The U S Canadian Automotive Products Agreement Of 1965
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means Publisher : Unknown Page : 328 pages File Size : 54,5 Mb Release : 1965 Category : Duty-free importation of automobiles ISBN : UCAL:$B655298
Automotive Products Agreement Between the United States and Canada by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Canadian Affairs Pdf
The Canadian Automotive Industry and the 1965 Canada - United States Automotive Products Tariff Agreement by Keith J. Brewer Pdf
The higher costs in the Canadian automotive industry, in comparison with the costs in the U.S. automotive industry, mean that the Canadian industry could not survive in direct competition with the U.S. industry. The integrated nature of the operations of these industries, however, provides the basis for their rationalization into a combined North American industry. This is to be achieved by means of the Automotive Products Tariff Agreement contracted between Canada and the U.S. in 1965. The purpose of the Agreement is to enable both countries to benefit through reduced costs and more efficient production. The thesis examines the terms of the Agreement and points out the factors which will have a bearing on its future success. It is not possible to examine closely the affairs of individual companies since, for the most part, the necessary data is not published. Accordingly, the data used in the thesis is obtained from public documents, trade associations, and individuals connected with the industry.
Canada and the United States signed the Automotive Products Trade Agreement (Auto Pact) in 1965, thus resolving a competitive crisis in Canada's auto industry and extending that industry's vitality for another 35 years, until a decision of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in February 2000 determined that the Pact violated international trading rules. Following an unsuccessful appeal by Canada to the WTO's Appellate Body, the pact formally came to an end in February 2001. For policymakers and scholars concerned with international trade, the story of the Pact presents a fascinating case in its own right. The great value of this remarkable book, however, is its elucidation of the main issue underlying the Pact and its forced ending: the relationship between international trade rules on the one hand and investment measures intended to encourage local economic activity on the other. In this connection the Canadian auto industry and centered in Windsor, Ontario, directly across the river from Detroit, the heart of the industry in the U.S.and offers an intensely concentrated sample of the triple nexus of investment, labour and trade that lies at the core of economic development worldwide. Sixteen expert authors, both practitioners and academics, here open perspectives on this nexus that are of profound significance for the future of international trade. These encompass such matters as the following: andthe vulnerabilities of a local community dependent on trade and open borders; andlabour union tensions engendered by trade rule 'levelling' that takes little or no account of national or local economic realities; andimplications for developing countries of the WTO finding that a production-to-sales ratio is a prohibited export subsidy; andthe impact of Mexico's role under NAFTA on the Canadian auto industry; national and local regulation of government subsidies intended to attract investment; andongoing multinational efforts to create a multilateral regime to protect and regulate foreign direct investment; and andthe persistent failure of the WTO to reach a consensus on labour standards despite the clear provisions of major international law instruments. All these issues and more are brought into sharp focus by the history of the Auto Pact and the implications of its demise. For this reason, this collection of insightful essays will be of incomparable value to professionals in every area of international trade. The Auto Pact: Investment, Labour and the WTO was produced with the support of the Canadian-American Research Centre for Law and Policy at the Faculty of Law, University of Windsor.
The 1965 Canada-United States Automotive Trade agreement fundamentally reshaped relations between the automotive business and the state in both countries and represented a significant step toward the creation of an integrated North American economy. Breaking from previous conceptions of the agreement as solely a product of intergovernmental negotiation, Dimitry Anastakis's Auto Pact argues that the 'big three' auto companies played a pivotal role - and benefited immensely - in the creation and implementation of this new automotive regime. With the border effectively erased by the agreement, the pact transformed these giant enterprises into truly global corporations. Drawing from newly released archival sources, Anastakis demonstrates that, for Canada's automotive policy makers, continentalism was a form of economic nationalism. Although the deal represented the end of any notion of an indigenous Canadian automotive industry, significant economic gains were achieved for Canadians under the agreement. Anastakis provides a fresh and alternative view of the auto pact that places it firmly within contemporary debates about the nature of free trade as well as North American - and, indeed, global - integration. Far from being a mere artefact of history, the deal was a forebearer to what is now known as 'globalization.'
