The Use And Storage Of Methyl Isocyanate Mic At Bayer Cropscience

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The Use and Storage of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) at Bayer CropScience

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Inherently Safer Chemical Processes: The Use of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) at Bayer CropScience
The Use and Storage of Methyl Isocyanate MIC at Bayer CropScience Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Inherently Safer Chemical Processes: The Use of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) at Bayer CropScience
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2012-07-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309255462

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The Use and Storage of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) at Bayer CropScience by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Inherently Safer Chemical Processes: The Use of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) at Bayer CropScience Pdf

The use of hazardous chemicals such as methyl isocyanate can be a significant concern to the residents of communities adjacent to chemical facilities, but is often an integral part of the chemical manufacturing process. In order to ensure that chemical manufacturing takes place in a manner that is safe for workers, members of the local community, and the environment, the philosophy of inherently safer processing can be used to identify opportunities to eliminate or reduce the hazards associated with chemical processing. However, the concepts of inherently safer process analysis have not yet been adopted in all chemical manufacturing plants. The Use and Storage of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) at Bayer CropScience presents a possible framework to help plant managers choose between alternative processing options-considering factors such as environmental impact and product yield as well as safety- to develop a chemical manufacturing system. In 2008, an explosion at the Bayer CropScience chemical production plant in Institute, West Virginia, resulted in the deaths of two employees, a fire within the production unit, and extensive damage to nearby structures. The accident drew renewed attention to the fact that the Bayer facility manufactured and stores methyl isocyanate, or MIC - a volatile, highly toxic chemical used in the production of carbamate pesticides and the agent responsible for thousands of death in Bhopal, India, in 1984. In the Institute accident, debris from the blast hit the shield surrounding a MIC storage tank, and although the container was not damaged, an investigation by the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board found that the debris could have struck a relief valve vent pipe and cause the release of MIC to the atmosphere. The Board's investigation also highlighted a number of weaknesses in the Bayer facility's emergency response systems. In light of these concerns, the Board requested the National Research Council convene a committee of independent experts to write a report that examines the use and storage of MIC at the Bayer facility. The Use and Storage of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) at Bayer CropScience also evaluates the analyses on alternative production methods for MIC and carbamate pesticides preformed by Bayer and the previous owners of the facility.

Environmental Toxicants

Morton Lippmann
Environmental Toxicants Book PDF

Author : Morton Lippmann
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 1189 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2009-03-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470442883

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Environmental Toxicants by Morton Lippmann Pdf

Provides the most current information and research available for performing risk assessments on exposed individuals and populations, giving guidance to public health authorities, primary care physicians, and industrial managers Reviews current knowledge on human exposure to selected chemical agents and physical factors in the ambient environment Updates and revises the previous edition, in light of current scientific literature and its significance to public health concerns Includes new chapters on: airline cabin exposures, arsenic, endocrine disruptors, and nanoparticles

Process Synthesis

Morton M. Denn,George Stephanopoulos,John H. Seinfeld
Process Synthesis Book PDF

Author : Morton M. Denn,George Stephanopoulos,John H. Seinfeld
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1996-04-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0120085232

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Process Synthesis by Morton M. Denn,George Stephanopoulos,John H. Seinfeld Pdf

Volume 23 of Advances in Chemical Engineering covers the active field of process synthesis. There are currently three prevelant approaches to complex process synthesis strategies: heuristics-based selection, geometric representation, and optimization methods. This volume addresses a variety of these synthesis strategies for process subsystems, representing only a sample of the state-of-the-art of process synthesis research. The five papers in this volume address quite different process subsystems and application areas but still combine basic concepts related to a systematic approach. All five of the papers develop successful synthesis methods for their respective cutting-edge applications. As a group, the papers serve to highlight many unresolved issues in process synthesis and also provide guidelines for future research.

Toxic Work

Steve Fox
Toxic Work Book PDF

Author : Steve Fox
Publisher : Temple University Press
Page : 196 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0877228957

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Toxic Work by Steve Fox Pdf

In 1971, when General Telephone and Electric relocated its GTE Lenkurt plant to Albuquerque, New Mexico, city fathers were elated. GTE Lenkurt became the largest manufacturing employer in the state. This title uncovers more than 200 GTE workers (95 per cent of them women, 70 per cent of them Hispanic), each of them had an array of health problems.

