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Author : Nita Ghei,Steven Kamin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Economic policy
ISBN : UCSD:31822021657432
Author : Mr.Simon T Gray
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 45 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2021-02-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513568638
Some central banks have maintained overvalued official exchange rates, while unable to ensure that supply of foreign exchange meets legitimate demand for current account transactions at that price. A parallel exchange rate market develops, in such circumstances; and when the spread between the official and parallel rates is both substantial and sustained, price levels in the economy typically reflect the parallel market exchange rate. “Recognizing reality” by allowing economic agents to use a market clearing rate benefits economic activity without necessarily leading to more inflation. But a unified, market-clearing exchange rate will not stabilize without a supportive fiscal and monetary context. A number of country case studies are included; my thanks to Jie Ren for pulling together all the data for the country case studies, and the production of the charts.
Author : Eliana La Ferrara,Gabriel Castillo,John Nash
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Foreign exchange
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
The paper provides an analysis of the mechanisms for foreign exchange allocation used in trade policy reform and an assessment of their effectiveness. The case is strong for avoiding delay in moving to full currency convertibility in dismantling or modifying foreign exchange controls. Movement to a unified free market for exchange would be facilitated by changes in policies and in donor practice, so exchange can be channeled through private sellers.
Author : Miguel Alberto Kiguel,Stephen A. O'Connell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : UCSD:31822016667933
Author : Dhananjay Tripathi,Sanjay Chaturvedi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 144 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2021-11-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000485509
Post-colonial and post-partition South Asia, one of the fastest-growing and yet one of the least integrated regions of the world, is marked by both optimism and pessimism. This intriguing dichotomy of strength and weakness, security and insecurity, hope and fear, connections and disconnects underpins South Asia’s regionalism conundrum and gives birth to borders and boundaries – both material and mental – with a complex territoriality. The Janus-faced nature of South Asian borderlands – the inward nationalizing impulses entangled with the outward regional frontier-orientations – is a stark reminder that history of mobility in this eco-geographical region is much older than the history of territoriality and colonial cartography and ethnography. This collection of meticulously researched, theoretically informed, case studies from South Asia provides useful insights into bordering, ordering and othering narratives as practices and performances that are intricately entangled with identity politics and security discourses. It shows how a sharper focus on subterranean subregionalism(s), border communities, popular geopolitics of enmity, and transborder challenges to sustainability, could open up spaces for new multiple (re)imaginings of borders at diverse scales and sights including sub-urban neighbourhoods, school textbooks/cinema and trans-border conservation initiatives. The chapters in this edited volume have been contributed by both renowned as well as young emerging scholars, looking into the borders and boundaries in South Asia. Each chapter offers new perspectives and insights into themes like trans-Himalayan borderlands, India-Pakistan physical and mental borders, Afghanistan-Pakistan border and numerous social boundaries that we see in everyday South Asia. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Borderlands Studies.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 14 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2024-07-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Pierre-Richard Agénor,Mr.Robert P. Flood
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 1992-05
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822008103855
Exchange rate reforms in developing countries have often aimed at floating the exchange rate in an attempt to unify the official and parallel markets for foreign exchange. This paper examines the anticipatory dynamics associated with such reforms. The analysis shows that if the future unified exchange rate is more depreciated than the prevailing official rate, a pre - announced reform will lead to a depreciation of the parallel rate upon announcement and, during the transition period, a rising premium, an increase in the rate of reserve losses, and possibly to an output contraction and an appreciation of the real exchange rate.
Author : Mr.Eduardo Valdivia-Velarde,Ms.Tamara Razin
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 634 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484312759
The Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual 6: Compilation Guide is a companion document to the sixth edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6). The purpose of the Guide is to show how the conceptual framework described in the BPM6 may be implemented in practice and to provide practical advice on source data and methodologies for compiling statistics on the balance of payments and the international investment position. The Guide is not intended to be a stand-alone manual, and readers should be familiar with the BPM6.
Author : Mr.Peter Montiel,Mr.Jonathan David Ostry
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 26 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1993-08-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451960358
It is often argued that the parallel market premium is a useful indicator of real exchange rate misalignment in developing countries. The empirical evidence does not, however, suggest the existence of a robust correlation between these two endogenous variables that is independent of the nature of economic shocks and various structural relationships in the economy. This paper presents an analytical investigation of the reliability of the parallel market premium as an indicator of real exchange rate misalignment in the context of a fully optimizing model of a developing country. The analysis suggests that one should exercise caution in drawing inferences about the sign and magnitude of real exchange rate misalignment from the parallel market premium.
