The United States And Military Coups In Turkey And Pakistan

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The United States and Military Coups in Turkey and Pakistan

Ömer Aslan
The United States and Military Coups in Turkey and Pakistan Book PDF

Author : Ömer Aslan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9783319660110

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The United States and Military Coups in Turkey and Pakistan by Ömer Aslan Pdf

This comparative study explores the involvement of the United States in four successful military coups in Turkey and Pakistan during the Cold War. Focusing on military-to-military relations with the US in each country, the book offers insight into how external actors can impact the outcomes of coups, particularly through socialization via military training, education, and international organizations such as NATO. Drawing upon recently declassified government documents and a trove of unexplored interviews with high-ranking officials, Ömer Aslan also examines how coup plotters in both countries approached the issue of US reaction before, during, and after their coups. As armed forces have continued to make and unmake Turkish and Pakistani governments well into the twenty-first century, this volume offers original, probing analysis of the circumstances which make coups possible.

The Dubious Case of a Failed Coup

Feride Çiçekoğlu,Ömer Turan
The Dubious Case of a Failed Coup Book PDF

Author : Feride Çiçekoğlu,Ömer Turan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2018-09-18
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789811311413

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The Dubious Case of a Failed Coup by Feride Çiçekoğlu,Ömer Turan Pdf

This volume is an attempt to contextualise the coup attempt of 15 July 2016 in Turkey, within the framework of militarism and masculinities. The immediate aftermath of the 15 July in Turkey witnessed confusion, contestation and negotiation among different narratives, until a hegemonic version was superimposed on the collective memory as part of official history building. This project is an attempt to bring a fresh and critical perspective by compiling together analyses from various disciplines of political science, media and film studies, literature, sociology and cultural studies. Several chapters of this volume delineate the paradox of “victorious militarism,” meaning that despite the failure of the coup, its aftermath has been shaped by a new wave of state-sponsored gendered militarism, with the establishment of a regime of “state of emergency.”

Routledge Handbook on Turkish Literature

Didem Havlioğlu,Zeynep Uysal
Routledge Handbook on Turkish Literature Book PDF

Author : Didem Havlioğlu,Zeynep Uysal
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 623 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04-10
Category : Literary Criticism
ISBN : 9781000842333

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Routledge Handbook on Turkish Literature by Didem Havlioğlu,Zeynep Uysal Pdf

This Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of Turkish literature within both a local and global context. Across eight thematic sections a collection of subject experts use close readings of literature materials to provide a critical survey of the main issues and topics within the literature. The chapters provide analysis on a wide range of genres and text types, including novels, poetry, religious texts, and drama, with works studied ranging from the fourteenth century right up to the present day. Using such a historic scope allows the volume to be read across cultures and time, while simultaneously contextualizing and investigating how modern Turkish literature interacts with world literature, and finds its place within it. Collectively, the authors challenge the national literary historiography by replacing the Ottoman Turkish literature in the Anatolian civilizations with its plurality of cultures. They also seek to overcome the institutional and theoretical shortcomings within current study of such works, suggesting new approaches and methods for the study of Turkish literature. The Routledge Handbook on Turkish Literature marks a new departure in the reading and studying of Turkish literature. It will be a vital resource for those studying literature, Middle East studies, Turkish and Ottoman history, social sciences, and political science.

The Democratic Coup D'état

Ozan O. Varol
The Democratic Coup D tat Book PDF

Author : Ozan O. Varol
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190626020

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The Democratic Coup D'état by Ozan O. Varol Pdf

The term coup d'état--French for stroke of the state--brings to mind coups staged by power-hungry generals who overthrow the existing regime, not to democratize, but to concentrate power in their own hands as dictators. We assume all coups look the same, smell the same, and present the same threats to democracy. It's a powerful, concise, and self-reinforcing idea. It's also wrong. In The Democratic Coup d'État, Ozan Varol advances a simple, yet controversial, argument: Sometimes, a democracy is established through a military coup. Covering events from the Athenian Navy's stance in 411 B.C. against a tyrannical home government, to coups in the American colonies that ousted corrupt British governors, to twentieth-century coups that toppled dictators and established democracy in countries as diverse as Guinea-Bissau, Portugal, and Colombia, the book takes the reader on a gripping journey. Connecting the dots between these neglected events, Varol weaves a balanced narrative that challenges everything we thought we knew about military coups. In so doing, he tackles several baffling questions: How can an event as undemocratic as a military coup lead to democracy? Why would imposing generals-armed with tanks and guns and all-voluntarily surrender power to civilian politicians? What distinguishes militaries that help build democracies from those that destroy them? Varol's arguments made headlines across the globe in major media outlets and were cited critically in a public speech by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Written for a general audience, this book will entertain, challenge, and provoke, but more importantly, serve as a reminder of the imperative to question the standard narratives about our world and engage with all ideas, no matter how controversial.