Rethinking Bhopal

Kenneth Bloch
Rethinking Bhopal Book PDF

Author : Kenneth Bloch
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 510 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2016-05-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128038420

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Rethinking Bhopal by Kenneth Bloch Pdf

Rethinking Bhopal: A Definitive Guide to Investigating, Preventing, and Learning from Industrial Disasters is the go-to source for anyone seeking to learn how to improve process safety management (PSM) through applying fundamental asset reliability and incident investigation concepts. The seeds that unified PSM on a global scale were planted in Bhopal, India on December 3, 1984. Since then, considerable progress has been made to protect both workers and communities from catastrophic industrial failures. Industry acknowledges its responsibility to create value with accrued operating experience and that using information received from previous failures is a direct way to prevent future incidents. With this principle in mind, Bloch evaluates modern references related to the Bhopal Disaster, using recognized industrial asset reliability and incident investigation concepts. The practice of objective incident investigation offers a compelling insight into specific decisions and actions that resulted in history’s worst industrial disaster. Recording a fully transparent sequence of events promotes a personal sense of accountability for anyone involved in the manufacturing industry. Lessons learned can be immediately implemented by those with direct PSM, management, engineering, and operating responsibilities. Case histories demonstrate how patterns observed in the timeline leading up to the Bhopal Disaster can be detected in modern incidents and by recognizing these patterns in present-day processes avoids counterproductive operating decisions and unprecedented destruction. This text is instrumental in helping existing organizations re-evaluate their own exposures and risks, and would be a valuable read for any member of a process safety management team. Rethinking Bhopal: A Definitive Guide to Investigating, Preventing, and Learning from Industrial Disasters provides an expansion of knowledge and understanding for the novice in PSM while also providing depth and application considerations to challenge more experienced industry professionals. Note: All royalties from this book go to the Process Safety Heritage Trust Scholarship at Lamar University in Beaumont, Texas, USA. Learn how to improve Process Safety Management (PSM) performance by applying fundamental asset reliability and incident investigation concepts Understand your personal role in detecting and preventing Loss of Primary Containment (LOPC) incidents before they occur Take immediate action to stabilize processes under your control while promoting a systematic approach to eliminating persistent failure mechanisms Includes case histories to helpfully illustrate how to detect potentially destructive patterns in your own organization

Herbicide Classes in Development

Peter Böger,Ko Wakabayashi,Kenji Hirai
Herbicide Classes in Development Book PDF

Author : Peter Böger,Ko Wakabayashi,Kenji Hirai
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 374 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642594168

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Herbicide Classes in Development by Peter Böger,Ko Wakabayashi,Kenji Hirai Pdf

Chemical pest control is in use in practically every country in the world since agrochemicals play a decisive role in ensuring food supply and protection against damage by pests, insects and pathogenic fungi. Particularly in the half century since World War II, food production has risen dramatically in most parts of the world. In the last 20 years, the yield of major crops has roughly doubled in Western agriculture and there is still the potential for further achievements, particularly in the developing countries. The world's cereal and rice production, now more than 2 billion tons/year, has to increase by 2. 4% annually to cope with the rising food demand caused mainly by the growing population and improvement of living standards in most of the developing countries. Such a demand for food has to be achieved by higher yields from the restricted arable land already in use. Global farm land resources are about 1. 4 billion ha, of which 1. 2 billion ha is cultivated with major crops. Experts agree that a future substantial addition of new produc tive areas is unlikely. Those with a high yield potential are already in use; new fields with a lower output may possibly be obtained by cultivation of arid or cold areas. More recently, new areas of large-scale farmland have been devel oped in tropical regions of Latin America, primarily in Argentina and Brazil, at the cost of the destruction of tropical rain forest.

Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology

James A. Kent
Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology Book PDF

Author : James A. Kent
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1560 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2013-01-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461442592

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Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology by James A. Kent Pdf

Substantially revising and updating the classic reference in the field, this handbook offers a valuable overview and myriad details on current chemical processes, products, and practices. No other source offers as much data on the chemistry, engineering, economics, and infrastructure of the industry. The Handbook serves a spectrum of individuals, from those who are directly involved in the chemical industry to others in related industries and activities. It provides not only the underlying science and technology for important industry sectors, but also broad coverage of critical supporting topics. Industrial processes and products can be much enhanced through observing the tenets and applying the methodologies found in chapters on Green Engineering and Chemistry (specifically, biomass conversion), Practical Catalysis, and Environmental Measurements; as well as expanded treatment of Safety, chemistry plant security, and Emergency Preparedness. Understanding these factors allows them to be part of the total process and helps achieve optimum results in, for example, process development, review, and modification. Important topics in the energy field, namely nuclear, coal, natural gas, and petroleum, are covered in individual chapters. Other new chapters include energy conversion, energy storage, emerging nanoscience and technology. Updated sections include more material on biomass conversion, as well as three chapters covering biotechnology topics, namely, Industrial Biotechnology, Industrial Enzymes, and Industrial Production of Therapeutic Proteins.

