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Author : Antonio Cassese,B. V. A. Roling
Publisher : Polity
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1994-12-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 074561485X
This book provides a unique insider's view of the International Military Tribunal at the end of the Second World War and reflects on the nature and limits of international law in peacekeeping.
Author : Yuki Tanaka,Timothy L.H. McCormack,Gerry Simpson
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-09
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789004215917
The aim of this new collection of essays is to engage in analysis beyond the familiar victor’s justice critiques. The editors have drawn on authors from across the world — including Australia, Japan, China, France, Korea, New Zealand and the United Kingdom — with expertise in the fields of international humanitarian law, international criminal law, Japanese studies, modern Japanese history, and the use of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. The diverse backgrounds of the individual authors allow the editors to present essays which provide detailed and original analyses of the Tokyo Trial from legal, philosophical and historical perspectives.
Author : Bernard Victor Aloysius Röling
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
Page : 143 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1993-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0745610064
This book is an outstanding account of the International Military Tribunal that took place in Tokyo at the end of World War II. As in the Nuremberg Trial, the leaders of Japan were accused of crimes against peace and crimes against humanity as well as war crimes.
Author : Aleksandra Babovic
Publisher : Springer
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-01-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9789811334771
Fully utilizing the latest archival material, this book provides a comprehensive, multi-dimensional and nuanced understanding of the Tokyo Tribunal by delving into the temporal aspects that extended the relevance and reverberations of the Tribunal beyond its end in 1948. With this as a backdrop, this book contributes to the study of Japanese postwar diplomacy. It shows the Tokyo Tribunal is still very much an experiment in progress, and how the process itself has helped Japan to quickly shed its imperial past and remain ambiguous as to its war responsibilities. From a wider vantage point, this book augments the existing scholarship of international criminal law and justice, offering a clear framework as to the limits of what international criminal tribunals can accomplish and offers a must-read for academics and students as well as for practitioners, journalists and policymakers interested in international criminal law and US-Japanese diplomatic history,
Author : Mei Ju-ao
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 301 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9789811598135
The book examines the process and the impact of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), otherwise known as the Tokyo Trial, which was convened in 1946 to try the Japanese leaders accused of committing war crimes during World War II. Offering valuable research materials, it studies the lessons learned from the failed attempt after World War I, and the background and establishment of the IMTFE. It elaborates on the Charter, the Indictment, the Proceeding Records, and the Judgment of the IMTFE, with an emphasis on principles of international law and other legal questions, often with reference to the Nuremberg Trial. It also discusses the structure and different parts of the court organization, the selection and prosecution of Class-A war criminals, and the trial procedures especially those relating to evidence. The author’s personal experience and his criticism of certain aspects of the Tokyo Trial make it most insightful for the reader. From the perspective of a Chinese judge, this unique text brings in the dimensions of both international law and international relations, and allows us to measure the significance and legacy of the Tokyo Trial for contemporary international criminal justice. The author’s manuscript of this book was written in Chinese in the mid-1960s as part of a larger project, and was initially published in 1988. This is the first time that this book has been translated into English.
Author : Mei Ju-ao
Publisher : Springer
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2019-06-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9789811377952
Written by Chinese Jurist Mei Ju-ao, this significant book considers both the process and the impact of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, otherwise known as the Tokyo Trial, which was convened in 1946 to try political military leaders accused of involvement in war crimes. Offering valuable research material on the establishment of the tribunal, it examines the background to the establishment of the International Military Tribunal and the lessons learned from earlier trials of World War One War Criminals. Written from the perspective of a Chinese prosecutor who was both jurist and witness, this unique text engages with the Tokyo Trial from an interdisciplinary perspective bringing in both international law and international relations, measuring over 7 decades later the significance and ongoing legacy of the Tokyo Trial for contemporary international criminal justice in Asia and beyond..
Author : Jeanne Guillemin
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 542 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780231544986
In the aftermath of World War II, the Allied intent to bring Axis crimes to light led to both the Nuremberg trials and their counterpart in Tokyo, the International Military Tribunal of the Far East. Yet the Tokyo Trial failed to prosecute imperial Japanese leaders for the worst of war crimes: inhumane medical experimentation, including vivisection and open-air pathogen and chemical tests, which rivaled Nazi atrocities, as well as mass attacks using plague, anthrax, and cholera that killed thousands of Chinese civilians. In Hidden Atrocities, Jeanne Guillemin goes behind the scenes at the trial to reveal the American obstruction that denied justice to Japan’s victims. Responsibility for Japan’s secret germ-warfare program, organized as Unit 731 in Harbin, China, extended to top government leaders and many respected scientists, all of whom escaped indictment. Instead, motivated by early Cold War tensions, U.S. military intelligence in Tokyo insinuated itself into the Tokyo Trial by blocking prosecution access to key witnesses and then classifying incriminating documents. Washington decision makers, supported by the American occupation leader, General Douglas MacArthur, sought to acquire Japan’s biological-warfare expertise to gain an advantage over the Soviet Union, suspected of developing both biological and nuclear weapons. Ultimately, U.S. national-security goals left the victims of Unit 731 without vindication. Decades later, evidence of the Unit 731 atrocities still troubles relations between China and Japan. Guillemin’s vivid account of the cover-up at the Tokyo Trial shows how without guarantees of transparency, power politics can jeopardize international justice, with persistent consequences.
