The Use Of Digital Radar In Short Range Forecasting

Author : H. Stuart Muench,William E. Lamkin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Airports
ISBN : IND:30000131138863

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The Use of Digital Radar in Short-range Forecasting by H. Stuart Muench,William E. Lamkin Pdf

As part of a program to improve short-range forecasts of weather conditions at aircraft terminals, a digital radar system was established at Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Bedford Mass. The system, consisting of AN/FPS-77, digital interface, microwave transmitter-receiver, video integrator and computer, was installed in late 1972. Since that time the system has been used in conjunction with a network of 26 automated weather stations to make experimental forecasts of visibility and severe-weather conditions. The radar output of digital maps of radar intensity was found to be very convenient, but the inability of the radar to detect small water droplets limits the use in low visibility forecasting primarily to heavy rain storms and snow storms. In severe storms modest success was attained forecasting gusts, using digital maps. The large amounts of weather information from the network and radar frequently saturated the forecaster making forecasts at 15-min intervals, and relief was sought in the form of objective aids. Preliminary relationships between radar intensity, extinction coefficient (visibility) and rainfall rate have been formulated. In addition, a technique was developed using digital radar maps to obtain motion vectors and make probability forecasts of severe weather conditions. The calibration procedure relies on intensity of ground targets (hills and towers) for day-to-day relative calibration, and absolute calibration has been limited to Z-R relations. (Author).

Author : H. Stuart Muench,William E. Lamkin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Airports
ISBN : OCLC:1075775167

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The Use of Digital Radar in Short-range Forecasting by H. Stuart Muench,William E. Lamkin Pdf

As part of a program to improve short-range forecasts of weather conditions at aircraft terminals, a digital radar system was established at Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Bedford Mass. The system, consisting of AN/FPS-77, digital interface, microwave transmitter-receiver, video integrator and computer, was installed in late 1972. Since that time the system has been used in conjunction with a network of 26 automated weather stations to make experimental forecasts of visibility and severe-weather conditions. The radar output of digital maps of radar intensity was found to be very convenient, but the inability of the radar to detect small water droplets limits the use in low visibility forecasting primarily to heavy rain storms and snow storms. In severe storms modest success was attained forecasting gusts, using digital maps. The large amounts of weather information from the network and radar frequently saturated the forecaster making forecasts at 15-min intervals, and relief was sought in the form of objective aids. Preliminary relationships between radar intensity, extinction coefficient (visibility) and rainfall rate have been formulated. In addition, a technique was developed using digital radar maps to obtain motion vectors and make probability forecasts of severe weather conditions. The calibration procedure relies on intensity of ground targets (hills and towers) for day-to-day relative calibration, and absolute calibration has been limited to Z-R relations. (Author)

Author : H. Stuart Muench,William E. Lamkin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Airports
ISBN : UOM:39015095135615

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The Use of Digital Radar in Short-range Forecasting by H. Stuart Muench,William E. Lamkin Pdf

As part of a program to improve short-range forecasts of weather conditions at aircraft terminals, a digital radar system was established at Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Bedford Mass. The system, consisting of AN/FPS-77, digital interface, microwave transmitter-receiver, video integrator and computer, was installed in late 1972. Since that time the system has been used in conjunction with a network of 26 automated weather stations to make experimental forecasts of visibility and severe-weather conditions. The radar output of digital maps of radar intensity was found to be very convenient, but the inability of the radar to detect small water droplets limits the use in low visibility forecasting primarily to heavy rain storms and snow storms. In severe storms modest success was attained forecasting gusts, using digital maps. The large amounts of weather information from the network and radar frequently saturated the forecaster making forecasts at 15-min intervals, and relief was sought in the form of objective aids. Preliminary relationships between radar intensity, extinction coefficient (visibility) and rainfall rate have been formulated. In addition, a technique was developed using digital radar maps to obtain motion vectors and make probability forecasts of severe weather conditions. The calibration procedure relies on intensity of ground targets (hills and towers) for day-to-day relative calibration, and absolute calibration has been limited to Z-R relations. (Author).

Author : H. Stuart Muench,Rupert S. Hawkins
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Image processing
ISBN : UOM:39015095138999

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Short-range Forecasting Through Extrapolation of Satellite Imagery Patterns. Part 1 by H. Stuart Muench,Rupert S. Hawkins Pdf

Author : H. Stuart Muench
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Remote-sensing images
ISBN : UOM:39015095139369

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Short-range Forecasting Through Extrapolation of Satellite Imagery Patterns. Part II by H. Stuart Muench Pdf

Author : H. Stuart Muench
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Cloud forecasting
ISBN : UOM:39015095141456

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Short-range Forecasting of Cloudiness and Precipitation Through Extrapolation of GOES Imagery by H. Stuart Muench Pdf

This report describes the development and testing of an objective technique to forecast cloudiness and precipitation through extrapolation of satellite imagery. By utilizing on objectively determined cloud-motion vector, the technique makes local forecasts of satellite parameters (brightness and IR temperature), with high temporal resolution, using simple linear extrapolation. Algorithms are then used to convert the satellite parameters to total cloud cover, probability of 1-hour precipitation, and presence of low, middle, and high clouds. The test program computed motion vectors and made forecasts out to 7 hours, in half-hour steps, at 30 locations. The program was tested on 12 spring and fall cases, using half-hourly GOES imagery. For periods beyond 2 hours, forecasts of cloud cover and precipitation were markedly better than persistence, which deficiencies in specification hindered short-period performance. Forecasts of cloud layers were worse than persistence due to inadequate specification algorithms. The net results were quite encouraging, and further refinements and developments are planned.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Geophysics
ISBN : OSU:32435061432662

