The War Between Mentalism And Behaviorism

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The War Between Mentalism and Behaviorism

William R. Uttal
The War Between Mentalism and Behaviorism Book PDF

Author : William R. Uttal
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1999-09
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135666002

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The War Between Mentalism and Behaviorism by William R. Uttal Pdf

This book considers one of the most fundamental, but only infrequently considered, issues in psychology--Are mental processes accessible by means of verbal reports and/or experimental assays? It is argues that this is the main characteristic distinguishing between behaviorism and mentalistic cognitivism. The answer posed by the author is that, with few exceptions and for the most fundamental reasons, mental processes are not accessible and that any psychology, such as contemporary cognitivism, based on a putative analysis of mind into its mental components must be fallacious. Classic and modern arguments against both mentalism and behaviorism are reviewed. In general, it is concluded that most antibehaviorist arguments are based on second order humanistic considerations rather than those underlying the usual scientific standards. Behaviorism represents the best that can be done in a situation of fundamental immeasurability and uncertainty. A modern version is offered in the final chapter of this book.

A Behaviorist Looks at Form Recognition

William R. Uttal
A Behaviorist Looks at Form Recognition Book PDF

Author : William R. Uttal
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2014-04-04
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781135636388

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A Behaviorist Looks at Form Recognition by William R. Uttal Pdf

For many years behaviorism was criticized because it rejected the study of perception. This rejection was based on the extreme view that percepts were internal subjective experiences and thus not subject to examination. This book argues that this logic is incorrect and shows how visual perception, particularized in the study of form recognition, can be carried out from the behavioral point of view if certain constraints and limitations are understood and accepted. The book discusses the idea of representation of forms, considers the major historical neural, psychological, and computational theories of form recognition, and then concludes by presenting a modern approach to the problem. In this book, William Uttal continues his critical analysis of the foundations of modern psychology. He is particularly concerned with the logical and conceptual foundations of visual perception and uses form recognition as a vehicle to rationalize the discrepancies between classic behaviorism and what we now appreciate are legitimate research areas.

Besieged by Behavior Analysis for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Eric Shyman
Besieged by Behavior Analysis for Autism Spectrum Disorder Book PDF

Author : Eric Shyman
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 231 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2014-12-11
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780739193204

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Besieged by Behavior Analysis for Autism Spectrum Disorder by Eric Shyman Pdf

Beginning with the claim that the field of educating individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder is hyper focused on behavior analytic methodologies, Eric Shyman proffers a polemic in support of comprehensive educational approaches including relationship-based, sensory, and behavioral components. By tracing the history of the development of behavior analysis, interrogating its connection with Autism Spectrum Disorder, and deeply identifying and exploring the strengths and weaknesses of multiple approaches that have been suggested for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Shyman argues that for reasons as vast as best practice and social justice, a comprehensive educational approach is the only methodology that could be suitable for the complex and individualized needs presented by individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Mathematical Principles of Human Conceptual Behavior

Ronaldo Vigo
Mathematical Principles of Human Conceptual Behavior Book PDF

Author : Ronaldo Vigo
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-10-03
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134690367

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Mathematical Principles of Human Conceptual Behavior by Ronaldo Vigo Pdf

The ability to learn concepts lies at the very core of human cognition, enabling us to efficiently classify, organize, identify, and store complex information. In view of the basic role that concepts play in our everyday physical and mental lives, the fields of cognitive science and psychology face three long standing challenges: discovering the laws that govern concept learning and categorization behavior in organisms, showing how they inform other areas of cognitive research, and describing them with the mathematical systematicity and precision found in the physical sciences. In light of these theoretical and methodological shortcomings, this volume will introduce a set of general mathematical principles for predicting and explaining conceptual behavior. The author’s theory is based on seven fundamental constructs of universal science: invariance, complexity, information, similarity, dissimilarity, pattern, and representation. These constructs are joined by a novel mathematical framework that does not depend on probability theory, and derives key results from conceptual behavior research with other key areas of cognitive research such as pattern perception, similarity assessment, and contextual choice. The result is a unique and systematic unifying foundation for cognitive science in the tradition of classical physics.

Dualism

William R. Uttal
Dualism Book PDF

Author : William R. Uttal
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2004-09-22
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9781135608590

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Dualism by William R. Uttal Pdf

Directed to scholars and senior-level graduate students, this book is an iconoclastic survey of the history of dualism and its impact on contemporary cognitive psychology. It argues that much of modern cognitive or mentalist psychology is built upon a cryptodualism--the idea that the mind and brain can be thought of as independent entities. This dualism pervades so much of society that it covertly influences many aspects of modern science, particularly psychology. To support the argument, the history of dualism is extended over 100,000 years--from the Paleolithic times until modern philosophical and psychological thinking. The questions regarding this topic that are answered in the book are: 1) Does dualism influence the scientific theories of psychology? 2) If so, should dualism be put aside in the search for a more objective analysis of human mentation?