Author : Mei Ju-ao
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-02-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9811074038
This book examines the process and the impact of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, otherwise known as the Tokyo Trial, which was convened in 1946 to try political military leaders accused of involvement in war crimes. Offering valuable research material on the establishment of the tribunal, it studies the background to the establishment of the International Military Tribunal and the lessons learned from earlier trials of World War One War Criminals. It addresses the IMTFE charter and records the establishment and development of the Tokyo Trial war crime principles, the confirmation of the Class A War Criminal list and the subsequent arrests and interrogations. It revisits the organization of the judges, the responsibilities of the prosecution and defense teams as well as the US representation in the defence. Offering the perspective of a Chinese prosecutor who was both jurist and witness, this unique text engages with the Tokyo Trial from an interdisciplinary perspective, bringing in both international law and international relations, and over seven decades later measures the significance and ongoing legacy of the Tokyo Trial for contemporary international criminal justice in Asia and beyond.
Author : Yuma Totani
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-03-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781684174737
"This book assesses the historical significance of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE)—commonly called the Tokyo trial—established as the eastern counterpart of the Nuremberg trial in the immediate aftermath of World War II. Through extensive research in Japanese, American, Australian, and Indian archives, Yuma Totani taps into a large body of previously underexamined sources to explore some of the central misunderstandings and historiographical distortions that have persisted to the present day. Foregrounding these voluminous records, Totani disputes the notion that the trial was an exercise in “victors’ justice” in which the legal process was egregiously compromised for political and ideological reasons; rather, the author details the achievements of the Allied prosecution teams in documenting war crimes and establishing the responsibility of the accused parties to show how the IMTFE represented a sound application of the legal principles established at Nuremberg. This study deepens our knowledge of the historical intricacies surrounding the Tokyo trial and advances our understanding of the Japanese conduct of war and occupation during World War II, the range of postwar debates on war guilt, and the relevance of the IMTFE to the continuing development of international humanitarian law."
Author : Marina Aksenova,Diane Marie Amann,David Cohen,Robert Cribb,David M. Crowe,Donald M. Ferencz,Narrelle Morris,Diane Orentlicher,Kuniko Ozaki,Christoph Safferling,Franziska Seraphim,Gerry Simpson,Kayoko Takeda,Yuma Totani,Beatrice Trefalt,Sandra Wilson
Publisher : Torkel Opsahl Academic EPublisher
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2020-10-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 9788283481389
The ‘International Military Tribunal for the Far East’ (IMTFE), held in Tokyo from May 1946 to November 1948, was a landmark event in the development of modern international criminal law. The trial in Tokyo was a complex undertaking and international effort to hold individuals accountable for core international crimes and delivering justice. The Tribunal consisted of 11 judges and respective national prosecution teams from 11 countries, and a mixed Japanese–American team of defence lawyers. The IMTFE indicted 28 Japanese defendants, amongst them former prime ministers, cabinet ministers, military leaders, and diplomats, based on a 55-count indictment pertaining to crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. The judgment was not unanimous, with one majority judgment, two concurring opinions, and three dissenting opinions. The trial and the outcome were the subject of significant controversy and the Tribunal’s files were subsequently shelved in the archives. While its counterpart in Europe, the ‘International Military Tribunal’ (IMT) at Nuremberg, has been at the centre of public and scholarly interest, the Tokyo Tribunal has more recently gained international scholarly attention. This volume combines perspectives from law, history, and the social sciences to discuss the legal, historical, political and cultural significance of the Tokyo Tribunal. The collection is based on an international conference marking the 70th anniversary of the judgment of the IMTFE, which was held in Nuremberg in 2018. The volume features reflections by eminent scholars and experts on the establishment and functioning of the Tribunal, procedural and substantive issues as well as receptions and repercussions of the trial.
Author : Madoka Futamura
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2007-10-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781134091317
Advocates of the ‘Nuremberg legacy’ emphasize the positive impact of the individualization of responsibility and the establishment of an historical record through judicial procedures for ‘war crimes’. This legacy has been cited in the context of the establishment and operation of the UN ad hoc International Criminal Tribunals in the 1990s, as well as for the International Criminal Court. The problem with this legacy, however, is that it is based solely on the experience of West Germany. Furthermore, the effect of the procedure on post-conflict society has not been empirically examined. This book does this by analyzing the Tokyo Trial, the other International Military Tribunal established after the Second World War, and its impact on post-war Japan. Madoka Futamura examines the short- and long-term impact of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (the Tokyo Trial), on post-war Japan, in order to improve the understanding of and strategy for ongoing international war crimes tribunals. War Crimes Tribunals and Transitional Justice will be of much interest to students of war crimes, international law, transitional justice and international relations in general.