The Future of Technology Management and the Business Environment

Alfred A. Marcus
The Future of Technology Management and the Business Environment Book PDF

Author : Alfred A. Marcus
Publisher : FT Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2015-12-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780133996227

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The Future of Technology Management and the Business Environment by Alfred A. Marcus Pdf

This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. ANTICIPATE AND SHAPE TECHNOLOGICAL DISRUPTION...INSTEAD OF BEING VICTIMIZED BY IT Gain powerful insights for crafting strategy in technology-rich industries, from IT to finance, and healthcare to energy Understand the massive social impacts of technology, and how today’s societal divisions shape your opportunities to innovate For everyone who must manage new technologies and respond to technological disruption From biotech to nanotech to big data, the pace of technological disruption continues to accelerate. Now, leading business strategy expert Alfred Marcus offers powerful tools for anticipating technological change, and managing the threats and opportunities it poses. Marcus illuminates the ongoing interplay between technological change and wider societal trends, helping you recognize new opportunities created by these interactions, and maximize the upside–both for your company and the broader society. Whether you’re an executive or strategist, technical professional or MBA student, this guide will sharpen your focus on the future so you can navigate radical technological-driven change–wherever it leads. Emerging technologies offer immense promise for generating growth, profitability, and prosperity. But they face major obstacles to commercialization, and have environmental and social costs that must be carefully managed to maximize the benefit and mitigate the harm. This book is about the foresight and strategic actions required for these new technologies to play a positive rather than negative role. Alfred Marcus illuminates their potential, reviews the risky decisions needed to transform potential into reality, and discusses how technologies might be used to ameliorate social problems rather than exacerbate them. Whether you’re an executive, manager, or student, you’ll gain powerful insights into innovation, strategy, execution, technology management, and the fastchanging business environment in which technological change takes place.

What Went Wrong?

Trevor Kletz,Paul Amyotte
What Went Wrong Book PDF

Author : Trevor Kletz,Paul Amyotte
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 840 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2019-06-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128105405

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What Went Wrong? by Trevor Kletz,Paul Amyotte Pdf

What Went Wrong? 6th Edition provides a complete analysis of the design, operational, and management causes of process plant accidents and disasters. Co-author Paul Amyotte has built on Trevor Kletz’s legacy by incorporating questions and personal exercises at the end of each major book section. Case histories illustrate what went wrong and why it went wrong, and then guide readers in how to avoid similar tragedies and learn without having to experience the loss incurred by others. Updated throughout and expanded, this sixth edition is the ultimate resource of experienced-based analysis and guidance for safety and loss prevention professionals. 20% new material and updating of existing content with parts A and B now combined Exposition of topical concepts including Natech events, process security, warning signs, and domino effects New case histories and lessons learned drawn from other industries and applications such as laboratories, pilot plants, bioprocess plants, and electronics manufacturing facilities

Sulfur Chemistry

Xuefeng Jiang
Sulfur Chemistry Book PDF

Author : Xuefeng Jiang
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 475 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-28
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030255985

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Sulfur Chemistry by Xuefeng Jiang Pdf

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.

A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives

National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Design and Evaluation of Safer Chemical Substitutions: A Framework to Inform Government and Industry Decisions
A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Design and Evaluation of Safer Chemical Substitutions: A Framework to Inform Government and Industry Decisions
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2014-10-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309310161

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A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on the Design and Evaluation of Safer Chemical Substitutions: A Framework to Inform Government and Industry Decisions Pdf

Historically, regulations governing chemical use have often focused on widely used chemicals and acute human health effects of exposure to them, as well as their potential to cause cancer and other adverse health effects. As scientific knowledge has expanded there has been an increased awareness of the mechanisms through which chemicals may exert harmful effects on human health, as well as their effects on other species and ecosystems. Identification of high-priority chemicals and other chemicals of concern has prompted a growing number of state and local governments, as well as major companies, to take steps beyond existing hazardous chemical federal legislation. Interest in approaches and policies that ensure that any new substances substituted for chemicals of concern are assessed as carefully and thoroughly as possible has also burgeoned. The overarching goal of these approaches is to avoid regrettable substitutions, which occur when a toxic chemical is replaced by another chemical that later proved unsuitable because of persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, or other concerns. Chemical alternative assessments are tools designed to facilitate consideration of these factors to assist stakeholders in identifying chemicals that may have the greatest likelihood of harm to human and ecological health, and to provide guidance on how the industry may develop and adopt safer alternatives. A Framework to Guide Selection of Chemical Alternatives develops and demonstrates a decision framework for evaluating potentially safer substitute chemicals as primarily determined by human health and ecological risks. This new framework is informed by previous efforts by regulatory agencies, academic institutions, and others to develop alternative assessment frameworks that could be operationalized. In addition to hazard assessments, the framework incorporates steps for life-cycle thinking - which considers possible impacts of a chemical at all stages including production, use, and disposal - as well as steps for performance and economic assessments. The report also highlights how modern information sources such as computational modeling can supplement traditional toxicology data in the assessment process. This new framework allows the evaluation of the full range of benefits and shortcomings of substitutes, and examination of tradeoffs between these risks and factors such as product functionality, product efficacy, process safety, and resource use. Through case studies, this report demonstrates how different users in contrasting decision contexts with diverse priorities can apply the framework. This report will be an essential resource to the chemical industry, environmentalists, ecologists, and state and local governments.