Explanation

Giora Hon,Sam S. Rakover
Explanation Book PDF

Author : Giora Hon,Sam S. Rakover
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401597319

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Explanation by Giora Hon,Sam S. Rakover Pdf

For some years we have been conducting at the University of Haifa an interdisciplinary seminar on explanation in philosophy and psychology. We habitually begin the seminar with some philosophical reflections on explanation - an analysis of the concept and its metaphysical underpinnings. We discuss the various models and proceed to examine explanation in the setting of psychology. Thus, from the outset, we have focused not only on the concept itself but also on its application. The objective that we have set for the seminar, attended by students from both departments, Philosophy and Psychology, has been a critical understanding of the concept of explanation, its use and limitations. We were keen on deepening our understanding of the concept and on exploring its applications in fields of knowledge other than psychology. This was the motivation for convening an international conference on explanation and its application. The conference took place in the spring of 1998 under the auspices of the University of Haifa. The present book is the fruit of this meeting. The reader should note that the second part of the Introduction presents a detailed analytical account of the book. We hope that this overview will facilitate efficient use of the book by directing the reader's attention to those issues that might be of interest to him or her.

Psychology of Learning and Motivation

Anonim
Psychology of Learning and Motivation Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2000-10-31
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0080522734

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Psychology of Learning and Motivation by Anonim Pdf

The Psychology of Learning and Motivation publishes empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning to complex learning and problem solving. Each chapter provides a thoughtful integration of a body of work. Volume 40 includes in its coverage chapters on memory, categorization, implicit and explicit learning, and the effects of rewards and punishments on learning.

Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis

Wayne W. Fisher,Cathleen C. Piazza,Henry S. Roane
Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis Book PDF

Author : Wayne W. Fisher,Cathleen C. Piazza,Henry S. Roane
Publisher : Guilford Publications
Page : 642 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2021-07-14
Category : EDUCATION
ISBN : 9781462543762

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Handbook of Applied Behavior Analysis by Wayne W. Fisher,Cathleen C. Piazza,Henry S. Roane Pdf

"Widely regarded as the authoritative work on the principles and practice of applied behavior analysis (ABA), this indispensable volume is now in a revised and expanded second edition. Leading experts present evidence-based procedures for supporting positive behaviors and reducing problem behaviors with children and adults in diverse contexts. Chapters delve into applications in education, autism treatment, addictions, behavioral pediatrics, and other areas. Covering everything from behavioral assessment and measurement to the design and implementation of individualized interventions, the Handbook is a complete reference and training tool for ABA practitioners and students. Key Words/Subject Areas: ABA therapy, behavior analysts, developmental disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, autism treatments, behavior management, functional behavioral assessments, texts, textbooks, research handbooks, positive reinforcement, behavioral pediatrics, behavioural, behaviorism, children, adults, principles and procedures, graduate courses, classes, BCBA certification, training, reducing problem behaviors, treating autistic kids, behavioral treatments, early interventions, positive behavior supports, comprehensive guide, special education Audience: Behavior analysts and trainees working with children and adults, including special educators, school and clinical psychologists, autism specialists, and behavioral medicine professionals"--

Neural Theories of Mind

William R. Uttal
Neural Theories of Mind Book PDF

Author : William R. Uttal
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-24
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781000106190

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Neural Theories of Mind by William R. Uttal Pdf

In this fascinating book, William R. Uttal raises the possibility that, however much we learn about the anatomy and physiology of the brain and psychology, we may never be able to cross the final bridge explaining how the mind is produced by the brain. Three main classes of mind-brain theory are considered and rejected: field theories, because they are based on a superficial analogy; single cell theories, because they emerge from a massive uncontrolled experimental program; and neural net theories, because they are constrained by combinatorial complexity. To support his argument, Uttal explores the empirical and conceptual foundations of these theoretical approaches and identifies flaws in their fundamental logic. The author concludes that the problems preventing solution of the mind-brain problem are intractable, yet well within the confines of natural science.