Author : Kei Ushimura
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 362 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : East and West
ISBN : UOM:39015064100301
Critique of Maruyama Masao¿s "psychology of the militarist rulers"--I do not evade responsibility : general matsui iwane and the nanjing incident - "Regard for feelings between private individuals" and "Haragei" : the logic of foreign minister togo shigenori - Western responsibility, eastern responsibility : Hermann Göring and Tojo Hideki - Takeyama Michio and the Tokyo Trial - Judge Röling and Japan : on reading the Tokyo Trial and Beyond - Echoing critiques of the hull note : Judge Radhabinod pal and Albert Nock - Justice across the ocean : attorney Ben Bruce Blakeney - The foreign minister as critic : Togo Shigenori and changing views of civilization - Confronting the other : the prison diary of lieutemant general Kawamura Saburó.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2018-03-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9789004361058
The Tokyo Tribunal (1946-1948) tried Japanese leaders for war crimes committed during the Second World War, but behind the scenes, old legal traditions contended with new legal ethics and refigured cultural perceptions of how to bringing about justice.
Author : Eric Jaffe
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2014-01-14
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9781451612059
Beyond 'all vestiges of doubt,' concluded a classified American intelligence report, 'Okawa moved in the best circles of nationalist intrigue.' Okawa's guilt as a conspirator appeared straightforward. But on the first day of the Tokyo trial, he made headlines around the world by slapping star defendant and wartime prime minister Tojo Hideki on the head. Had Okawa lost his sanity? Or was he faking madness to avoid a grim punishment? A U.S. Army psychiatrist stationed in occupied Japan, Major Daniel Jaffe--the author's grandfather--was assigned to determine Okawa's ability to stand trial, and thus his fate. Jaffe was no stranger to madness. He had seen it his whole life: in his mother, as a boy in Brooklyn; in soldiers, on the battlefields of Europe. Now his seasoned eye faced the ultimate test. If Jaffe deemed Okawa sane, the war crimes suspect might be hanged.
Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1727822269
*Includes pictures *Includes contemporary records *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading "There were, I suppose, three possible courses: to let the atrocities which had been committed go unpunished; to put the perpetrators to death or punish them by executive action; or to try them. Which was it to be? Was it possible to let such atrocities go unpunished? Could France, could Russia, could Holland, Belgium, Norway, Czechoslovakia, Poland or Yugoslavia be expected to consent to such a course? ... It will be remembered that after the first world war alleged criminals were handed over to be tried by Germany, and what a farce that was! The majority got off and such sentences as were inflicted were derisory and were soon remitted." - Baron Geoffrey Lawrence, December 1946 At the end of World War II, the world was faced with some sobering statistics. With over 50,000,000 deaths when both military and civilian losses had been accounted for, the death toll was devastating, and for many of those who lived in countries that had been ravaged by war, hunger and financial strain had become parts of daily life. Furthermore, beyond the physical damage was the growing knowledge of the atrocities that had been committed both before and during the war. In fact, the Allies were discussing how to dole out justice for Axis war crimes as early as 1943, and once the war was over, the victorious Allies sought to address every aspect of it to both punish war criminals and attempt to ensure that there was never a conflict like it again. The judgment of the German leadership and its role in the death, destruction, and demoralization they had brought to the world would take place at Nuremberg. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of 13 proceedings held under the authority of the International Military Tribunal between November 1945 and June 1948, but the trial most associated with Nuremberg is the first trial, in which eight judges appointed by Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and France deliberated over the guilt or innocence of 22 men identified as significant leaders of the Nazi cause. This trial took place between November 20, 1945 and August 31, 1946. Later trials included other Germans who held what were considered to be position of power- doctors, businessman, or lower-level functionaries whose positions of influence gave them, in the eyes of the Allies, increased responsibility for their actions. Though almost every person convicted in the 13 Nuremberg Trials was male, there was also a female physician convicted at the doctors' trial. Though they are now mostly forgotten, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East was the Pacific Theater's equivalent. Known as the Tokyo Trials, 11 countries contributed prosecutors as 28 Japanese faced trials for crimes against humanity. The trials were politically charged from the start, considering the end of World War II, the beginning of the Cold War, and the American occupation of Japan, and in many respects, the Tokyo Trials were part of a new era in American-Japanese relations. The Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal: The History and Legacy of the War Crimes Trials against Japan after World War II chronicles the history of the trials from their conception to their completion. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about the trials like never before.