The Bhopal Saga

Ingrid Eckerman
The Bhopal Saga Book PDF

Author : Ingrid Eckerman
Publisher : Universities Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 8173715157

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The Bhopal Saga by Ingrid Eckerman Pdf

The Bhopal Saga Is An Incisive Analysis Of One Of The Worst Industrial Accidents That Has Taken Place In The Recent Past. It Also Discusses The Conflicting Stance Of The Union Carbide Corporation And The Government Of India On The Moral Responsibility For The Tragedy.

Terrorism and the Chemical Infrastructure

National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Assessing Vulnerabilities Related to the Nation's Chemical Infrastructure
Terrorism and the Chemical Infrastructure Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Assessing Vulnerabilities Related to the Nation's Chemical Infrastructure
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2006-07-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309097215

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Terrorism and the Chemical Infrastructure by National Research Council,Transportation Research Board,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Committee on Assessing Vulnerabilities Related to the Nation's Chemical Infrastructure Pdf

The chemical sector is a key part of the national economy and has been designated by the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) as one of 17 sectors comprising the nation's Critical Infrastructure. Although its products represent only 2 percent of the U.S. gross domestic product, those products underpin most other manufactured goods. To assist DHS in characterizing and mitigating the vulnerabilities faced by the nation from the chemical industry, this study examines classes of chemicals and chemical processes that are critical to the nation's security, economy, and health. It identifies vulnerabilities and points of weakness in the supply chain for these chemicals and chemical processes; assesses the likely impact of a significant disruption in the supply chain; identifies actions to help prevent disruption in the supply chain and mitigate loss and injury should such disruption occur; identifies incentives and disincentives to preventative and mitigating actions; and recommends areas of scientific, engineering, and economic research and development. The report concludes that the consequences of a deliberate attack on the chemical infrastructure would be expected to be similar in nature to the accidents we have already experienced. Under limited circumstances, such an attack could cause catastrophic casualties and loss of life, but it would take several simultaneous events to cause catastrophic economic consequences. Poor communication could amplify societal response. Overall, the recommendations in this report emphasize the benefit of investments to improve emergency preparedness for and response to chemical events. They also highlight the potential to minimize the physical hazards through development of cost-effective, safer processes that reduce the volume, toxicity, or hazardous conditions under which chemicals are processed.

Process Safety Management and Human Factors

Waddah S. Ghanem Al Hashmi
Process Safety Management and Human Factors Book PDF

Author : Waddah S. Ghanem Al Hashmi
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780128181102

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Process Safety Management and Human Factors by Waddah S. Ghanem Al Hashmi Pdf

Process Safety Management and Human Factors: A Practitioner's Experiential Approach addresses human factors in process safety management (PSM) from a reflective learning approach. The book is written by engineers and technical specialists who spent the last 15-20 years of their professional career looking at behavioral-based safety, human factor research, and safety culture development in organizations. It is a fundamental resource for operational, technical and safety managers in high-risk industries who need to focus on personal and occupational safety management to prevent safety accidents. Real-life examples illustrate how a good, effective understanding of human factors supports PSM and positive impacts on accident occurrence. Covers the evolution and background of process safety management Shows how to integrate and augment process safety management with operational excellence and health, safety and environment management systems Focuses on human factors in process safety management Includes many real-life case studies from the collective experience of the book's authors

Contextualizing Disaster

Gregory V. Button,Mark Schuller
Contextualizing Disaster Book PDF

Author : Gregory V. Button,Mark Schuller
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2016-09-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781785332814

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Contextualizing Disaster by Gregory V. Button,Mark Schuller Pdf

Contextualizing Disaster offers a comparative analysis of six recent "highly visible" disasters and several slow-burning, "hidden," crises that include typhoons, tsunamis, earthquakes, chemical spills, and the unfolding consequences of rising seas and climate change. The book argues that, while disasters are increasingly represented by the media as unique, exceptional, newsworthy events, it is a mistake to think of disasters as isolated or discrete occurrences. Rather, building on insights developed by political ecologists, this book makes a compelling argument for understanding disasters as transnational and global phenomena.