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Air Force Surveys in Geophysics by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 892 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Aeronautics
ISBN : UIUC:30112005547648

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Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by Anonim Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 642 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Meteorology
ISBN : PSU:000060058652

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Monthly Weather Review by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Weather Radar Technology Beyond NEXRAD
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2002-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309084666

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Weather Radar Technology Beyond NEXRAD by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate,Committee on Weather Radar Technology Beyond NEXRAD Pdf

Weather radar is a vital instrument for observing the atmosphere to help provide weather forecasts and issue weather warnings to the public. The current Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) system provides Doppler radar coverage to most regions of the United States (NRC, 1995). This network was designed in the mid 1980s and deployed in the 1990s as part of the National Weather Service (NWS) modernization (NRC, 1999). Since the initial design phase of the NEXRAD program, considerable advances have been made in radar technologies and in the use of weather radar for monitoring and prediction. The development of new technologies provides the motivation for appraising the status of the current weather radar system and identifying the most promising approaches for the development of its eventual replacement. The charge to the committee was to determine the state of knowledge regarding ground-based weather surveillance radar technology and identify the most promising approaches for the design of the replacement for the present Doppler Weather Radar. This report presents a first look at potential approaches for future upgrades to or replacements of the current weather radar system. The need, and schedule, for replacing the current system has not been established, but the committee used the briefings and deliberations to assess how the current system satisfies the current and emerging needs of the operational and research communities and identified potential system upgrades for providing improved weather forecasts and warnings. The time scale for any total replacement of the system (20- to 30-year time horizon) precluded detailed investigation of the designs and cost structures associated with any new weather radar system. The committee instead noted technologies that could provide improvements over the capabilities of the evolving NEXRAD system and recommends more detailed investigation and evaluation of several of these technologies. In the course of its deliberations, the committee developed a sense that the processes by which the eventual replacement radar system is developed and deployed could be as significant as the specific technologies adopted. Consequently, some of the committee's recommendations deal with such procedural issues.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Environmental geology
ISBN : CHI:62486439

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Environmental Research Papers by Anonim Pdf

Author : Christopher G. Collier
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781118414972

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Hydrometeorology by Christopher G. Collier Pdf

Hydrometeorology presents an introduction to relevant topics in the interdisciplinary fields of hydrology and meteorology. This book is one of the few books aiming to provide a balance between aspects of meteorological and hydrological processes. The transfer of energy and water between the land surface and lower atmosphere within the hydrological cycle is addressed followed by a description of the nature of precipitation, and how it is formed. Forecasting precipitation is reviewed on all scales, and the range of rainfall-runoff models and coastal surge models and forecasts (including tsunamis) which have been, and are being, used are discussed. The mechanisms of snow, ice (glacier, sea and tundra), evaporation and transpiration, how drought occurs and the representation of wind are described. How rainfall (including radar measurements) and river flow information is gathered and analysed (including, frequency analysis, Probable Maximum Precipitation and Flood) are presented. Satellite measurements of precipitation are discussed. Examples of major past floods and droughts are given. Past and future climate change, which is included, underpins the importance of hydro-meteorological processes. The structure of the general circulation of the atmosphere and how it influences weather and climate including the Hadley, Ferrel and Polar cells, the Trade winds and the El Nino, is outlined. Finally, the influence of urban areas on rainfall formation, dealing with urban drainage and air quality are described. Each chapter ends with one or two specific points as appendices, elements discussed in the chapter and a list of sample problems to aid understanding. Readership: This book is aimed at 3rd year undergraduate and postgraduate students on hydrology/hydrometeorology, environmental science and geography courses. Professionals in environmental protection agencies and consultancies will also find the book of great interest. It contains a balance of both the physics and mathematics which underpin such courses and activities.

Author : C.G. Collier
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 323 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401124041

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International Weather Radar Networking by C.G. Collier Pdf

International Weather Radar Networking covers all aspects of the subject in a collection of contributions drawn from all over the world. Of particular interest are the papers describing work in Eastern Europe and papers reviewing of the achievements of the Commission of the European Communities COST-73 project. During the last twenty years there has been a rapid growth in the number of digital radars deployed for operational use in Western Europe. There are now around 100, of which about half have a Doppler capability, providing wind as well as reflectivity information. The international exchange of the data from these systems promises a great enhancement of the benefits to weather forecasting and commercial users. This volume reports work being undertaken to realize those benefits and points the way to future developments of radar technology.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1981
Category : Hydrodynamic short range weather forecasting
ISBN : UCSD:31822031277700

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Nowcasting by Anonim Pdf

Author : Peter Ray
Publisher : Springer
Page : 803 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2015-03-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781935704201

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Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting by Peter Ray Pdf

This book is a collection of selected lectures presented at the ‘Intensive Course on Mesoscale Meteorology and Forecasting’ in Boulder, USA, in 1984. It includes mesoscale classifications, observing techniques and systems, internally generated circulations, mesoscale convective systems, externally forced circulations, modeling and short-range forecasting techniques. This is a highly illustrated book and comprehensive work, including extensive bibliographic references. It is aimed at graduates in meteorology and for professionals working in the field.