Underdogs

Heather Love
Underdogs Book PDF

Author : Heather Love
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2021-09-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780226761244

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Underdogs by Heather Love Pdf

A pathbreaking genealogy of queer theory that traces its roots to an unexpected source: sociological research on marginal communities in the era before Stonewall. The sociology of “social deviants” flourished in the United States at midcentury, studying the lives of outsiders such as homosexuals, Jews, disabled people, drug addicts, and political radicals. But in the following decades, many of these downcast figures would become the architects of new social movements, activists in revolt against institutions, the state, and social constraint. As queer theory gained prominence as a subfield of the humanities in the late 1980s, it seemed to inherit these radical, activist impulses—challenging not only gender and sexual norms, but also the nature of society itself. With Underdogs, Heather Love shows that queer theorists inherited as much from sociologists as they did from activists. Through theoretical and archival work, Love traces the connection between midcentury studies of deviance and the antinormative, antiessentialist field of queer theory. While sociologists saw deviance as an inevitable fact of social life, queer theorists embraced it as a rallying cry. A robust interdisciplinary history of the field, Underdogs stages a reencounter with the practices and communities that underwrite radical queer thought.

Aspects of Rationality

Raymond S. Nickerson
Aspects of Rationality Book PDF

Author : Raymond S. Nickerson
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 509 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2007-11-19
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781136676345

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Aspects of Rationality by Raymond S. Nickerson Pdf

What does it mean to be rational to reason well and effectively? How does rationality, broadly conceived, relate to the knowledge one acquires, the beliefs one forms, the explanations one constructs or appropriates, the judgments and decisions one makes, the values one adopts? What is the character of human reasoning and, in particular, does it t

Mind and Brain

William R. Uttal
Mind and Brain Book PDF

Author : William R. Uttal
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262015967

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Mind and Brain by William R. Uttal Pdf

The search for mind-brain relationships, with a particular emphasis on distinguishing hyperbole from solid empirical results in brain imaging studies. Cognitive neuroscience explores the relationship between our minds and our brains, most recently by drawing on brain imaging techniques to align neural mechanisms with psychological processes. In Mind and Brain, William Uttal offers a critical review of cognitive neuroscience, examining both its history and modern developments in the field. He pays particular attention to the role of brain imaging--especially functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)--in studying the mind-brain relationship. He argues that, despite the explosive growth of this new mode of research, there has been more hyperbole than critical analysis of what experimental outcomes really mean. With Mind and Brain, Uttal attempts a synoptic synthesis of this substantial body of scientific literature. Uttal considers psychological and behavioral concerns that can help guide the neuroscientific discussion; work done before the advent of imaging systems; and what brain imaging has brought to recent research. Cognitive neuroscience, Uttal argues, is truly both cognitive and neuroscientific. Both approaches are necessary and neither is sufficient to make sense of the greatest scientific issue of all: how the brain makes the mind.

History of Psychology

D. Brett King,William Douglas Woody,Wayne Viney
History of Psychology Book PDF

Author : D. Brett King,William Douglas Woody,Wayne Viney
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 577 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2015-07-14
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781317350606

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History of Psychology by D. Brett King,William Douglas Woody,Wayne Viney Pdf

A History of Psychology: Ideas & Context, 5/e, traces psychological thought from antiquity through early 21st century advances, giving students a thorough look into psychology’s origins and development. This title provides in-depth coverage of intellectual trends, major systems of thought, and key developments in basic and applied psychology.

Macroneural Theories in Cognitive Neuroscience

William R. Uttal
Macroneural Theories in Cognitive Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : William R. Uttal
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2015-07-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781317392736

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Macroneural Theories in Cognitive Neuroscience by William R. Uttal Pdf

In this book, William R. Uttal continues his analysis and critique of theories of mind. This book considers theories that are based on macroneural responses (such as those obtained from fMRI) that represent the averaged or cumulative responses of many neurons. The analysis is carried out with special emphasis on the logical and conceptual difficulties in developing a theory but with special attention to some of the current attempts to go from these cumulative responses to explanations of the grand question of how the mind is generated by the brain. While acknowledging the importance of these macroneural techniques in the study of the anatomy and physiology of the brain, Uttal concludes that this macroneural approach is not likely to produce a valid neural theory of cognition because the critical information—the states of the individual neurons—involved in brain activity becoming mental activity is actually lost in the process of summation. Controversial topics are considered in detail including discussions of empirical, logical, and technological barriers to theory building in cognitive neuroscience.

Reliability in Cognitive Neuroscience

William R. Uttal
Reliability in Cognitive Neuroscience Book PDF

Author : William R. Uttal
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780262018524

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Reliability in Cognitive Neuroscience by William R. Uttal Pdf

Cognitive neuroscientists increasingly claim that brain images generated by new brain imaging technologies reflect, correlate, or represent cognitive processes. This book warns against these claims, arguing that, despite its utility in anatomic and physiological applications, brain imaging research has not provided consistent evidence for correlation with cognition. It bases this argument on a review of the empirical literature, pointing to variability in data not only among subjects within individual experiments but also in the meta-analytical approach that pools data from different experiments.