Paramilitarism

Uğur Ümit Üngör
Paramilitarism Book PDF

Author : Uğur Ümit Üngör
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2020-07-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9780192558985

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Paramilitarism by Uğur Ümit Üngör Pdf

From the deserts of Sudan to the jungles of Colombia, and from the streets of Belfast to the mountains of Kurdistan, paramilitaries have appeared in violent conflicts in very different settings. Paramilitaries are generally depicted as irregular armed organizations that carry out acts of violence against civilians on behalf of a state. In doing so, they undermine the state's monopoly of legitimate violence, while at the same time creating a breeding ground for criminal activities. Why do governments with functioning police forces and armies use paramilitary groups? This study tackles this question through the prism of the interpenetration of paramilitaries and the state. The author interprets paramilitarism as the ability of the state to successfully outsource mass political violence against civilians that transforms and traumatizes societies. It analyses how paramilitarism can be understood in global context, and how paramilitarism is connected to transformations of warfare and state-society relations. By comparing a broad range of cases, it looks at how paramilitarism has made a profound impact in a large number of countries that were different, but nevertheless shared a history of pro-government militia activity. A thorough understanding of paramilitarism can clarify the direction and intensity of violence in wartime and peacetime. The volume examines the issues of international involvement, institutional support, organized crime, party politics, and personal ties.

The Cold War [5 volumes]

Spencer C. Tucker
The Cold War 5 volumes Book PDF

Author : Spencer C. Tucker
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 2392 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-27
Category : History
ISBN : 9781440860768

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The Cold War [5 volumes] by Spencer C. Tucker Pdf

This sweeping reference work covers every aspect of the Cold War, from its ignition in the ashes of World War II, through the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis, to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Cold War superpower face-off between the Soviet Union and the United States dominated international affairs in the second half of the 20th century and still reverberates around the world today. This comprehensive and insightful multivolume set provides authoritative entries on all aspects of this world-changing event, including wars, new military technologies, diplomatic initiatives, espionage activities, important individuals and organizations, economic developments, societal and cultural events, and more. This expansive coverage provides readers with the necessary context to understand the many facets of this complex conflict. The work begins with a preface and introduction and then offers illuminating introductory essays on the origins and course of the Cold War, which are followed by some 1,500 entries on key individuals, wars, battles, weapons systems, diplomacy, politics, economics, and art and culture. Each entry has cross-references and a list of books for further reading. The text includes more than 100 key primary source documents, a detailed chronology, a glossary, and a selective bibliography. Numerous illustrations and maps are inset throughout to provide additional context to the material.

The Colonels' Coup and the American Embassy

Robert V. Keeley
The Colonels Coup and the American Embassy Book PDF

Author : Robert V. Keeley
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-15
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780271050119

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The Colonels' Coup and the American Embassy by Robert V. Keeley Pdf

The so-called Colonels&’ coup of April 21, 1967, was a major event in the history of the Cold War, ushering in a seven-year period of military rule in Greece. In the wake of the coup, some eight thousand people affiliated with the Communist Party were rounded up, and Greece became yet another country where the fear of Communism led the United States into alliance with a repressive right-wing authoritarian regime. In military coups in some other countries, it is known that the CIA and other agencies of the U.S. government played an active role in encouraging and facilitating the takeover. The Colonels&’ coup, however, came as a surprise to the United States (which was expecting a Generals&’ coup instead). Yet the U.S. government accepted it after the fact, despite internal disputes within policymaking circles about the wisdom of accommodating the upstart Papadopoulos regime. Among the dissenters was Robert Keeley, then serving in the U.S. Embassy in Greece. This is his insider&’s account of how U.S. policy was formulated, debated, and implemented during the critical years 1966 to 1969 in Greek-U.S. relations.

U.S.-Turkey Relations

Madeline Albright,Steven Cook,Stephen Hadley,Senior Fellow Steven A Cook
U S Turkey Relations Book PDF

Author : Madeline Albright,Steven Cook,Stephen Hadley,Senior Fellow Steven A Cook
Publisher : Council on Foreign Relations
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780876095263

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U.S.-Turkey Relations by Madeline Albright,Steven Cook,Stephen Hadley,Senior Fellow Steven A Cook Pdf

Turkey is a rising regional and global power facing, as is the United States, the challenges of political transitions in the Middle East, bloodshed in Syria, and Iran's pursuit of nuclear weapons. As a result, it is incumbent upon the leaders of the United States and Turkey to define a new partnership "in order to make a strategic relationship a reality," says a new Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)-sponsored Independent Task Force.

The Warrior State

T. V. Paul
The Warrior State Book PDF

Author : T. V. Paul
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 267 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190231446

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The Warrior State by T. V. Paul Pdf

Outlines revisionist approaches to understanding instability in Pakistan and the unintended consequences of foreign aid, evaluating the troubled country's nuclear arsenal and terrorist occupancy while profiling unexpected sources of its poor economy and corrupt political system.