Author : Howard J. Shatz,David G. Tarr
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Black market in foreign exchange
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
"Lessons from world experience about the consequences of exchange rate overvaluation (the frequent cause of trade crises), the consequences of trying to defend an overvalued exchange rate, and the most appropriate policies for resolving an overvaluation"--Cover.
Author : J. D. Nkurunziza
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Foreign exchange
ISBN : STANFORD:36105113488030
Author : Zdenek Drabek
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2001-01-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1782541993
The events in Seattle and other cities around the world demonstrate that globalisation and trade liberalisation are currently under severe pressure. There are also reasons to believe that these pressures are being translated into measures to increase the protection of domestic markets. This book addresses what are arguably the four most important origins of these pressures: macroeconomic conditions, labour policy, trade and the environment, and market imperfections. The authors first address the role of macroeconomic conditions and policies, and demonstrate how these can have a crucial role in explaining 'slippages' of trade policy. The second origin of instability is labour policy, in particular the pressures to introduce universal labour standards. The third economic origin the book considers is the relationship between trade and the environment and the attempts to link trade policies to environmental standards. The fourth origin of protectionist pressure comes from the presence of various market imperfections and the extent to which they affect competition. The authors conclude that multilateral agreements can be extremely helpful in creating the right environment for equitable trade policies, but warn that complete success can only be achieved once major hurdles are overcome in the highly controversial and politically sensitive areas of labour, environment and competition.
Author : William Kerr,Nicholas Perdikis
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781783476688
'I have used the materials contained in this book extensively in a major trade-related capacity, building a technical training program for trade officials and business people in six countries in Southeast Asia to great effect. The book fills an important gap in the existing literature on the subject and links international economic policy to practical hands on international business management. It underlines the importance of understanding the increasingly complex nature of international markets and offers useful options for mitigating their risk.' - Wayne Robinson, Estey Centre for Law and Economics in International Trade, Canada This MBA textbook provides a guide to the international institutions, both public and private, that exist to regulate and facilitate international business. William Kerr and Nicholas Perdikis explain how international business decision making should take into account the ideas and institutions that make up the international commercial environment, such as why trade theories are important to business; the ways in which governments can restrict trade; the role of international trade rules in reducing risk; the threats that anti-dumping and countervail actions pose; the pros and cons of operating multilaterally; the role of trading houses and the advantages of using private sector institutions to settle international business disputes.
Author : Mr.Richard C. Bart,Mr.Chorng-Huey Wong
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1994-06-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1557753644
External sector policies and exchange rate policy are central to a country's economic performance and to the IMF's surveillance functions. The papers in this book, edited by Richard Barth and Chorng-Huey Wong, were presented at a seminar on Exchange Rate Policy in Developing and Transition Economies held by the IMF Institute. They analyze choices of exchange rate regimes, issues affecting management of exchange regimes, and specific types of regimes, including case studies from the former Soviet Union, Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Author : Bernard M. Hoekman,Aaditya Mattoo,Philip English
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 674 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 082134997X
Publisher's description: Developing countries are increasingly confronted with the need to address trade policy related issues in international agreements, most prominently the World Trade Organization (WTO). New WTO negotiations on a broad range of subjects were launched in November 2001. Determining whether and how international trade agreements can support economic development is a major challenge. Stakeholders in developing countries must be informed on the issues and understand how their interests can be pursued through international cooperation. This handbook offers guidance on the design of trade policy reform, surveys key disciplines and the functioning of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and discusses numerous issues and options that confront developing countries in using international cooperation to improve domestic policy and obtain access to export markets. Many of the issues discussed are also relevant in the context of regional integration agreements. Separate sections of the handbook summarize what constitutes sound trade policy; the major aspects of the WTO from a development perspective; policy issues in the area of merchandise trade and the liberalization of international transactions in services; protection of intellectual property rights and economic development; new regulatory subjects that are emerging in the agenda of trade talks; and enhancing participation of developing countries in the global trading system.