Zink
Publisher : SAS Institute
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12-09
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781629600826

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Modern Approaches to Clinical Trials Using SAS by Sandeep Menon,Richard C. Zink Pdf

Get the tools you need to use SAS® in clinical trial design! Unique and multifaceted, Modern Approaches to Clinical Trials Using SAS: Classical, Adaptive, and Bayesian Methods, edited by Sandeep M. Menon and Richard C. Zink, thoroughly covers several domains of modern clinical trial design: classical, group sequential, adaptive, and Bayesian methods that are applicable to and widely used in various phases of pharmaceutical development. Written for biostatisticians, pharmacometricians, clinical developers, and statistical programmers involved in the design, analysis, and interpretation of clinical trials, as well as students in graduate and postgraduate programs in statistics or biostatistics, the book touches on a wide variety of topics, including dose-response and dose-escalation designs; sequential methods to stop trials early for overwhelming efficacy, safety, or futility; Bayesian designs that incorporate historical data; adaptive sample size re-estimation; adaptive randomization to allocate subjects to more effective treatments; and population enrichment designs. Methods are illustrated using clinical trials from diverse therapeutic areas, including dermatology, endocrinology, infectious disease, neurology, oncology, and rheumatology. Individual chapters are authored by renowned contributors, experts, and key opinion leaders from the pharmaceutical/medical device industry or academia. Numerous real-world examples and sample SAS code enable users to readily apply novel clinical trial design and analysis methodologies in practice.

Author : Annpey Pong,Shein-Chung Chow
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-19
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 1439810176

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Handbook of Adaptive Designs in Pharmaceutical and Clinical Development by Annpey Pong,Shein-Chung Chow Pdf

In response to the US FDA's Critical Path Initiative, innovative adaptive designs are being used more and more in clinical trials due to their flexibility and efficiency, especially during early phase development. Handbook of Adaptive Designs in Pharmaceutical and Clinical Development provides a comprehensive and unified presentation of the princip

Author : Nancy Flournoy,William F. Rosenberger
Publisher : IMS
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0940600366

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Adaptive Designs by Nancy Flournoy,William F. Rosenberger Pdf

Author : Anton Bespalov,Martin C. Michel,Thomas Steckler
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-01-01
Category : Cardiology
ISBN : 9783030336561

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Good Research Practice in Non-Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedicine by Anton Bespalov,Martin C. Michel,Thomas Steckler Pdf

This open access book, published under a CC BY 4.0 license in the Pubmed indexed book series Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, provides up-to-date information on best practice to improve experimental design and quality of research in non-clinical pharmacology and biomedicine.