The Militant Kurds

Vera Eccarius-Kelly
The Militant Kurds Book PDF

Author : Vera Eccarius-Kelly
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2010-12-07
Category : History
ISBN : 9798216117469

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The Militant Kurds by Vera Eccarius-Kelly Pdf

This extensive examination of the Kurdish conflict in Turkey, Iraq, Germany, and the EU focuses on the history and development of the Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) and its impact on transnational security, human rights, and democratization. The Militant Kurds: A Dual Strategy for Freedom explores the complexity of the 30-year guerrilla war of the Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) against the Turkish Republic, identifying longstanding obstacles to peace and probing the new dynamics that may lead to an end to the conflict. In doing so, the book provides fascinating insights into Turkey's national ethos, its dominant military culture, and civil society's struggle for increased democratization. The Militant Kurds offers an extensive analysis of the precarious position of the Kurdish minority, beginning with the establishment of the modern Turkish republic in 1923. Divided into five sections examining current political realities in Turkey, the book investigates the role of Islam and ethnicity, analyzes the rise of the PKK, discusses Turkish military culture, and explains the international dimensions of the Kurdish conflict. Comparative historical, political, and socioeconomic examples contextualize the long struggle for Kurdish self-determination. Each chapter offers an analysis of the underlying dynamics of the conflict and provides up-to-date explanations.

Turkish-Russian Relations

Gökçe Bayindir Goularas,Natalya Ketenci
Turkish Russian Relations Book PDF

Author : Gökçe Bayindir Goularas,Natalya Ketenci
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781793606259

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Turkish-Russian Relations by Gökçe Bayindir Goularas,Natalya Ketenci Pdf

Turkey and Russia are countries with growing international importance. Turkish-Russian Relations: Prospects and Challenges analyzes Turkish-Russian relations from multiple perspectives in order to better understand the multifaceted arenas of their cooperation and how these relations may affect the collaboration with other countries. The first part of this book starts with a geopolitical analysis of Turkish–Russian relations in the context of the Middle East and then delves into the origin of these relations with reference to Cold War realities still in play today. The next part of the book analyzes the Turkish-Russian relations in terms of micro-level studies, with special reference to mass media, suicide, and migration, to give color to a dynamic and constantly changing geopolitical relationship.

Secular States, Religious Politics

Sumantra Bose
Secular States Religious Politics Book PDF

Author : Sumantra Bose
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2018-05-03
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781108472036

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Secular States, Religious Politics by Sumantra Bose Pdf

Presents a comparative study of two major attempts to build secular states - India and Turkey - in the non-Western world

Seventy-five Years of the Turkish Republic

Sylvia Kedourie
Seventy five Years of the Turkish Republic Book PDF

Author : Sylvia Kedourie
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013-09-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781135267056

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Seventy-five Years of the Turkish Republic by Sylvia Kedourie Pdf

This collection examines the issues which - over the first 75 years of the Turkish Republic - have shaped, and will continue to influence, Turkey's foreign and domestic policy: the legacy of the Ottoman empire, the concept of citizenship, secular democracy, Islamicism and civil-military relations.

Print Media and Civil-Military Relations in Greece and Turkey

Duygu Ozturk
Print Media and Civil Military Relations in Greece and Turkey Book PDF

Author : Duygu Ozturk
Publisher : Transnational Press London
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781801352291

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Print Media and Civil-Military Relations in Greece and Turkey by Duygu Ozturk Pdf

The media in Greece and Turkey have played a crucial role in the political communication in their countries. Along with their main functions of monitoring the policies of the government on behalf of the public and providing news, the media in these two countries also served as key actors producing meanings through interpretative journalism. This study analyzes how Greek and Turkish newspapers’ columnists interpreted and framed military takeovers in their countries after the takeovers had happened. Refuting arguments in the literature asserting that Greek columnists kept their silence during the military regime due to censorship, while there was strong and open support in Turkey among newspaper columnists for the 12 September coup and the subsequent rule, this study argues that the situations in both countries were much more complex than these studies have claimed. It shows that important similarities existed between Greek and Turkish officers’ approach to the media in their countries during their respective periods of rule. In addition, Greek and Turkish columnists shared both similarities and differences in their framings and interpretations of the military’s takeover in their countries and the subsequent interregna.

How to Prevent Coups d'État

Erica De Bruin
How to Prevent Coups d tat Book PDF

Author : Erica De Bruin
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 147 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781501751929

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How to Prevent Coups d'État by Erica De Bruin Pdf

In this lively and provocative book, Erica De Bruin looks at the threats that rulers face from their own armed forces. Can they make their regimes impervious to coups? How to Prevent Coups d'État shows that how leaders organize their coercive institutions has a profound effect on the survival of their regimes. When rulers use presidential guards, militarized police, and militia to counterbalance the regular military, efforts to oust them from power via coups d'état are less likely to succeed. Even as counterbalancing helps to prevent successful interventions, however, the resentment that it generates within the regular military can provoke new coup attempts. And because counterbalancing changes how soldiers and police perceive the costs and benefits of a successful overthrow, it can create incentives for protracted fighting that result in the escalation of a coup into full-blown civil war. Drawing on an original dataset of state security forces in 110 countries over a span of fifty years, as well as case studies of coup attempts in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East, De Bruin sheds light on how counterbalancing affects regime survival. Understanding the dynamics of counterbalancing, she shows, can help analysts predict when coups will occur, whether they will succeed, and how violent they are likely to be. The arguments and evidence in this book suggest that while counterbalancing may prevent successful coups, it is a risky strategy to pursue—and one that may weaken regimes in the long term.